Showing papers in "Fashion & Textile Research Journal in 2007"

Influences of Consumers' Fashion Innovativeness and Technological Innovativeness on Attitudes and Buying Intention toward Smart Clothing

Abstract: Smart Clothing is digital wear progressed from wearable computer that the function of clothing is unified with that of a computer to extend human ability in everyday life. To study consumers' perception and responses toward the Smart Clothing, this study tested the influence of fashion innovativeness and technological innovativeness on attitudes and buying intention related to the Smart Clothing. Data were collected through a survey with 256 male and female adults in age from 18 to 45 year old. The results of Pearson correlation analysis revealed that there was not a positive relationship between fashion innovativeness and technological innovativeness. Multiple regression analysis indicated that fashion innovativeness was a significant predictor of attitudes and buying intention regarding the Smart Clothing. In addition, respondents were classified into four groups according to the scores of their fashion innovativenss and technological innovativeness. A series of ANOVA and Duncan test were used to determine if significant differences existed among four groups. The group having high level of innovativeness on both fashion and technology had the most positive attitudes toward smart clothing. The individuals having cognitive experiences of the Smart Clothing had higher level of fashion innovativeness and more positive attitudes to it. Based on these findings, recommendations for the developer of Smart Clothing and future research are offered.

An Analysis of Environmentally Conscious Consumers' Features and Their Awareness of Green Fashion Products -Focusing on female residents of Seoul(Comparison between 1999 and 2007)-

Abstract: The study aims to examine consumer awareness of green fashion products and demographic characteristics by subdividing environmentally conscious consumers of such products in the current domestic fashion market. It then compares the result with the characteristics of environmentally conscious consumers studied by 1999 in order to understand the trend of the consumer group in the fashion market and to promote the use of green fashion products. Marketing strategies for green fashion products suggested by the study are as follows: First, fashion firms are required to develop and publicize shops selling recycled or second-hand clothing that environmentally conscious consumers show constant interest. For instance, clothing patterns may be developed to enable consumers to make their kids' clothing easily at home, and various garments made from recycled materials may stimulate environmentally conscious consumers' desire to buy. Particularly, advanced technologies should be developed and publicized to manufacture garments that can excel existing ones made of normal materials in their features in order to satisfy consumers' interest in clothing made from recycled PET bottles. In addition, various natural dyes should be developed to decrease water pollution. Second, it seems imperative to develop clothing made of recycled knitted apparel that attracts consumers' interest more than ever, fashionable multi-purpose clothing, and environmentally friendly materials. As the use of natural fur or leather can cause the endangerment of wild animals and the destruction of the ecosystem, synthetic fur or leather may be used to develop sophisticated products with the same texture as real ones to attract environmentally conscious consumers' interest.

The Effect Chemyon Sensitivity on Wedding Beauty Consumption Behavior

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Chemyon(social-face) on wedding consumption behavior. To perform this study, the questionnaires were administered to 305 women in seoul and the data were analyzed by Frequency, Factor Analysis, and Multiple Regression Analysis. In the result of factors analysis, Chemyon factors were divided into being formal, being conscious of other people, and being ashamed. Consumption behaviors were divided into pursuit of high quality, pursuit of individuality, pursuit of actual profit, and pursuit of fashion. In the result of this study, the more people give an account of formality, the more they behave pursuit of high quality and the less they behave pursuit of individuality and fashion. The more they make much importance of being conscious of other people, the more they pursue consumption of individuality and fashion. Also the more high consumption of fashion, the less they have being conscious of other people. Therefore we can find through this study that Chemyon has an influence on wedding-beauty consumption behavior.

