Showing papers in "Economic Geography in 1970"
TL;DR: A Computer Movie Simulating Urban Growth in the Detroit Region as discussed by the authors was made to simulate urban growth in the city of Detroit, Michigan, United States of America, 1970, 1970.
Abstract: (1970). A Computer Movie Simulating Urban Growth in the Detroit Region. Economic Geography: Vol. 46, PROCEEDINGS International Geographical Union Commission on Quantitative Methods, pp. 234-240.
7,533 citations
308 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of existing and new measures with applications is presented, focusing on spatial autocorrelation and its application in economic geography, and a review is given.
Abstract: (1970). Spatial Autocorrelation: A Review of Existing and New Measures with Applications. Economic Geography: Vol. 46, PROCEEDINGS International Geographical Union Commission on Quantitative Methods, pp. 269-292.
180 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss Statistix Inferens the Geographical Name for A Wild Goose, and propose a new name for the wild goose: Wild Goose Wild Goose.
Abstract: (1970). Is Statistix Inferens the Geographical Name for A Wild Goose? Economic Geography: Vol. 46, PROCEEDINGS International Geographical Union Commission on Quantitative Methods, pp. 439-448.
163 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present some patterns in International Tourist Flows and present a survey of the patterns in tourist flows. But they do not discuss the relationship between tourist flows and travel patterns.
Abstract: (1970). On Some Patterns in International Tourist Flows. Economic Geography: Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 549-567.
125 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, models of Intra Urban Consumer Behavior and their Implications for Central Place Theory are discussed. But the authors focus on the central place theory and do not consider the urban environment.
Abstract: (1970). Models of Intra Urban Consumer Behavior and Their Implications for Central Place Theory. Economic Geography: Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 486-497.
89 citations
TL;DR: The travel impact of the fact that in most cases the patient's physician, not the patient, chooses the hospital is explored, and the effect of racial, religious, and income variations on the hospital trip is discussed.
Abstract: (1970). Factors Influencing Distances Traveled to Hospitals. Economic Geography: Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 161-171.
80 citations
TL;DR: Theoretical problems in central place analysis have been studied in this article, with a focus on central places analysis in the context of Central Place Analysis (CPA) and central places.
Abstract: (1970). Theoretical Problems in Central Place Analysis. Economic Geography: Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 568-586.
77 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an assessment of distance interaction models is presented, based on Explanation, Prediction, and Meaning Variance: An Assessment of Distance Interaction Models, with a focus on explaining, predicting, and meaning variance.
Abstract: (1970). Explanation, Prediction, and Meaning Variance: An Assessment of Distance Interaction Models. Economic Geography: Vol. 46, PROCEEDINGS International Geographical Union Commission on Quantitative Methods, pp. 223-233.
TL;DR: The Shape of Diffusion in Space and Time as discussed by the authors was the first work to explore the shape of diffusion in space and time in the context of economic geography. But it is not suitable for the general public.
Abstract: (1970). The Shape of Diffusion in Space and Time. Economic Geography: Vol. 46, PROCEEDINGS International Geographical Union Commission on Quantitative Methods, pp. 259-268.
TL;DR: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the application of finite Markov chain analysis to geographic problems with particular emphasis upon applications that in the author's opinion have been given inadequate attention by geographers.
Abstract: *A number of helpful comments were received from participants in the Regional Analysis Workshop, University of Chicago, 1970, especially Brian J. L. Berry, Forrest R. Pitts, and Paul J. Schwind. 1 The purpose of this paper is to discuss the application of finite Markov chain analysis to geographic problems with particular emphasis upon applications that in the author's opinion have been given inadequate attention by geographers. However, no attempt is made to compare the Markov chain applications suggested here with other approaches to the problems discussed, so as to enable evaluation of one approach versus another. This task is left for the researcher concentrating upon the particular problems. t ms; the second focuses upon the Markov chain as a model of geographic process. Throughout, familiarity with the finite Markov chain model is assumed.2
TL;DR: For instance, the authors argues that since World War II no single problem has commanded the attention of social scientists more than that of economic development, and that efforts to understand the process of modernisation and to find effective techniques for accelerating economic growth have generated an enormous literature in economics, political science, sociology and planning.
Abstract: Since World War II no single problem has commanded the attention of social scientists more than that of economic development. Efforts to understand the process of modernisation and to find effective techniques for accelerating economic growth have generated an enormous literature in economics, political science, sociology and planning. Incredibly, American geography has remained outside of this mainstream of activity.
