Showing papers in "Estudios Fronterizos in 2008"

Poverty and Inequality in Mexico after NAFTA: Challenges, Setbacks and Implications

Abstract: This article analyzes the progress obtained in diminishing poverty and inequality in Mexico during the post-NAFTA years ranging from 1994 to 2007, and how it pertains to the broad critical debate surrounding poverty-gap reduction in the context of regional and international economic integration and trade liberalization. Specifically, the article discusses the evolution of Mexican rural and urban poverty, income and regional disparities, as well as the role of government spending after the enactment of NAFTA and within the framework of economic liberalization marked by expanded international trade and investment, particularly with the United States.

Redes globales de producción y proveedores locales: los empresarios sonorenses frente a la expansión de la industria automotriz

Abstract: Within the context of the severe crisis faced by the U.S. based automotive firms, one of their strategies has been the relocation of the assembly plants in Mexico. This article analyzes the case of the automotive cluster led by Ford in Hermosillo, in the Mexican state of Sonora, showing that this type of clusters led by transnational corporations create technological spillovers and stimulate the accumulation of local capabilities. Particular attention is given to the process of creation of local small and medium enterprises linked to global production networks.

Artículos de investigación sobre comunicación y cultura en torno a Baja California, 1976-2007: Un compendio razonado

Abstract: This work presents a systematized count of those articles published in peer-reviewed academic journals in Mexico and abroad, which contents refer to issues of communication and culture concerning Baja California. The essay begins showing an overview on the development of communication studies in the region and then moves on to elaborate a descriptive analysis to organize and categorize the hemerographic references.

Incorporación de la mujer al mercado de trabajo y desarrollo regional en Chihuahua

Abstract: This paper explores the relationship between economic development and the entrance of women into the labor market. In particular are reviewed the links between female labor force participation [FLFP] and several variables associated to development –economic structure, income level, poverty, inequality, marginalization, human development and other specific gender indicators. This essay analyses the case of the municipalities of the mexican northern state of Chihuahua. Based on the empirical study it is proposed a causal relationship framework between the FLFP and the development of regions. This paper concludes that women participation in the economy has a significant impact on development; therefore, regions must formulate public policies in order to achieve more opportunities for the incorporation of women into the labor market.

Cooperación y desarrollo territorial en el espacio fronterizo del norte de Marruecos

Abstract: The North of Morocco, like border regional space with Spain and the European Union, is object of an intense process of promotion of policies and programs of cooperation of diverse institutions (UN, European Union, agencies of cooperation, among others) that have interests in the zone, such as: fortification of a growth, safety ring in a strategic zone of the rent by the existence of a high step between neighbors, creation of a new policy of vicinity based on semi-integration, reduction of the emigration, etcetera. Question that agrees with a determined policy of the Moroccan government to relaunch socially and economically this space: process of regionalizacion and dowry of institutions (Agency for the Promotion of the Development in the Regions of the North), design of a strategy of growth based on the human development, and more. This paper analizes the reasons of this process, the geographic reality and the socioeconomic characterization of the border area. At the same time, it diagnoses the weaknesses and opportunities for the joint of new policies of cooperation and development for the actors who look for a territorial development in this border area, today in crisis.

Religión, grupos étnicos y procesos de estratificación social en los Estados Unidos: El caso de los mexicanos y chinos desde una perspectiva comparativa

Abstract: Through this article we are offering a global view of a theory that ex- plains and contributes to the understanding of the position of ethnic groups in the United States within the social hierarchy. This research is focused toward a com- parative analysis of Mexican and Chinese groups starting considering the follow- ing Weberian statements: a) one that considers the influence of ideas and religious beliefs in the economic behavior of individuals, b) and, another one that conceives religions as ethical vehicles liable to inhibit or stimulate the process of social strati- fication. In sum, this deals trying to consider the influence of diverse elements of religious culture in the makeup of certain economic behavior and context which is capable of vitalizing or hindering group dynamism in the social scale. This behav- ior is remarkably related to: a) money in all its modalities, savings, expenses, in- vestments, loans, etc., b) work and entrepreneur business, and c) family and