Dyeing Properties and Antimicrobial Activity of Soybean Fiber with Gromwell Colorants

Abstract: Dyeing properties of soybean fabrics on gromwell colorants were studied for the effect of dyeing conditions, such as colorants concentration, temperature, time and pH on the dye uptake and effect of mordants on color change, dye uptake and various colorfastness Antimicrobial activity of soybean fabrics dyed and sim-mordanted with gromwell colorants was examined by shake flask method Gromwell colorants showed considerably affinity to soybean fabric and its isotherm adsorption curve was Freundlich type Therefore, it is considered that hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals force were involved in the adsorption of gromwell colorants to soybean fabric Soybean fabrics showed R color on Al, Cu and Sn mordant, RP color on Cr and Fe mordant, but soybean fabrics showed low dye uptake depending on mordanting treatment Light colorfastness was increased for Cr and Fe mordants Staphylococcus aureus reduction rates were above 90% for Cr and Cu mordanted soybean fabrics, and the others were poor Klebsiella pneumoniae reduction rates soybean fabrics did not show reduction rate hardly

The Evaluation of Newness and Innovativeness of Smart Clothing

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the components of newness and product innovativeness of smart clothing, and to examine the evaluation of newness and innovativeness of smart clothing according to the consumer innovativeness. The survey was conducted on male and female subjects aged from 17 to 50. A total of 338 valid responses were used for the analysis. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the evaluation of smart clothing newness consisted of five items: 'novel', 'modern', 'original', 'fresh' and 'up-to-date'. The evaluation of smart clothing innovativeness consisted of two dimensions. One is the evaluation of innovativeness as clothing and the other is the evaluation of innovativenss as electronic devices. The validity of two dimensions were verified by confirmatory factor analysis. The results of ANOVA and Duncan test indicated that there were differences in the evaluation of newness and smart clothing innovativenss according to consumer innovativeness.

The Effect of Internet Shopping Mall Characteristics, Consumer Shopping Propensity on Perceived Shopping Values and Satisfaction

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to find out the important factors and efficient strategies concerning internet mar- keting. The areas of study interest are, the characteristics of on-line shopping mall and the consumer shopping propensity. To do this, a 24-item Internet shopping mall characteristics and a 13-item consumer shopping propensity variables were developed to collect data from the 230 samples. The sample population composed mainly of, the college students and busi- ness man who had recent on-line shopping experiences on apparel goods. The 4-item satisfaction measure was used as the dependent variable. Also, a 11-item perceived shopping value measure was developed and measured to explore the mediating effect in the path between the endogenous and exogenous variables. Findings indicate that the characteristics of Internet shopping mall significantly contribute to the utilitarian shopping values, while the consumer shopping pro- pensity contributes to the utilitarian and hedonic shopping values. In addition, the characteristics of internet shopping mall, the consumer shopping propensity, and shopping values are the good indicators for the consumer satisfaction.

Analysis of Foot Characteristics According to the Classification of Foot Types of Junior High School Girls

Abstract: The health of feet is connected with individual's health and affects a man's activity. Shoes need to be designed to protect feet and to absorb the impact of land. In order to choose suitable shoes for feet, the foot size and shape must be considered, so it is essential to grasp the exact size and shape of the foot. This study aims to present fundamental data on shoes' easy order prototype development for choosing shoes of good wearing comfort, by classifying feet size and shape junior high school boys in the early adolescent period. The subject were 217 Korean junior high school girls in age from 14 to 16 years old. The subjects were directly measured anthropometrically and indirectly analyzed photographically. 7 factors were extracted through factor analysis and those factors comprised 78.59% of total variance. The factors were characterized foot length, foot girth and width, foot shape around the fifth toes, foot shape around the first toes, angle of foot breadth, foot height, and foot length of upper foot. 3 clusters as their foot shape were categorized using 7 factor scores by cluster analysis. Type 1 had smaller in foot girth, width and length than other types and with deformed fifth toe. Type 2 had average size and high foot shape. Type 3 was characterized by long large foot with deformed first toe. The results would be a great support in producing and choosing appropriate shoes if forms are classified by subdividing foot form classification and extract a factor which shows only the foot sole shape.

