Showing papers in "Foreign Affairs in 1992"
644 citations
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TL;DR: A New Wave of Industrialization as mentioned in this paper was the first wave of industrialization in Taiwan, followed by South Korea, Hong Kong and Singapore, and then Taiwan and Hong Kong again.
Abstract: Preface 1. A New Wave of Industrialization 2. Taiwan 3. South Korea 4. Hong Kong and Singapore 5. Toward an Explanation Notes Index
264 citations
TL;DR: The interpretative crisis world economy technological change the security dilemma ecological crisis the new social movements current trends - future possibilities as discussed by the authors The interpretative and technological crisis in the world in theory and practice.
Abstract: World in transition sovereignty in theory and practice the interpretative crisis world economy technological change the security dilemma ecological crisis the new social movements current trends - future possibilities.
192 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine how the government and the private sector can boost America's technological competitiveness and how the two influence each others' technical activities and argue that there needs to be critical reappraisal of traditional relationships between the military and industry.
Abstract: In the past the USA has relied upon "spinoff" from its massive defence research and development spending to enrich commercial technology. In an era when US industry enjoyed a commanding lead over its international competitors, such spinoff was thought to be enough. But in today's globally competitive economy, a more direct approach is better suited to the needs of commercial markets. This book examines how the government and the private sector can boost America's technological competitiveness and how the two influence each others' technical activities. In a rapidly changing world, the authors argue, there needs to be critical reappraisal of traditional relationships between the military and industry. This book, which includes data, industry-specific case studies and analysis aims to offer such an appraisal. It should be of interest and value to technology managers and policy-makers in industry and government, as well as those concerned with technological and economic competitiveness.
192 citations
191 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the transition to a market economy in Central and Eastern Europe, focusing on the transition from the hidden path to a successful economy to the market economy.
Abstract: Contributors Preface 1. Introduction: The Journey to a Market Economy: Christopher Clague Part I: The Problem of the Transition 2. The Next Decade in Central and Eastern Europe: Lawrence Summers 3. Evolution in Economics and in the Economic Reform of the Centrally Planned Economies: Peter Murrell 4. The Hidden Path to a Successful Economy: Mancur Olson 5. Organizations as Property: Economic Analysis of Property Law Applied to Privatization: Robert Cooter 6. The Transition to a Market Economy: Alan Walters Part II: Macroeconomic Policy and Financial Discipline 7. Taxation, Money, and Credit in a Liberalizing Socialist Economy: Robert McKinnon 8. Stabilization and Liberalization Policies for Economics in Transition: Latin American Lessons for Eastern Europe: Sebastian Edwards 9. The Design of Financial Systems for the Newly Emerging Democracies of Eastern Europe: Joseph E. Stiglitz Part III: Government Policy Toward the Private Sector: Antitrust Policy and the Safety Net 10. Anti-Monopoly Policies and Institutions: Robert Willig 11. The Safety Net During Transformation: Hungary: David Newbery 12. Institutions for the New Private Sector: Anne Krueger Part IV: The Privatization Process 13. Privatization in East European Transformation: Stanley Fischer 14. The Political Economy of Transition in Eastern Europe: Packaging Enterprises for Privatization: Gordon Rausser and Leo Simon 15. Privatization in East-Central Europe: Avoiding Major Mistakes: Jan Winiecki 16. The Political Economy of Privatization: Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia: Scott Thomas 17. Strategies for the Transition: Arnold Harberger 18. Institutions and the Transition to a Market Economy: Andras Nagy Part V: Conclusions 19. Lessons for Emerging Market Economies in Eastern Europe: Gordon Rausser References.
166 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare structuralism versus neo-liberalism and argue that getting the prices right helped the wrong people, and propose a new political economy of development, which is different from the one proposed in this paper.