TL;DR: The Elements in Inter-Port Competition in the United States (EICUS) as discussed by the authors was the first inter-port competition organized in the US for the first time in 1970.
Abstract: (1970). Elements in Inter-Port Competition in the United States. Economic Geography: Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 1-24.
TL;DR: If each node's properties are mapped in an n-dimensional space, it is possible to compute a measure of distance separating any two nodes, termed functional distance, such that it reflects the net effect of nodal properties upon their propensity to interact.
Abstract: origin and destination [13, pp. 49-50]. In general, the net effect of these properties may be viewed in terms of the functional distance between any two places (or nodes). If each node's (n) properties are mapped in an n-dimensional space, it is possible to compute a measure of distance separating any two nodes, termed functional distance, such that it reflects the net effect of nodal properties upon their propensity to interact [6]. In this context it is understood that lesser func-
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the use of statistical techniques developed in other disciplines, although few of these allied fields have been concerned with the irregular patterns of the real world, and propose to apply them to the de-Christaller problem.
Abstract: places within the frameworks of Christaller or Losch. Both of these approaches are very valuable, but nevertheless restricted in their application. The latter, while highlighting further problems for research gives us little understanding of the parameters which we presume to exist in the irregular patterns of the real world. The former has used mostly statistical techniques developed in other disciplines, although few of these allied fields have been concerned with the de-
TL;DR: A review of the procedures of grouping and regionalizing used in geography, for such a task has recently been performed elsewhere [84], nor does it attempt the presumptuous task of indicating the "best" procedures for geographers to follow as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: This paper is not a review of the procedures of grouping and regionalizing used in geography, for such a task has recently been performed elsewhere [84], nor does it attempt the presumptuous task of indicating the "best" procedures for geographers to follow. Instead, a number of observations are presented on some methodological and technical problems noted in the recent literature, and suggestions are made on some as yet unexplored aspects of the topic. In approach, therefore, the paper follows an earlier essay [44] (whose arguments are not repeated here) which was inspired by a claim that geographers could at long last replicate their regions [14]; see also Lankford [53].1 The main arguments are that groupings should be performed for specific tasks within a hypothesis-testing methodology so organized that the chances of Type I Errors are minimized, and that there are no differences between the general procedure of grouping and the geographer's task of regionalizing.
TL;DR: The concept and method of commodity flow studies have been criticised for their conceptual poverty as discussed by the authors, and the few geographers interested in commodity flows seemed to be preoccupied with the graphical presentation of statistics of traffic flow.
Abstract: Commodity flow studies have been justly criticized for their conceptual poverty [36, p. 1]. Indeed, until the midfifties when some of Ohlin's [60] propositions about interregional trade were reformulated by Ullman [93, 94] into a verbal model of the bases for spatial interaction, the few geographers interested in commodity flows seemed to be preoccupied with the graphical presentation of statistics of traffic flow [16, 99]. Studies that simply annotate flow maps and diagrams (themselves generalized and therefore less accurate versions of the basic numerical data) have not ceased [83, 86, 91], but during the last decade there has been an increasing awareness of the need for concept and method in commodity flow studies [13, 35]. It is with these concepts and methods that this paper will be concerned.
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of entropy changes in a settlement pattern over time is presented, and the authors propose a method to identify the root cause of the entropy changes over time.
Abstract: (1970). An Analysis of Entropy Changes in a Settlement Pattern Over Time. Economic Geography: Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 157-160.
TL;DR: In this article, univariate spatial forecasting is used for univariate spatial forecasting in the context of economic geography, and the results are presented in the proceedings of the International Geographical Union Commission on Quantitative Methods.
Abstract: (1970). Univariate Spatial Forecasting. Economic Geography: Vol. 46, PROCEEDINGS International Geographical Union Commission on Quantitative Methods, pp. 241-258.
TL;DR: In this paper, the equivalence between a set of model-building approaches started by information theory and a similar set started by the theory of ensembles of statistical mechanics is explained.
Abstract: First is a paper by Wilson presented at the Budapest Congress of the Regional Science Association [16]. Its principal topic can be described as the explanation of the equivalence between a set of model-building approaches started by information theory and a similar set started by the theory of ensembles of statistical mechanics. The paper shows that the maximum entropy solution provides a rationale for many spatial interaction models.
TL;DR: The Location of Service Towns: An Approach to the Analysis of Central Place Systems as discussed by the authors is an approach to the analysis of central place systems that is based on the concept of central places.
Abstract: (1970). The Location of Service Towns: An Approach to the Analysis of Central Place Systems. Economic Geography: Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 630-632.