A Study on the Latest Trend and Type Analysis of Fashion Brand's Retail Space - Focused on Retail Space of World Prestige Brand -

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to identify the latest trend and type of retail space, and the features according to type of retail space of global prestige brand. To do this, literature analysis was executed by related books, articles, and theses. As a result, the latest trend of fashion retail space which has appeared after 2000 is as follows: 1) The differentiation of fashion brand through collaboration between fashion designers and architects, 2) retail space extension strategy, 3) retail space as a cultural space, 4) bold investment for retail space. The type of fashion retail space which has appeared after 2000 is as follows: 1) Spectacular flagship retail space of monumental scale, 2) global type retail space which exhibits common features through the whole world, 3) localization retail space which shows different features according to store location 4) innovative retail space out of traditional store form. The result of this study will be utilized when a domestic fashion brand establishes global marketing strategy of retail space.

The Dyeing Properties of Cotton Fabric dyed with Purple Onion Shell Extract

Abstract: For the purpose of application to new natural dyestuff, the dyeability of Purple onion shell extract was analyzed. It was dyed in cotton fabric according to various dye weight, dyeing temperature, dyeing time. And the effects of mordanting conditions were examined as color differences and color fastnesses. The dyeaffinities were increased as were increased dye weight, especially 100% owf. The optimum dyeing condition of Purple onion shell extract was 40minutes at . The dyeaffinity was increased at pre-mordanted condition, and color difference was increased distinctly at post mordanted condition. The hue of all mordanted cotton fabrics changed into Yellow where as non mordanted cotton fabric was Red. The color fastnesses of mordanted cotton fabrics were generally not so god, but light fastness was improved in post-Cu mordanted fabric.

Conditions Conducting Continuous Business of Women and Men Manager Owned Small Apparel Stores

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate conditions conducting continuous business of men and women manager owned small apparel stores, and to compare differences on demographical characteristics of the managers, and then to reveal what conditions were important to make a profit in future by gender. Data were collected from 150 (71 from men and 79 from women) managers owned small apparel stores in Busan. The results showed as follows; Conditions conducting continuous business of women and men manager were five factors such as manger's commitment, grasping capability of the trend, employee, planning and capability on financial control. There were significant differences in the perception of gender, education, managerial period, non employment/employment and non experience/experience between women and men manager on the conditions. Also, in this study we revealed that men importantly perceived planning factor and women grasping capability of the trend to make a profit in future.

An Analysis on Priority of Clothing Evaluative Criteria using AHP

Abstract: This study aimed to develop priorities alternatives based on relative rather than absolute assignments on clothing evaluative criteria. The relative comparison approach includes much redundancy and is thus less sensitive to judgemental errors common to techniques using absolute assignments. By deriving evaluative criteria for consumers in choosing clothing, and considering their relative important or value in the priority of evaluation elements. When the consumer selects clothing, it requires multi-criteria decision making exercise and needs to make trade-offs between different alternatives. With an application of the AHP's hierarchical structuring and pair-wise comparisons, this study will determine the weight and priorities of evaluation factor in clothing evaluative criteria in choosing cloth, which will eventually lead to improve management. Items for the setting priority were decided as 'symbol', 'practicality', 'economy', 'vogue', and 'aesthetic' by council. The data for this research were collected from respondents of 108 females in Busan. Data were analyzed by frequency and AHP. As the results, 'economy' was decided as a most important item. And 'a fashionable color' evaluated as that of first priority in the totality evaluation elements.

A Study on Aesthetic Characteristics of T-shirt Design

Abstract: T-shirt has changed into advanced and stylish outwear by new paradigm, taste of consumer, awareness of recycling, spread of subculture, DIY culture, refusal of standardization and pursuit of high quality goods, etc. The purpose of this study was to analyze aesthetic characteristics of t-shirt designs that changed into diverse designs in world fashion college since 2000. The method of this study was to analyze documentaries, fashion magazines and internet fashion site. Aesthetic characteristics of t-shirt designs were expressed in deconstruction, mixture, integration and imitation. And each of external expressions and internal meanings was as follows: First, deconstruction was expressed in partial cutwork and three dimensional texture by sewing and construction drape. It means breaking the conventional structure and break-ing the boundary of t-shirt and another item and possibility of multi-vocal analysis. Second, mixture was expressed in collage of diverse ornaments, diverse fabrics and diverse patterns. It means exceeding the limit of material, elaboratenes and high quality of handwork, reflection of self-identity, brand image, fashion trend, consumer's psychology and mind of experimentation and couture. Third, integration was expressed in extension of length, width, use and style. It means unification of functions, deconstruction of items and extension of meanings and images. Forth, imitation was expressed in stain of dye, irregular and ripped sign, cut out, rough warp, drawing and washing, etc. It means subculture, rarity value, monopolization, diversity, familiarity, yearning and uniqueness.

