Showing papers in "Economic Geography in 1990"
TL;DR: In this article, an explicit geographic perspective for modeling the housing price determination process is introduced, where the traditional econometric models that utilize the hedonic price regression are accepted but are extended to incorporate spatial neighborhood dynamics.
Abstract: This paper introduces an explicit geographic perspective for modeling the housing price determination process. The traditional econometric models that utilize the hedonic price regression are accepted but are extended to incorporate spatial neighborhood dynamics. The expansion method is used as the general modeling framework. The question posed by this research is: Do housing attributes produce different pricing differentials depending on location? Consequently, the models that are generated are characterized by spatial variation with respect to the influence of housing attributes on housing prices. In addition to its conceptual concern, this paper also deals with spatial dependence, an issue that has not been addressed in the previous empirical investigations. The empirical segment of this research uses data for the Columbus, Ohio MSA. The results suggest that the models constructed using the expansion method more accurately mirror the workings of the residential real estate markets.
339 citations
TL;DR: De Soto's ideas, which lead to deregulation, debureaucratization, and privatization, are contrasted with the International Labour Office's "informal sector" concept, which advocates increased state support for small manufacturing and repair enterprises through credit, technical assistance, and training as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Hernando De Soto, a Peruvian economist and entrepreneur, is probably the most important contemporary Latin American writer on production and reproduction. His book The Other Path is an international best-seller, he has been extensively discussed in the world's news media, and he has strongly influenced Peruvian public policy and politics. His central concept of “informality” focuses on income-generating and expenditure-saving activities that contravene official regulations but do not break conventional moral codes. De Soto's ideas, which lead to deregulation, debureaucratization, and privatization, are contrasted with the International Labour Office's “informal sector” concept, which advocates increased state support for small manufacturing and repair enterprises through credit, technical assistance, and training. Though conventionally portrayed as right-wing, his views are radically different from those of many conservatives and he has played a “maverick” role in Peruvian politics.
91 citations
84 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the nature and extent to which British Columbia's global role with respect to staple production has changed with the severe recessionary conditions of the early 1980s.
Abstract: For Harold Innis, staple exports provided the starting point to examine Canada's institutions and internal structures. Given the central role of staple exports, Innis sought to accomplish the task of developing a distinctively Canadian theory by wedding three types of concerns: geographical, institutional, and technological. This framework is reviewed and elaborated upon in order to examine the nature and extent to which British Columbia's global role with respect to staple production has changed with the severe recessionary conditions of the early 1980s. Evidence is drawn from a large firm-level survey of manufacturing, wholesaling, and producer service firms completed in 1988. It is concluded that Innis' staple theory remains an accurate account of British Columbia's trade performance.
74 citations
TL;DR: The importance of local conditions increases as time-space convergence continues and the world becomes increasingly well-connected, and the ability of information movement to shape patterns of innovation adoption weakens as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Current models of spatial diffusion largely overlook the role that local context plays in shaping diffusion patterns, emphasizing instead the importance of information flow and innovation delivery systems. Yet as time-space convergence continues and the world becomes increasingly well-connected, the ability of information movement to shape patterns of innovation adoption weakens. Conversely, the importance of local conditions increases. The adoption pattern of an innovation that is widely known and widely available at the very time it is diffusing is likely to be shaped by place-to-place differences in receptiveness to the innovation, rather than by the differential availability of information. Innovations that are adapted to local conditions will be well- received and likely adopted; those not adapted will be rejected. This expectation is confirmed by the examples of residential air conditioning and home food freezers, both innovations whose functions and technology were well known before they began thei...
56 citations
TL;DR: The debt crisis in Latin America has threatened urban living standards in many ways as mentioned in this paper and one that has been discussed relatively little is the effect on service and infrastructure provision in the region.
Abstract: The debt crisis in Latin America has threatened urban living standards in many ways. One that has been discussed relatively little is the effect on service and infrastructure provision. Having cont...