Abstract: Structuralism versus neo-liberalism - an introduction, Christopher Colclough international financial markets - a case of market failure, Stephany Griffith-Jones recovery from macroeconomic disaster in sub-Saharan Africa, Charles Harvey visible and invisible hands in trade policy reform, David Evans industrialization in Botswana - how getting the prices right helped the wrong people, Raphael Kaplinsky learning to raise infants, Hubert Schmitz and Tom Hewitt market relaxation and agricultural development, Michael Lipton who should learn to pay? - an assessment of neo-liberal approaches to education policy, Christopher Colclough managing health sector development - markets and institutional reform, Gerald Bloom neo-liberalism and the political economy of war - SSA as a case study of vacuum, Reginald Herbold Green the state and rural development - ideologies and an agenda for the 1990s, Robert Chambers neo-liberalism, gender and the limits of the market, Neila Kabeer and John Humphrey rent-seeking and market surrogates - the case of irrigation policy, Mick Moore politics and the neo-liberals, James Manor is there a new political economy of development?, John Toye.
164 citations
TL;DR: The Weimar republic and the continuity of German history is discussed in this article, where the authors focus on the post-war economic crisis of Germany and its effects on the Weimar Republic.
Abstract: Part 1: the Weimar republic and the continuity of German history - political turning-points, modernization and its tribulations, the demographic revolution, society at the crossroads, the halt to economic growth, four political generations. Part 2 New directions, 1918-23: old legacies and a new start, 1918-19 - hopes, decisions, disappointments, the making of the constitution - openness and compromise, the peace treaty and its problems, winding up the war on the domestic front, a revolution that failed, or a compromise that would survive? the post-war crisis, 1920-23 - fulfilment and defiance, the inflationary decade, 1914-24, the republic on the defensive. Part 3 Modernization and its tensions: generation gaps and emancipatory struggles - the demographic transformation, "Superfluous" younger generation, the "new woman", rationalism and sexuality, mother's day and male fantasies the post-war economy - rationalization and structural crisis - a trial run for corporatism, the irrational consequences of rationalization, the "Sick Economy" of Weimar, the attack on the "Trade Union State" the welfare state - expansion and crisis - the creation of the welfare state, the limits of social engineering, the Kulturstaat and its contradictions, from retrenchment to selection social milieux and political formations - social milieux in the 1920s - levelling and new segmentation, socialist working-class society 150 Catholic society, white-collar workers and the old Mittelstand, the Jews - emancipation, assimilation and discrimination, the transformation of the public domain mass culture and the neue Sachlichkeit - late-Wilhelmine Avant-Garde and republican pluralism, towards a mass culture 167 radicalization and polarization, mass consumption "Americanism" versus Kulturkritik - for and against 179 "Modern Living" and the modern city, the two faces of Kulturkritik. Part 4 Deceptive stability, 1924-91: revisionist alternatives in foreign policy - reparations, Germany and the world economy, rapprochement in the west, eastern policy and its contradictions, the shift to confrontation and GroBraum policy in 1930 the illusion of domestic stability - the electoral landscape - trends and problems, varieties of coalition, the ingredients of presidential supremacy, the republic's legitimacy at stake the fragmentation of the political culture - the challenge from the elites, revolt in the provinces, the dynamism of the national socialist movement, the totalitarian temptation. Part 5 Total crisis, 1930-33: the world economic crisis - causes of the world economic crisis, the course of the crisis in Germany, the experience of crisis, the government's response the erosion of options - the path towards authoritarianism, actions and reactions, 1930-32, the end of the Weimar republic, anti-fascism paralysed, 30 January 1933. Part 6 Review - the crisis of classical modernity.
TL;DR: The United States of America is the last best hope of the world, as Abraham Lincoln said in his famous "Last Best Hope of Earth" speech as discussed by the authors, and it is the only super power left on earth.
Abstract: A MERICA IS a remarkable nation. We are, as Abraham /]m Lincoln told Congress in December 1862, a nation jlJL that "cannot escape history" because we are "the last best hope of earth." The president said that his adminis tration and Congress held the "power and . . . responsibility" to ensure that the hope America promised would be fulfilled. Today, 130 years later, Lincoln's America is the sole super power left on earth. Often I wonder what Lincoln would think were he here to
TL;DR: A new era of international security seemed about to dawn, where even the most protracted conflicts appeared solvable as discussed by the authors, where even those successful cases of mediated civil war now hover on the brink of renewed bloodshed.