Suggestion of the Structure for Development of Smart Pants with Vibrating Massaging Function

Abstract: As the digital environment gets ubiquitous, domestic and international research and development on smart clothing is being conducted actively these days. However, most research is being carried out with its center on upper garment. So research on lower garment is insufficient even though it affects wearer's activity and comfort to a great extent when digital devices are attached or wearers moves their body. Therefore, the type of clothes this research proposes is men's formal pants which have an electrically-vibrating wearable device. These are smart pants which are helpful in easing muscle pain with their massaging effect in daily life. For this purpose, this research intends to develop patterns considering the body shapes and movements of wearers and suggest a tentative structure plan for smart pants where a vibration device is attached, which is mainly composed of vibrating motor, controller, and switch, and considered their bulks, numbers, attaching places.

Marketing Strategies of Fashion Brands -Focused on the British, French, Italian Luxury Fashion Brands-

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyze characteristics and marketing strategies of the British, French and Italian luxury fashion brands. The subjects of this study are 27 fashion brands which have more than 50 years of tradition and are also members of the Walpole, Comit Colbert, and Altagamma. The common marketing strategies of the luxury fashion brands were; the renewals in the product concept which harmonized traditional elements with modern elements which are designed to meet the needs of new target consumers, the renewals in the promotion such as the large scale of advertising, the frequent publications about the brands, sponsorship of events, the renewals and expansion of distribution channels in global fashion cities, the opening of flagship shop and the renovation of existing shops. Simultaneous renewals in product concepts, in promotion and in distribution will be an effective marketing strategy. Also, a continuous investment in renewal strategies is a key to the success of luxury fashion brand renewals.

A Study on the Characteristics of Modern Fashion Design for Digital Nomadic Culture

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to delve into what type of expression mode of fashion design could suit the life style of digital nomads, as the appearance of nomadic life style was concurrent with people's modified way of thinking and sociocultural changes in today's digital society. It's basically meant to define the roles of fashion design, which was discussed as a way of improving the quality of life as a sort of 'culture,' and to suggest some of the right directions for fashion design in the future. The culture of today's digital era is marked by a pursuit of high mobility and high speed, and by nomadic disposition that is built on flexible thinking. The kind of design that lets people carry nomadic things with them and thereby improve their mobility can satisfy their needs for mobility, and body-friendly design that functions as a device of information in itself can meet their needs for mobility as well. The leading example of the latter is a wearable computer, and wearable scientific technology will be taken to another level, thanks to the advance in digital technology. In the future, that will be more accessible to people in general, and subminiature digital equipment will gain popularity in fashion industry as part of textiles and clothing or as an accessory. And specific kinds of design will be widespread, including variable design, multi-functional design and modular design. The first serves as a tool to protect the human body and to facilitate the adaptability of it to the given circumstances, and the second is characterized by a superb physical and psychological protectability. The third lets wearers bring design to completion at their own option, owing to an increase in the number of open-minded people and the development of interactive media. All these types of design could be called a wearer-friendly, human-oriented design that is specifically appropriate for the digital age. Wearers can actively be involved in design process as productive consumers, which is expected to help increase opener practices in fashion design sector.

