Showing papers in "Fuel in 1974"

TL;DR: In this paper, an investigation of methane sorption in bituminous coals ranging from low-volatile to highvolatile B has been carried out, and the equilibrium sorption isotherms for dry and moist coal were measured at 30 °C and at pressures up to 60 atm.

TL;DR: In this article, the naphthalene anion in tetrahydrofuran added negative charges to form the corresponding coal anions, and the alkylated coals were 88 and 45% soluble in benzene.

TL;DR: In this paper, the amount of methane adsorbed on crushed and dried coal was measured as a function of pressure and isotherms were determined on Illinois No.6 (Herrin seam), Oklahoma Hartshorne, Pennsylvania Pittsburgh, and Virginia Pocahontas No.3 United States coal seams, using a volumetric method and an equation of state for methane.

TL;DR: In this article, a vitrinite concentrate of Balmer 10, medium-volatile bituminous coal (433), and highvolatile Moss 3 coal (535) were oxidized in air at 85°C for four days to partially destroy the swelling characteristics as measured by the Ruhr dilatometer.

TL;DR: In this article, the change in the reactivity of the interface between gaseous reactant (hydrogen or steam) and solid carbon has been measured in the presence of various metal catalysts, and it was found that over a range of temperatures the specific rate of methane production is of the same magnitude as the rate of hydrogen atomization.

TL;DR: In this paper, the carbon, oxygen and sulphur content of coal was determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with the objective of determining the organic sulphur in coal by XPS.

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that coal skeletons are largely made up of non-aromatic structures and that these structures are modified bridged tricycloalkane systems or polyamantanes.

TL;DR: In this paper, the role of the oxygen at low concentrations is to promote polymerization of the fuel to high-molecular-weight soot precursors, rather than a thermal effect.

TL;DR: In this article, a high-volatile bituminous coal possessing a high Gieseler fluidity and large dilatation was subjected to slight oxidation in air under chosen conditions.

TL;DR: In this article, some experimental results on the conversion of fuel-nitrogen to nitric oxide in both diffusion and premixed flames are presented, and the results are used to speculate on mechanisms of Nitric oxide formation.

TL;DR: In this paper, a specific oxidation method for estimating the valence states of carbon in coal is described, which is also an important tool for more generally exploring the structure of coal, is based on the fact that sodium hypochlorite is a very selective oxidant capable of differentiating between Sp 3 -carbon and Sp 2 -aromatic carbon.

TL;DR: In this paper, nine vitrinites separated from coals of various rank (69-93% carbon, daf) were studied by programmed-temperature pyrolysis.

TL;DR: In this article, the surface area of a Yallourn brown coal was determined by applying the Dubinin-Polanyi approach to carbon-dioxide isotherms measured gravimetrically at 0 °C.

TL;DR: In this article, the reactivity of coal-tar pitch in reductive alkylation and hydrogenation with the aid of alkali metals was investigated to obtain basic information on the possibility of changing their graphitizability and the orientation of their cokes.

TL;DR: In this article, the Fischer-Schrader method has been used to determine the oil-shale richness of the Parachute Creek member of the Green River Formation (GTF).

TL;DR: In this paper, pure macerals of vitrinite, semi-fusinite and fusinite were heated on a Leitz heating-stage microscope to determine their melting character quantitatively.

TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental separator consisting of a column, packed with either steel wool or screens, inserted in the bore of a solenoid magnet was employed in the present systematic study of high-gradient magnetic separation techniques in cool-water slurries.

TL;DR: A study of analytical data from N.C. records has revealed a relation between the chlorine content of coals and their rank as mentioned in this paper, suggesting that chlorine has been leached from such sequences, and the correspondence of these zones of decreasing chlorine values with the zones of reddening reported by many geologists is considered.

TL;DR: In this article, a series of reactions involving initial oxidation with 2N nitric acid, depolymerization with boron trifluoride-phenol, and acetylation were described.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of NSFO content, demulsifying agent structure and concentration, polymer concentration and salt concentration on the demulsification process of distilled and artificial sea water in mixtures of Navy Special Fuel Oil (NSFO) and Navy Distillate (ND) was studied.

TL;DR: The reversible redox-system character of humic acids is illustrated and discussed in both laboratory and natural circumstances in this article, where the interaction of the humic acid with metallic ions is considered.

TL;DR: In this article, the electrical conductivities of fractions from the Athabasca bitumen indicate that these materials possess appreciable conducting properties, which can be attributed to the network of condensed aromatic systems which occurs in this material and it is possible to corelate the conductivity data and theoretical postulates of micelle structure.

TL;DR: In this paper, simple chemical reactions are described which bring about modification of the components of a bitumen by using an oxygen-containing gas and subsequent treatment with alkali solutions of sulphites and/or bisulphites.

TL;DR: In this paper, three seam coals were oxidized in a controlled gas-solid reaction at different temperatures, assuming first-order reaction, values for rate constants, apparent energies of activation and frequency factors were calculated, and mechanisms of reaction have been proposed for different oxidation steps.

TL;DR: In this paper, a high-volatile coal was oxidized with 18 O 2 at 100 °C for 72 h and the resultant coal was heat-treated at atmospheric pressure and in vacuo at temperatures up to 430 °C.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the kinetics of the extraction of a high-volatile bituminous coal with 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (tetralin) under the influence of ultrasonic energy.

TL;DR: In this article, the development of anisotropy in carbons arises from growth of nematic liquid crystals from the plastic phase of carbonization systems, which form eutectic zones stable at lower temperatures than the single components.