35 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the problem of worker displacement from the perspective of non-traditional corporate strategies and discuss three representative types of nontraditional corporate strategy in terms of their implications for policy.
Abstract: This article examines the problem of worker displacement from the perspective of non-traditional corporate strategies. Fundamentally different types of corporate strategies, reflecting different production contexts, such as Fordist and other modes of production, require different policy responses. In the past, policies addressing worker displacement have been post hoc, focusing principally on groups of unemployed people. New forms of work organization and management resilience offer the promise of developing policies that affect corporate strategy. Accordingly, policy may be designed to prevent worker displacement through constructive, not coercive, public- private sector coordination. Three representative types of non-traditional corporate strategies are identified and discussed in terms of their implications for policy. The concluding section discusses the geographic implications of people-targeted policies in terms of the geography of urban labor markets in the contemporary U.S. industrial environment.
26 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a representative sample of electronics plants showed that territorial location is a far more important determinant of interregional and local integration than the temporal parameter, and a narrow focus on takeoff dynamics that does not incorporate the territorial dimension would therefore provide an inadequate explanation of Korea's emergence in electronics production and of the domesti...
Abstract: The growth of Korea's electronics industry has been characterized by two major takeoffs that have turned this nation into a major global producer in less than two decades. These export-driven takeoffs involved rapid technological shifts that emphasized production in different electronics sectors and utilized Korea's most significant international advantage, low-cost labor. In this process, Korea's territorial division of labor has played a major role, promoting substantial concentration in the primate metropolitan region during each takeoff, while a process of dispersion occurs during intertakeoff periods. Statistical tests with a representative sample of electronics plants show that territorial location is a far more important determinant of interregional and local integration than the temporal parameter. A narrow focus on takeoff dynamics that does not incorporate the territorial dimension would therefore provide an inadequate explanation of Korea's emergence in electronics production and of the domesti...
26 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a conceptual framework integrating production and reproduction issues in the Latin American urban context is presented, which identifies central concepts in need of further theoretical and empiri cation.
Abstract: This essay presents a conceptual framework integrating production and reproduction issues in the Latin American urban context. We identify central concepts in need of further theoretical and empiri...
TL;DR: The economic and spatial evolution of Toronto's garment industry during the early 20th century is examined in this paper, where two stages of development are outlined: the 1901-1915 period was marked by the rapid growth of large, vertically integrated clothing factories and this trend was reversed after 1915, when small, vertically disintegrated clothing firms began to recapture the market for ready-made apparel.
Abstract: The economic and spatial evolution of Toronto's garment industry during the early 20th century is examined. Two stages of development are outlined. The 1901–1915 period was marked by the rapid growth of large, vertically integrated clothing factories. This trend was reversed after 1915, however, when small, vertically disintegrated clothing firms began to recapture the market for ready-made apparel. These economic changes were accompanied by equally profound shifts in the geography of clothing production. An explanation for the discontinuous evolution of clothing production must include a careful investigation of the relationship between labor and capital, the nature of subcontracting, and the ethnic composition of the garment work force. In focusing on the clothing industry, this study highlights some of the limitations of the concept of Fordism as it is currently used in economic geography. Fordist forms of production and labor organization were introduced by garment manufacturers during the early 20th ...
TL;DR: In this paper, a dynamic analysis of price data is employed to examine evidence used to define the geographic market in a competition law case in light of the theoretical predictions, while other relationships that neither monopoly nor perfect competition predicts are expected in such oligopolies.
Abstract: Market delineation research has generally been based on theories of monopoly and competition, but most studies of market structure and performance and most competition law cases are concerned with oligopolies. Key predictions of monopoly/perfect competition theory do not hold under spatially interrelated oligopoly, while other relationships that neither monopoly nor perfect competition predicts are expected in such oligopolies. Thus, analysis of economic market delineation is extended to include spatial oligopoly. A dynamic analysis of price data is then employed to examine evidence used to define the geographic market in a competition law case in light of the theoretical predictions.