The Physical Properties and Warmth retaining of Bedspread Jacquard Fabrics Using Filling Batt Yarn

Abstract: The results of warmth retaining, heat transfer and compressive elastic recovery of the five kinds of bedspread fabrics, which were produced from packing weft of 2700 denier and 3600 denier batt yarn treated with raw material of Polyester /48 DTY, are as follows: 1) 3600 denier packing weft showed lover count in compressive elastic recovery than 2700d packing weft, so it took longer time to recover. 2) When packing weft of the same count is used, a sample of packing weft with higher density showed lower recovery. 3) It took 2700d packing weft 30min to get approximately 98% recovery in temperature . But, 3600d packing weft stayed under 98% recovery in the same temperature. Considering only the result of compressive elastic recovery, we should use 2700d packing weft. 4) The higher the density of packing weft is, the higher warmth retaining becomes. Although sharp increase appeared until 5min, equilibrium was kept without any increase after that time. 5) When 2700d packing weft was used, the maximum warmth retaining was approximately 60% and 64% in the conditions of density 12(thread/in) and 22(thread/in) respectively.

An Empirical Study of the Store Image and Switching Barrier on Store Loyalty

Abstract: The goal of this study was to investigate the impacts of customer satisfaction, store image, and switching barrier on store loyalty of the clothes shops at a large-scale discount store. The subjects were 357 female adults living in Suncheon City, Jeollanam Province. The questionnaires were conveniently sampled from June 1 to 30, 2006. The collected data were factor and reliability analyzed using the SPS program. And LISREL was used to test and evaluate the relationships between the constructs through confirmatory factor analysis and covariance structure analysis. Among the six hypotheses set in the research model, total four were selected through empirical analysis and the rest two were rejected. The analysis results were useful in making a conceptual model that could keep the simplicity about store loyalty and had increased explanatory power. Thus it turned out the deciding factors of store loyalty for the clothes shop at a discount store were customer satisfaction and switching barrier rather than store image. Customer satisfaction had the biggest influences on store loyalty among the expected variables. Considering the direct impacts of switching barrier on store loyalty, it's important to work on switching barrier along with customer satisfaction in order to maintain the customers' store loyalty. The efforts to identify the various factors of store loyalty in addition to switching barrier, customer satisfaction, and store image will lead to such marketing strategies as can vitalize the clothes shops at a large discount store.

A Study on the Fashion Styling for Personal Image Making

Abstract: In the 21th century, the age of image, people express and evaluate with images. Image is a symbol of a person or a thing. It simulates people's visual sense most quickly and precisely and is shared in the society. At the time, since it is acknowledged that there are few books available and lack of theoretical system with regard to image making, the purpose of this study was to get a theoretical access to image making by taking as an empirical case the case of Choi Byeongryeol, a candidate running for the congress in June 4, 1998 and combining it with theories of costume. Research methods employed here were to investigate the theoretical system of image making and fashion direction, and to analyze empirical cases. The boundary of the empirical case was limited to the candidate's fashion direction during the election period for 50 days from April 1998 to the election date June 4, 1998. The results of this study are as follows. First, personal image making aims at the establishment of one's own identity through building up an ideal image. Second, it is found that personal image making can make a complete image possible through fashion direction. Third, it is found that fashion direction functions as a symbol and communicative means with a result that the effect can penetrate to the society accurately and quickly. Fourth, it is found that fashion direction fit for a situation can enhance personal values and reinforce his or her competitive power to carry out the ultimate goals in the society. This study proved that fashion styling for personal image making expresses a person in a symbolic image, enhances his/her personal value in the society and, ultimately, contributes to the establishment of an individual's identity.

PCM Technology Development Trends of Korea and USA by Patent Analysis of Phase Change Material Related to Textile Products

Abstract: Phase change material-related patents filed at Korea Institute of Patent Information(KIPI) and United States Patent and Trademark Office(USPTO) were analyzed for understanding the PCM's technological level of Korea and providing the information for establishing the research development policy concerned with high technology fibers. Patent data from 1980 to 2005 collected from KIPI and USPTO internet sites were examined using the number of patents and share of assignees in patents. The contents of patent were classified according to IPC(International Patent Classification) and assignees were divided into individual and firm/public body. The results of comparing total number of patents in USA with that in Korea showed USA had as 2.3 times as Korea had. The number of patents of USA had increased steadily since 1980 whereas that of Korea sharply since 2001. The number of patents of Korea from 2001 to 2005 was more than that of USA. USA was specialized in fundamental technology and Korea was specialized in application area with PCM. Assignees who had the most patents were firms and the next were individuals. Assignees who applied for several patents were more in USA than in Korea and patent application numbers per the assignees were higher for USA.