TL;DR: In this article, a selection of behavioral models which can produce spatial equilibrium outputs is presented, focusing on consumer behavior and its equilibrium situations, and the emphasis of this paper is placed on consumer behavioral models and their equilibrium situations.
Abstract: The search for equilibrium solutions for spatial problems has been an active one for obvious reasons. Not only do they provide theoretical norms against which departures are measured, but they generally provide unique solutions to problems—solutions which are objectively derived and provide a mathematical terminating point for some iterative processes. Equilibrium solutions are also sought because they allow the construction of meaningful spatial systems, whether the systems be of cities, industrial plants, or urban functions. Once an equilibrium solution is obtained, and its spatial manifestations noted, it is possible to make generalizations or construct spatial theory about the phenomena being examined. The emphasis of this paper will be on a selection of behavioral models which can produce spatial equilibrium outputs. Since this is itself a wide area covering many of the behavioral sciences, emphasis is placed on consumer behavior and its equilibrium situations.
TL;DR: The Role of Geography in the Great Transition: Beyond the Exponentials; the Role of geography in the great transition as mentioned in this paper, is a seminal work in the field of economic geography.
Abstract: (1970). Beyond the Exponentials; the Role of Geography in the Great Transition. Economic Geography: Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 498-535.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the peculiar characteristics of particular localities and proposed a geographic economic model to predict the occurrence of concentrations of desired mineral resources. But, the models presented are designed primarily to inform economic policy, specifically policies that would exploit local mineral resources to achieve economic development of economically underdeveloped countries or regions.
Abstract: This essay might be classed in the realm of geographic economics rather than in economic geography. Considerations that are eminently geographic, that is, are tied to the peculiar characteristics of particular localities, are examined. However, the models presented are designed primarily to inform economic policy, specifically policies that would exploit local mineral resources to achieve economic development of economically underdeveloped countries or regions. Gold is where you find it. For thousands of years efforts have been made to develop a theory that would predict the occurrence of concentrations of desired
TL;DR: This paper is a critical review of statistical models relevant to groups or series of events of a single type, both in terms of counts of undifferentiated instances and measures of time or space continuum.
Abstract: An important part of the literature on natural conditions concerns the probabilistic structure of events comprising only a fraction of a time or space continuum. This paper is a critical review of such work. The subject matter can include rainy periods, dates of plant germination, and sea waves, landslides and tornado strikes. We shall deal largely with statistical models relevant to groups or series of events of a single type, both in terms of counts of undifferentiated instances and measures of
TL;DR: The growth pole concept, introduced in 1955 by Perroux, has received increasing attention as a tool for regional development as mentioned in this paper, and Adaptations exist for both developed and developing nations. But there is a danger in regarding such a program as a solution to all regional problems; for some it is illsuited.
Abstract: The growth pole concept, introduced in 1955 by Perroux, has received increasing attention as a tool for regional development [17]. Adaptations exist for both developed and developing nations. There is, however, danger in regarding such a program as a solution to all regional problems; for some it is ill-suited. Particularly in developing countries, the growth pole has become a slogan because of its social and political appeal; its indiscriminate use may result in misallocations of scarce resources.
TL;DR: The literature on discriminant analysis, both theoretical and applied, continues to grow as discussed by the authors, and there are several studies in the social sciences which use discriminant analyses in tackling particular problems about spatial patterns.
Abstract: niques, appear to be of rather limited value in most geographic research efforts which are typically lacking in any strong theoretical frameworks and properly designed experimental bases. This is not to deny the demonstrated partial utility of some of these techniques as methods of data analysis, but simply to note that as statistical techniques they obviously were originally designed to answer more formal inferential questions and as such, they have not been fully exploited in geographic research. Clearly, the current emphasis in quantitative geography is on the formulation of hypotheses and the development of mathematical models, rather than on questions of statistical inference. This emphasis seems quite proper, as this author [51] and many others [22, 35, 64] have stressed. The literature on discriminant analysis, both theoretical and applied, continues to grow. Of special interest to the geographer are several studies in the social sciences which use discriminant analysis in tackling particular problems about spatial patterns. The existence of these studies alone might well justify this review of discriminant analysis. But in addition, there appear to be some intriguing policy issues which relate to the spatial organization of society that might well be handled by a geographer using discriminant analysis, and in the final section of this paper one such problem is outlined.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss general trading in Botswana, 1890-1968, and present a survey of Botswana's general trading history, focusing on the following topics: mining, agriculture, and mining.
Abstract: (1970). General Trading in Botswana, 1890–1968. Economic Geography: Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 598-611.