TL;DR: A product of the 1985 International Conference on Asian Urbanization as discussed by the authors, it contains 20 papers including an initial description of trends and prospects and a review of the literature, and country-specific reviews are then presented for India Pakistan China and Taiwan.
Abstract: This book is a product of the International Conference on Asian Urbanization held in Akron Ohio in April 1985. It contains 20 papers including an initial description of trends and prospects and a review of the literature. Country-specific reviews are then presented for India Pakistan China and Taiwan. The remaining papers are grouped under the general headings of regional and metropolitan effects of urbanization case studies in urban development and issues and policies for urban development. (ANNOTATION)
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a mathematical model of the space economy in the context of full-capitalist competition, and analyze its inherent disequilibrium processes disrupting any equilibrating tendencies and the contradictory, conflictual, and inconstant nature of the capitalist space economy.
Abstract: Recent theoretical debates in economic geography are not reducible to a dispute between alternative economic theories, but are dominated nonetheless by neoclassical vs Marxist paradigms. Logical foundations of a Marxist model of the capitalist space economy are presented using mathematical models, enabling insight into unsolved theoretical debates and a more trenchant critique of neoclassical propositions. The equilibrium geography of production resulting from full capitalist competition is laid out, but analysis of this reveals both inherent disequilibrium processes disrupting any equilibrating tendencies and the contradictory, conflictual, and inconstant nature of the capitalist space economy. Models of the space economy are inseparable from social theory and social and political processes, and the very incorporation of space into these models challenges some well-known propositions from non-spatial economic theory.
TL;DR: It is concluded that studies of physician production and reproduction in the Latin American city must go beyond "doctor bashing" if the authors are to understand the transformation of health care delivery.
Abstract: Labor disenfranchisement has rarely focused on skilled labor such as physicians. In Latin America, physicians play a key role in social production and reproduction. This paper traces the loss of ph...
TL;DR: The relationship between state housing programs and elite social classes are fundamental to understanding contemporary urban development in Latin America as mentioned in this paper, and the broader implications of this case study for the development of Latin American cities are explored.
Abstract: The relationships between state housing programs and elite social classes are fundamental to understanding contemporary urban development in Latin America. This investigation of the territorial development process starts by examining the distinct class interests within different urban regions of Nicaragua. It then explicates how state housing programs in Managua became a lucrative source of private capital for a particular social faction. Next, it analyzes the way in which the profits from housing were used as venture capital in a broader strategy to secure the class hegemony of this group. Finally, the broader implications of this case study for the development of Latin American cities are explored. Investigating the development of Latin American cities provides an excellent opportunity to identify the web of relation
TL;DR: Findings are that contraceptive availability is not sufficient to contraceptive use; creation of a favorable attitude toward contraception and support from Islamic religious leaders appear to the necessary prerequisites to more widespread fertility control.
Abstract: To elucidate the determinants of contraceptive use or nonuse in rural Bangladesh Fishbeins behavioral intention model was modified and applied to survey data collected in 1984 in the Ghatail upazila of the Tangail district. The proposed behavioral model consists of 5 independent variables: global attitude global motivation to comply motivation toward fertility regulation method-specific attitude and method-specific availability. Of the 193 respondents surveyed 152 expressed an intention not to use oral contraceptives (OCs)--the most accessible method in the survey area--and were generally negative about any form of contraceptive use. As expected the 41 women who did intend to use OCs had a positive global attitude toward contraception. Global motivation to comply scores were negative for women who had no plans to become OC users largely because of a belief that the Islamic religion prohibits contraceptive use. Concern about religion was a greater obstacle to these women than the perceived reaction of their husband and friends to OC use. The aggregate score on motivation for fertility regulation was positive suggesting that respondents still desire more children. The pill received a negative method-specific score due to perceptions that it is unreliable and causes side effects. The mean distance to a source of OCs (method availability) was 2.55 miles among women who intended not to use the pill and 2.34 miles among potential acceptors. Stepwise logistic regression analysis indicated that global attitude and global motivation were the most significant predictors of intent to use OCs; the only other significant variable was method-specific attitude. The implications of these findings are that contraceptive availability is not sufficient to contraceptive use; creation of a favorable attitude toward contraception and support from Islamic religious leaders appear to the necessary prerequisites to more widespread fertility control.