A Comparative of the Harmany of Tone on Tone Coloration according to Transformation of Color Area-Ratio in Shirt and Necktie

Abstract: The purpose of this research was to compare the harmony of tone on tone coloration according to transformation of color area-ratio in shirt and necktie. The respondents were asked to evaluate 48 stimuli of the shirt and necktie with the coloration of the shirt/necktie, the necktie/shirt was separately compounded to be 4 tones such as vivid, light, dull, dark. The subjects were 288 female undergraduate students. The data was analyzed by using SPSS program. Analysis methods were ANOVA, LSD test and t-test. The results of each can be summerized as follows. As to the red, combination of v-lt made a difference in the harmony of coloration according to the transformation of color area-ratio. As to the blue, combination of v-lt, v-dk, lt-d made a difference in the harmony of coloration according to the transformation of color area-ratio. As to the purple, v-lt, v-d was evaluated as harmonized coloration regardless of area-ratio by both male and female students. As to the green, v-lt, lt-d was evaluated as harmonized coloration regardless of area-ratio by both male and female students.

A Classifying Model of Korean Fashion Brands for Global Strategy Development

Abstract: This study was designed to make a proposal of a classifying model of Korean fashion brands as the first step in a long-term research plan developing a globalization roadmap for Korean fashion industry. On the basis of ownership advantages of a brand which included firm level attributes and brand level characteristics, fashion brands were classified into eight types. The proposed model was expected to provide an efficient and meaningful framework in developing global strategies both for academic and practical purposes. The model proposed four major categories of fashion brands including manufacturer brands, designer brands, retailer brands, and non-brands. Manufacturer brands were further classified into three groups of conglomerate fashion brands, fashion brands, and sports-specialized brands. Non-brands included small/very small-sized manufacturer non-brands, small/very small-sized non-brands, and OEM/ODM exporters. The classifying dimensions, brand type characteristics, and the globalization approach were discussed. Methods to test the reliability and validity of classifying were also discussed in the text.

A Study on Dyeing of Gray Tone Using Green Tea

Abstract: This study aims to attain gray tone dyed goods by using tannin that is contained in green tea. Tannin is given general name of polyphenol, which has a characteristic that bonds with protein and it is used for food preservative that protects against bacteria, as well as its purpose of black tone dye for silk treatment that has been processed since its early ages. In particular, as tannin reacts with all kinds of metallic mordant and changes to various colors, when tannin acid is combined with iron, it becomes tannin steel and produces gray tone color. Tannin that is contained in green tea is condensed tannins and its structure does not hydrolyze, thus having flavan type structure. In order to find the suitable condition for processing tannin, UV-Vis part absorption spectrum of green tea tannin, dye ability based on temperature and time, reflection rate based on concentration, color changes based on acid treatment and alkali treatment, changes on surface based on concentration or metal mordant condition, and lightfastness were measured. Maximum absorption wavelength () of green tea tannin was at around 273nm, while strong absorption was also observed at below 350 nm. Dye ability of green tea tannin is done more easily on silk rather than cellulose fibers such as cotton, while the optimum condition for dyeing was observed to be at , for 20 minutes. As a result of acid treatment, the color of dye material consisted highly of gray tones and showed overall gray tone with the combined color of yellow and red after the alkali treatment. While it was observed that as dye concentration and metal mordant concentration increased, the color changed at counter-clockwise direction on the Y-scale of Munsell's scale of colors. Additionally, lightfastness was more on a normal fading.