Capital humano e ingresos en la manufactura de Tijuana y Mexicali, 1994-2001

Abstract: This work study the income of the Tijuana and Mexicali industrial manu- facturing worker as a function of the schooling level and work experience through a human capital econometric model. Information from the National Survey of Urban Employment (ENEU), was used in a representative data base with a sample of 184 observations for Tijuana between 1994 and 2001 (8 years and 23 industrial branches) and 112 observations for Mexicali between 1998 and 2001 (4 years and 28 industrial branches). Schooling was most important than work experience in the income deter- mination of the Tijuana and Mexicali industrial workers. This means that in the local labor market, the educational level is a key factor in the wage negotiation.

El Programa de Apoyo Financiero a Organismos de la Sociedad Civil en Tijuana: la construcción de la relación entre la sociedad civil y el gobierno municipal a partir de la alternancia política

Abstract: This document analyzes the relations between society and government that took place with the Financial Aid to Civil Society Organizations Program in Tijuana. The decentralization process of social policy in Mexico is revised as the context in which new programs and initiatives are developed promoting a stronger participation of the society in the policy process. The reflection on the social policy of the National Action Party in Baja California since 1989, has lead us to see the new challenges that the Financial Aid to Civil Society Organizations Program presents to the local and state government and the social organizations.

Convergencia absoluta y condicional en los municipios del estado de Sonora, 1989-2004

Abstract: Resumen. Este trabajo pretende identificar la existencia de convergencia, tanto absoluta como condicional, para los municipios que conforman el estado de Sonora. Tomando como base el ejercicio metodologico de Mankiw, Romer y Weill (1992) que consideran primero el modelo de Solow (1956) y luego le hacen una ampliacion incluyendo el capital humano, se encontro evidencia de que no hay una tendencia a que los municipios pobres crezcan mas rapido que los municipios ricos, lo que significa que no hay un proceso de convergencia –ni absoluta ni condicional– en los municipios de Sonora, independientemente del estrato de desarrollo en el que estos se encuentren clasificados: municipios con desarrollo alto, medio o bajo. Palabras clave: desarrollo municipal, convergencia absoluta, convergencia condicional, capital humano, valor agregado municipal.

Circunscripciones distritales locales e inequidad de la representación: El caso de Baja California, 1992-2004

Abstract: Regardless of the reformist advancements of the election system, there are still unresolved issues. In the case of Mexico and in the midst of a debate on our transition process we place the issue of district overrepresentation, wich by generating multiple effects configures a point of deep discussion thus concerning the system of representation, the integration of the house of representatives, the parties system and above all it puts a debate on the following premise: "a vote per citizen", that is, the principle of equalness in democracy, which translated to the field of elections means, as Bovero stated, assigning an equal-valve decition quota to each citizen. In the case of Baja California, our purpose is to demonstrate that the issues related to the deficient district representation, the integration of the parties within the house of representatives, and as a consequence the athrophy of the parties system continue to be an actual problem on this transition process that haven't been able to trascend the margins of regional and local dynamics of politics and power. This study includes an analysis of territorial-demography of legislative representation of Baja California, taking as a reference all research undertaken on similar phenomena by Diego Reynoso, FLACSO researcher.

La política interregional de la Unión Europea en el encuentro Asia-Europa (ASEM)

Abstract: During 1996 the Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) was created with the pur- pose of constituting a mechanism of nonexistent interregional dialogue until that moment and that united the both extremes of the eurasian territorial mass: East Asia (represented by group ANSEA 3) and Europe (represented by the European Union). The expectations erected at the moment of ASEM's creation were many, but with the years it has demonstrated a set of limits that has diminished its effec- tiveness, at least in the area of the political dialogue. In this paper is described the particular experience of the diplomacy of the European Union in the mechanism of the ASEM, the kind of interregional policy that this one has implemented and the contradictions that it has had to tolerate with respect to his own legal and institu- tional exigencies. In the paper it is argued that, despite its limits, the ASEM can be a referential case on the reaction of the European Union forehead to the transfor- mation that in historical terms means the political and economic emergency of Asia in the international system.