TL;DR: In this paper, the pivotal role of the state in the politics of agriculture being played out on the landscape in Sudan is examined, and it is argued that geographic research must come to terms with the operation of state in order to conceptualize clearly the allocation of rural resources and the transformation of agrarian economies.
Abstract: This paper examines the pivotal role of the state in the politics of agriculture being played out on the landscape in Sudan. It is argued that geographic research must come to terms with the operation of the state in order to conceptualize clearly the allocation of rural resources and the transformation of agrarian economies. An in-depth case study demonstrates how the state has intervened on the behalf of those who operate mechanized agricultural schemes in the central rainlands of Sudan. It is concluded that the variegated assistance for schemes reflects the sustained exercise of class interests located in the Sudanese state.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the geography of worker safety regulation and explore the appropriate locus of state intervention and legal interpretation in the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA).
Abstract: This paper, in exploring the geography of worker safety regulation, addresses a central question of state action, that of the appropriate locus of state intervention and legal interpretation. Should the power to make and define law be vested with a local community or with a centralized federal agency? Using two recent U.S. case law rulings concerning occupational safety and health law as examples, this analysis questions a central formalist assumption that this dilemma can be decided in an objective and “removed” fashion. Far from constructing acontextual interpretations, the courts in the two cases appear to approach the issue from fundamentally opposed positions, embodying contending visions of the geographic constitution of political action. These interpretations are, it is suggested, symptomatic of deeply rooted ambivalences and tensions within the state apparatus—and, indeed, within civil society—concerning place and law. Formalism and federalism, far from seamless discourses, appear beset by powerfu...
TL;DR: In this paper, a unique data set showing ownership linkages of domestic enterprises between 82 districts in Austria for 1973 and 1981 makes it possible to identify some ways in which these changes have affected the geography of organizational control within the nation.
Abstract: The economic restructuring faced by Austria in the 1970s has had a considerable impact on the organization of commodity production. A unique data set showing ownership linkages of domestic enterprises between 82 districts in Austria for 1973 and 1981 makes it possible to identify some ways in which these changes have affected the geography of organizational control within the nation. Using a fourfold partition of the manufacturing sector, it is demonstrated that the nature of these changes depends on the capital and labor requirements of the production process used in an industry and on the articulation of production processes with external competition, state ownership, and the implementation of new production and communications technologies during this time period.
TL;DR: The Growth and Structure of Agricultural Output Prices, Policies and Prosperity Making and Using the Land The Changing Distribution of Crops The Productivity of the Land Land Use, Livestock and Densities The Ownership of Farmland Farmers and their Land Farm Distribution and Layout The Rise and Fall of the Farm Population Power on the Land Types of Farming and Agricultural Regions Farming in the Lowlands - Mixed Farming and its Decline Pigs and Poultry From Market Gardening to Horticulture Dairying Farming in Uplands as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The Growth and Structure of Agricultural Output Prices, Policies and Prosperity Making and Using the Land The Changing Distribution of Crops The Productivity of the Land Land Use, Livestock and Densities The Ownership of Farmland Farmers and their Land Farm Distribution and Layout The Rise and Fall of the Farm Population Power on the Land Types of Farming and Agricultural Regions Farming in the Lowlands - Mixed Farming and its Decline Pigs and Poultry From Market Gardening to Horticulture Dairying Farming in the Uplands.