The Relationship Among Relationship Quality, Loyalty for Perceived Service Quality on Department Stores

Abstract: In this study, relationship model of relationship quality and loyalty for perceived service quality on department store is proposed and empirically tested. Service quality factors were defined as Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Empathy. Relationship quality were defined as customers' overall satisfaction and customer trust. A LISREL model was used to develop dimensions of service quality and to investigate the structural relationship among perceived service quality, relationship quality(customer satisfaction and trust) and loyalty on department stores. The empirical results were as follows; First, Tangible, Responsiveness, Assurance and Empathy of service quality factors have a positive effect on customers' overall satisfaction. Second, customers' overall satisfaction have a positive effect on customer trust. Third, relationship quality have a positive effect on loyalty of customer; customers' overall satisfaction and customer trust have a positive effect on loyalty of customer. At the end of this paper, discussion, managerial implications, limitations and future research directions were suggested.

The Soil Removal of Artificially Soiled Fabrics with Commercial Detergents at Various Washing Conditions

Abstract: Formulations of compact and supercompact heavy-duty detergents, which are being used widely around the world, differ from those of conventional heavy-duty detergents. Significant differences in composition exist between the compact detergents and the conventional detergents. The compact detergents have a higher content of surfactants, oxygen bleach and enzymes than the conventional detergents. We have studied to find the most effective washing conditions of artificially soiled cloths with a commercial, supercompact, heavy-duty detergent and a drum type washing machine which is becoming the preferred type in Korea. Moreover, we have studied the washing performance with an impeller type washing machine, which has heretofore been the most popular type in East Asia. With the drum-type washing machine, washing performances improved as the washing temperatures went up and the washing times were lengthened. Though the rate of soil removal with a double recommended dosage was higher than with the recommended amount at , the effects of the higher dosage decreased as the washing temperatures increased. Finally, the washing performances with the two different dosages were the same at . The washing performances at with the recommended dosage for 90 minutes were the same as with the double recommended dosage for 45 minutes. The soil removal efficiencies with the impeller-type washing machine were much lower than those of the drum-type washing machine. The reasons for this were the higher bath ratio that led to the lower concentration of wash liquor, the shorter washing time, and the lower washing temperature.

The Characteristics of Attached Textiles on the Remains of Shimchun-ri and Moonsan-ri Tombs

Abstract: This study is about the fabric attached to the relics excavated from the Shimchun-ri tomb of the 4th century and the Moonsan-ri tombs of the 5th century. We studied 5 pieces of fabric from the Shimchun-ri tomb: one piece was silk and the other four pieces were hemp. We were able to observe 8 pieces from the four tombs in Moonsan-ri, All of them except one ramie were silk. The two kinds of bast fiber found in the tombs of Shimchun-ri and Moonsan-ri were hemp and ramie, and they were found to be plain woven with S-twist thread which thickness is uneven. The density was more fine compared to the hemps found in the Kaya or Shinra tombs of the similar era. All of the silk textiles found in the Shimchun-ri and Moonsan-ri tombs used non-twisted thread, and were plain woven. Also, we found degummed and raw silk from the tombs. The average density of the silk textiles from these tombs are similar to other areas of the same time, and studies show that they used non-twisted thread in plain woven silk found in other tombs. Therefore, we can conclude that they usually used non-twisted thread when producing silk textiles.

Aesthetic Characteristics of Grecian Style

Abstract: : This study examined the aesthetic characteristics of Grecian style which is being considered as the rep-resentative classic of Western fashion and the transformations of those Grecian styles on the fashion of the twentieth cen-tury. This study used positive research method using literatures on art history and clothing history, fashion relatedpublications, and magazines and websites to understand the trend of fashion designer’s collections. The study results areas follows. The aesthetic characteristics of Grecian style was considered to be the ideal beauty combined with symmetry,the functional beauty combined with non-construction, and the sensual beauty combined with natural body. The idealbeauty combined with symmetry appears as a style that shows idealistic proportion of a body emphasizing high-waistbased on the golden ratio and the body as a whole rather than details. The functional beauty combined with non-con-struction appears as perfect recreation a body in its original and natural form. The clothing takes a form that does nothave any structural design and has simplified cutting and sewing. It uses pins and strings to fix up the form of clothingwhich is flexible and naturally draped. The sensual beauty combined with natural body is found in natural silhouette dressalluding naked body in connection with Rousseau' naturalism in neoclassic period. Throughout the twentieth century, thedesire for Grecian style was conveyed by a single detail or through an array of allusive effects. Key words : grecian style, the ideal beauty, the functional beauty, the sensual beauty

