Education in Medicine Journal 

About: Education in Medicine Journal is an academic journal published by Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Medicine & Curriculum. It has an ISSN identifier of 2180-1932. It is also open access. Over the lifetime, 426 publications have been published receiving 2706 citations.

ABC of Content Validation and Content Validity Index Calculation

Abstract: There are five sources of validity evidence that are content, response process, internal structure, relation to other variables, and consequences. Content validity is the extent of a measurement tool represents the measured construct and it is considered as an essential evidence to support the validity of a measurement tool such as a questionnaire for research. Since content validity is vital to ensure the overall validity, therefore content validation should be performed systematically based on the evidence and best practice. This paper describes a systematic approach to quantify content validity in the form of content validity index based on the evidence and best practice.

Kahoot: A Promising Tool for Formative Assessment in Medical Education

Abstract: Introduction: The main purpose of formative assessment is to improve students’ learning. The formative assessment should be seen as a part of the learning process. Game-based learning has become more common in the education and one of the emerging game-based learning platform used in education institutions is Kahoot. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of using Kahoot as a formative assessment tool in undergraduate medical education and identifies association between gender and their preference of this platform. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on year 1 medical students in USM School of Medical Sciences. 113 participants took part. The study used survey Kahoot platform. It consists of 12-item questions. Data were collected via Kahoot survey platform. Result: A total of 113 subjects participated in this study. 36 (31.9%) males and 77 (68.1%) females, 66 (58.4%) were Malays and the rest were non-Malay. All the items received at least medium score of 3 except for items 3, 9 and 12 in which these three items received median score of 4. There were significant medium scores difference between male and female students for item 2 and item 6. Conclusion: Kahoot is an innovative way of formative assessment platform. This tool is feasible and practical and it makes learning fun and enjoyable thus motivates the students to learn.

Guidelines for Online Assessment in Emergency Remote Teaching during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated a shift to emergency remote teaching (ERT) for educational institutions worldwide, including medical schools. To help faculty design online assessments, guidelines available in the internet were compiled and nine common themes were identified. These nine guidelines for online assessment were discussed in the light of ERT as well as relevance to health professions education. The guidelines include: Evaluate prerequisites for implementing online assessment; ensure alignment of assessment activities with stated learning objectives; address the diversity of students’ situations; maintain a good balance of formative and summative assessments; stimulate student learning with online assessment; consider format; scheduling and timing of tests; establish clear communication to students regarding assessment matters; ensure high-quality feedback; and address assessment validity threats.

Knowledge, attitudes and barriers related to participation of medical students in research in three Arab Universities

Abstract: Background: Exposure to training in research is essential in the medical curriculum. There have been previous studies which attempted to evaluate the knowledge regarding, and attitude towards medical research in undergraduate medical students in various countries. In this study we attempted to assess the research related knowledge and attitudes across three Arab Universities namely King Faisal University (Saudi Arabia), Arab Gulf University (Bahrain) and Kuwait University (Kuwait). Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was employed in which all medical students' form 3 rd onwards was targeted for inclusion. Anonymous self administered pilot tested questionnaire were used for data collection to assess the students' knowledge related to, attitude towards and perceived barriers to scientific research. The attitude and knowledge scores were correlated with other variables e.g. year of study, schooling background and admission score. Results: A total of 423 completed responses were received. The knowledge score was on the lower side- mean of 3.6±1.7 on 10 questions; meanwhile the majority of the students had a positive attitude towards scientific research. Many perceived barriers were highlighted by the students such as a shortage of time and a lack of adequate mentoring . Conclusions: The study showed a moderately high attitude score towards research, but coupled with a low knowledge score. This could be related to various perceived barriers to undergraduate research. These barriers need to be addressed and also integration of research into the undergraduate curriculum is needed to ensure an improvement in the quality and quantity of undergraduate medical research.

A Web-based Sample Size Calculator for Reliability Studies

Abstract: Planning a validation study of a questionnaire or measurement tool requires consideration for testing the validity and reliability aspects of the measurement tool. When it comes to the reliability aspect, a number of commonly used statistical coefficients such as Cronbach’s alpha, intraclass correlation, kappa and Pearson’s correlation coefficients would be considered to provide empirical evidence of the reliability of the tool during the validation process. To ensure that the reliability is accurately assessed, a researcher must consider the sample size requirement for the statistical analyses. In this article, I will introduce a newly developed web-based sample size calculator, which includes the ability to calculate the sample sizes of these four important coefficients. I will also show how to use the calculator for each of the coefficients.