Abstract: NOT SO LONG AGO we could confuse the end of the Cold War with the end of history and entertain the possibility that we had survived the famous Chinese curse of living in interesting times. A new era of international security seemed about to dawn, where even the most protracted conflicts appeared solvable. International mediation in Angola, Cambodia and El Salvador led to negotiated settlements of long civil wars and revived the hope that ballots, not bullets, would finally determine the fate of peoples around the globe. But as Ralph Ellison cautioned in his masterpiece. Invisible Man, history is not an arrow but a boomerang. Just when the end of the U.S.-Soviet rivalry held out the promise that rationality and reason would triumph over ideology, the world wdtnessed the bloody dissolution of states in Yugoslavia, Somalia, Liberia and Ethiopia. So, too, came the revival of virulent nationalism throughout the former Soviet empire and genocidal campaigns on the fringes of western Europe. Even those successful cases of mediated civil war now hover on the brink of renewed bloodshed. The fortunes of history, it seems, have as much to do with the persistence of hatred and memory as with the vicissitudes of grand ideologies. Yet the end of superpower rivalry continues to entrance America with the chimera of a new world order. That illusion, alongside often violent disorder in many states, has produced a kind of \"new interventionism.\" This outlook combines an awareness that civil war is a legitimate issue of international security with a sentiment for crusading liberal internationalism. The new interventionists wed great emphasis on the moral obligations of the international community to an eager-
TL;DR: The Apartheid City -Anthony Lemon Cape Town - G P Cook Port Elizabeth - A J Christopher East London - R Fox, E Nel and C Reintges Durban - R J Davies Pietermaritzburg - T M Wills Bloemfontein - D S Krige Kimberley - G H Pirie Johannesburg - S M Parnell and GH Pirie Pretoria - P S Hattingh and A C Horn Mafikeng-Mmabatho - J H Drummond and S MParnell Windho
Abstract: The Apartheid City - Anthony Lemon Cape Town - G P Cook Port Elizabeth - A J Christopher East London - R Fox, E Nel and C Reintges Durban - R J Davies Pietermaritzburg - T M Wills Bloemfontein - D S Krige Kimberley - G H Pirie Johannesburg - S M Parnell and G H Pirie Pretoria - P S Hattingh and A C Horn Mafikeng-Mmabatho - J H Drummond and S M Parnell Windhoek - David Simon Harare - Neil Dewar Towards the Post-Apartheid City - Anthony Lemon
TL;DR: The authors argue that structural adjustment policies ignore the reality of life at the micro-level, where up to 80 percent of the food consumed is produced by women farmers, and that a decrease in government spending may result in exorbitant school fees and no available medicines; wage freezes may mean no remittances from sons and husbands; the removal of subsidies may mean that expensive fertilizers are priced beyond their reach; an emphasis on exportables may mean a decreasing in the resources available to their food crops.
Abstract: In the 1980s, development experts and donor agencies agreed on the importance of macreconomic policies to development in sub-Saharan Africa. Policy reforms aimed at "getting prices right" were preconditions for structural adjustment loans and grants in many sub-Saharan countries. Recently, however, debates about structural adjustment lending programmes have ensued, and they are the topic of this volume. One side argues for structural adjustments - devaluation, increases in artificially low food prices and interest rates, an emphasis on exportables, a decrease in government spending, wage freezes, the removal of subsidies - as a way to invigorate stagnating economies. Another side argues that structural transformation of the economy - substantial shifts in the structure of demand and production - is needed in the development process, not just monetarist policies. Still others claim that adjustment policies ignore the reality of life at the micro-level, where up to 80 percent of the food consumed is produced by women farmers. For women, a decrease in government spending may mean exorbitant school fees and no available medicines; wage freezes may mean no remittances from sons and husbands; the removal of subsidies may mean that expensive fertilizers are priced beyond their reach; an emphasis on exportables may mean a decrease in the resources available to their food crops. The result may be at worst more African food crises in the 1990s and at best a more skewed income distribution in sub-Saharan Africa.
TL;DR: In this paper, a new chapter in the history of the United Nations has begun with newfound appeal the world or t ganization is being utilized with greater frequency and growing urgency The machinery of United Nations, which had often been rendered inoperative by the dynamics of the Cold War, is suddenly at the center of international efforts to deal with unresolved problems of the past decades as well as an emerging array of present and future issues.