An Investigation of the Multiple Effects of Personalization in Shopping Apparel Products

Abstract: Fashion business is undergoing a severe competition because of the various consumers' needs, over production, and short product life styles. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of personalization in apparel shopping. Characterizing the notion of the personalization typology, investigating the effect of personalization to different consumers, and providing useful issues to draw more target consumers are to be accessed. For empirical research a survey method was employed. A measure for personalization in apparel shopping was developed based in existing scale items and pilot study. Consumers responded highly on design personalization in shopping apparel products. Factor analysis extracted six dimensions of apparel product personalization. Six types of personalization were: "personalized advice", "personalized design choice", "personalized fit", "sales-promotion personalization", "personalized costomer relationship management" and "in-store personalization".

The Effect of Shopping Values and VM Information on Consumer Purchase Behavior - Basis on a Under Wear Store -

Abstract: This research is to explore relationship between the underwear shopping value and purchasing behaviors, as well as to figure out how the underwear store VM information has influence on consumers' purchase behaviors. Focus is placed on subdividing consumers into different groups according to underwear shopping value, and then verify whether VM information influences the consumer groups differently or not. This study, based on systematic understanding of an underwear consumption, will provide strategic suggestion to establish effective VM information of the underwear brand. The results of this study show that VM information is being utilized by the important clue when the consumers go shopping underwear. That's why the underwear brands should concentrate on developing VM by causing an interest and purchasing of consumers through corresponding with store's individuality and image. Also, the manner of performance should be related to brand image and theme reflected consumer's life style.

Internal Service Quality, Employee Satisfaction, and Organizational Performance of Apparel Retailers

Abstract: Marketing strategists believe that the best way to satisfy customers is through satisfied employees. In fashion retail businesses, salespersons play a pivotal role for the success of business, since fashion products have emotional properties and customers' emotion is largely affected by personal selling at the point of purchases. The present study aims to examine relationships among internal service quality, job satisfaction, and organizational performance in fashion retail businesses. Specifically, the study will test the validity of applying service quality concept to the internal service targeting the sales person of fashion retailers and identify dimensions of internal service quality. Data were collected from salespersons of women's wear and imported brand stores at four major department stores. 205 survey responses were used for the final analysis. The factor analysis extracted empathy/tangibility, assurance, responsiveness and reliability factors. The structural path analysis and effect analysis indicated that the importance of assurance and responsiveness of internal service quality had significant direct effects on job satisfaction and significant indirect effects on organizational performance. Reliability dimension of internal service quality had a significant direct effect on job satisfaction. The importance of empathy/tangibility dimension, however, was relatively weak in the model.

PPL Effect of Clothing Sponsorship in TV Drama -Focused on Adolescent Female Students-

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate PPL(product placement) effect of apparel sponsorship in TV drama to adolescent female students. PPL effect was investigated in terms of brand recall, brand attitude, and purchase intention. The data were collected using a self-administered and structured questionnaire. Respondents were consisted of 270 middle school girls and 260 high school girls in Pusan. Cronbach's alpha, T-Test, frequency, and ANOVA test were used to conduct the data analysis on 524 out of 530 questionnaires. The result showed no difference in PPL effect between middle school students and high school students. Students shopping with friends or relatives showed higher brand attitude or purchase intention than ones shopping alone. The students watching 1-2 hours showed significantly higher brand recall, cognitive brand attitude, emotional brand attitude and purchase intention than other students watching TV drama longer. Implications for results and marketing strategies for PPL targeting adolescent students were discussed.