Abstract: ANEW CHAPTER in the history of the United Nations has begun With newfound appeal the world or t ganization is being utilized with greater frequency and growing urgency The machinery of the United Nations, which had often been rendered inoperative by the dynamics of the Cold War, is suddenly at the center of international efforts to deal with unresolved problems of the past decades as well as an emerging array of present and future issues The new era has brought new credibility to the United Nations Along with it have come rising expectations that the United Nations will take on larger responsibilities and a greater role in overcoming pervasive and interrelated obsta cles to peace and development Together the international community and the UN Secretariat need to seize this extraor dinary opportunity to expand, adapt and reinvigorate the work of the United Nations so that the lofty goals as originally envisioned by the charter can begin to be realized
TL;DR: Mayer as mentioned in this paper draws on previously unavailable data on recent defence subcontract distributions down to individual congressional districts to test the link between politics and defence contracting and concludes that the accepted beliefs are oversimplified and mostly wrong.
Abstract: Many people suspect that politics drives American defence spending. They feel that Congressional decisions about which weapons systems should be supported and Pentagon decisions about which companies should build them are made on political considerations of local economic impact, and that Congress looks to the defence budget as a huge pork barrel project. In this book Kenneth R. Mayer draws on previously unavailable data on recent defence subcontract distributions down to individual congressional districts to test the link between politics and defence contracting. He concludes that the accepted beliefs are oversimplified and mostly wrong.
TL;DR: A critical analysis of the gulf war dell war series will lead you to love reading starting from now and help you to guide you to even the prestige stage of the life.
Abstract: We may not be able to make you love reading, but on strategy ii a critical analysis of the gulf war dell war series will lead you to love reading starting from now. Book is the window to open the new world. The world that you want is in the better stage and level. World will always guide you to even the prestige stage of the life. You know, this is some of how reading will give you the kindness. In this case, more books you read more knowledge you know, but it can mean also the bore is full.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a comparative study of six case studies of foreign military intervention, including the United States in Vietnam, the Soviet Union in Afghanistan, Syria in Lebanon, Israel in Lebanon and South Africa in South Africa, and India in Sri Lanka.
Abstract: Foreign Military Intervention brings together prominent scholars in an ambitious and innovative comparative study. The six case studies-the United States in Vietnam, the Soviet Union in Afghanistan, Syria in Lebanon, Israel in Lebanon, South Africa and Cuba in Angola, and India in Sri Lanka-constitute a diverse set, involving superpowers and regional powers, democracies and nondemocracies, neighboring states and distant states, and incumbent regimes and insurgent movements.
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TL;DR: Shining PathArt from a Fractured PastThe Autobiography of Maria Elena MoyanoThe Shining Path: Love, Madness, and Revolution in the AndesThe Peru ReaderWhen Rains Became FloodsPolitical Violence and the Authoritarian State in PeruWomen and WarThe Shining path and the future of PeruThe Threat of the Shining Path to Democracy in PeruRed AprilIntimate EnemiesLost City RadioThe Shiningpath of PeruSendero Luminoso and the Threat of NarcoterrorismReconceptualizing Security in the Americas in the Twenty-First CenturyReopening Muslim
Abstract: Revolutionary Movements in Latin AmericaShining PathArt from a Fractured PastThe Autobiography of Maria Elena MoyanoThe Shining Path: Love, Madness, and Revolution in the AndesThe Peru ReaderWhen Rains Became FloodsPolitical Violence and the Authoritarian State in PeruWomen and WarThe Shining Path and the Future of PeruThe Threat of the Shining Path to Democracy in PeruRed AprilIntimate EnemiesLost City RadioThe Shining Path of PeruSendero Luminoso and the Threat of NarcoterrorismReconceptualizing Security in the Americas in the Twenty-First CenturyReopening Muslim MindsBefore the Shining PathConflicted MemoryThe Shining PathHow Difficult It Is to Be GodPeru and the United StatesWhen Women RebelOne Bright Shining PathWith Masses and ArmsMaoismState Under SiegePunk and RevolutionUnveiling Secrets of War in the Peruvian AndesShining and Other PathsPeru's Shining PathAndean TruthsNow Peru Is MineThe SurrenderedPolitics after ViolencePeruFeminist and Human Rights Struggles in PeruCorner of the LivingShining Path of Peru