Showing papers in "gazi university journal of science in 2014"

A multi-objective mixed integer linear programming model for energy resource allocation problem: the case of turkey

Abstract: Energy is one of the most basic elements for raising social welfare, playing a fascinating role in economic and social progress of the countries and thus increasing the competitiveness of the countries in globalized world. Therefore, carrying out the sustainable energy policies which are based on social, economic and environmental factors and in this context, finding the local, sustainable, environmentally-friendly and economic resources and the optimal distribution of them have become a necessity in order to achieve the sustainable development thrusts. In this study, a multi-objective mixed integer linear programming (MOMILP) model which reflects the Turkey’s realities and necessities and optimizes simultaneously the objectives of total cost minimization, CO 2 emission minimization, energy import minimization, fossil resource usage minimization, employment maximization and social acceptance maximization is proposed. This model is solved by Minimum Deviation Method (MDM) considering the most basic energy resources (solar, wind, coal, natural gas, hydroelectric, nuclear etc.) used for the electricity generation all over the world and a 11-years electricity generation plan is obtained on the basis of resources for Turkey.

Using outputs of nasa-tlx for building a mental workload expert system

Abstract: In this study, we evaluate the effect of demographic factors such as age, gender, marital status, and education level on mental workload of TEYDEB’s (Technology & Innovation Grant Programs Directorate) experts working in basic stages of R&D projects evaluation activities. One of the workload measurement techniques, NASA-TLX is chosen since it is the most convenient measurement technique for the experiment groups used in this study. We make statistical analyses to measure the effectiveness of 6 scales used in NASA-TLX for evaluating the subjective mental workload of TEYDEB’s experts. In the second phase of the study, output of NASA-TLX is used by AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solutions) methods to construct an expert system for choosing an executive expert from TEYDEB’s expert pool.

Evaluation of the Protein Secondary Structures Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Abstract: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is an attractive tool for proteomics research as it can be used to rapidly characterize protein secondary structure in aqueous solution. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry is well known as a powerful tool for determination of secondary structures of proteins. This paper presents the most recent experimental results obtained in our laboratory for this kind of analysis. A PeakFit operation was performed and some observations were made. Key words: FT-IR analysis, protein secondary structure.

On Soft Preopen Sets and Soft Pre Separation Axioms

Abstract: Arockiarani and Lancy (7), defined soft preopen (c losed) sets on soft topology. In this paper, we are continue investigating the properties of soft preopen (clos ed) sets and define soft preclosure and soft preinterior in soft topological spaces. We are also introduce and research basic properties of the concepts of soft prere gular spaces, soft P ₃�spaces, soft prenormal spaces and soft P ₄�spaces in soft topological spaces, which are basic for further research on soft topology and will fortify the footing of the theory of soft topological space.

Analysis of Barrier Height and Carrier Concentration of MOS Capacitor Using C-f and G/ω-f Measurement

Abstract: Capacitance ( C) and conductance (G/ω) measurements of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors with Si 3 N 4 dielectric deposited on Si were investigated in the frequency range of 1 kHz to 1 MHz at room temperature. The values of measured C and G/ω of MOS capacitor decrease with the increasing frequency . The 1/C 2 -V curves are linear in the wide voltage region for each frequency . This linearity of the curves is attributed to the uniformity of the donor concentration in the depletion region. Also, the barrier height ( F B ) and carrier (donor) concentration ( N D ) were obtained from C -2 -V characteristics. The values of the Φ B and N D decrease with the increasing frequency.

Spatiotemporal analysis of historical droughts in the central anatolia, turkey

Abstract: The spatiotemporal characteristics of meteorological droughts in the Central Anatolia, a semiarid region in Turkey, are determined utilizing the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) as a measure for drought severity. With a surface area of nearly 150,000 km 2 the region is subjected to frequent and widespread drought events. The regions contains upstream drainage areas of the Kizilirmak and Sakarya rivers, two major water resources of the country supplying flows to several multipurpose reservoirs along their course. Using the temporal and spatial characteristics of monthly SPI, drought intensity-areal extent-frequency curves for various return periods are constructed for the region, and then the spatio-temporal characteristics of selected historical droughts are evaluated. The results indicate that the region is usually under the influence of droughts with low return periods, in other words, high frequency droughts during the study period (from 1956 to 2004). But, the areal extent of droughts may be significant to adversely affect the water resources of the region. The overall evaluation of study results reveal that this method can provide useful information for spatial and temporal variations of droughts and can be utilized for water resources management in this region.

Solid Phase Synthesis of Anhydrous Zinc Borate from Zinc and Boron Oxide and Utilization as a Flame Retardant in Dye and Textile

Abstract: 800x600 Durability of materials to flame and stability at high temperatures are very important in order to increase the field of use. Non-flammability is not the only requirement materials should not have toxic gas products during the burning, also. Anhydrous zinc borate was chosen as flame retardant due to its advantages, such as; light weight, high melting point, low thermal expansion, and intrinsic smoke suppressant and corrosion resistance properties. For the synthesis, metallic zinc and anhydrous boron oxide powders were mixed in the attritor working at 600 rpm. Powder product was sintered at atmospheric conditions according to the phase change temperature determined by TGA-DSC analyses. Synthesized zinc borate was grinned up to nanometer size by Spex type grinder. Zinc borate was doped in binder to decrease the flammability. The properties of the produced materials were determined and compared by LOI, TGA-DSC, SEM and oven according to the zinc borate ingredients. Normal 0 21 false false false TR X-NONE X-NONE

An Expert System Design and Application for Hydroponics Greenhouse Systems

Abstract: In this study, the hydroponics subject is briefly discussed and developed an expert system on the subject. Expert system, the process of upbringing of plants produced in the hydroponics systems has controlled. The system is able to determine to the values ​​of input parameters by using output parameters entered by user. The input parameters preparing the optimum growing environment for plants by controlling the process of plant breeding. Thus, removal of the optimum level of efficiency in activities the hydroponics and minimize of the labor force and cost will be spent in the process of plant growth is aimed.

Integral Representations for Bessel Matrix Functions

Abstract: Jodar et. al. [Util. Math. 46 (1994) 129-141] introduced the concept of Bessel matrix functions of the first kind. In this paper, we derive integral representations for these functions. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 33C45, 33C10; Secondary 15A60. Key words: Bessel matrix function, Jordan block, Gamma matrix function, Beta matrix function, integral representations.

Design and Comparison of a Novel Controller Based on Control Lyapunov Function and a New Sliding Mode Controller for Robust Power Flow Control Using UPFC

Abstract: Unified power flow controller (UPFC) is a complex Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device. UPFC is capable of controlling selectively the transmission line parameters in order to power flow control and power oscillation damping. This paper presents an advance to power flow control in a power system with UPFC by two nonlinear controllers; one based on the Control Lyapunov Function (CLF) (named also as Direct Lyapunov Method (DLM)) and the other is based on Sliding Mode Control. A state variable control scheme is implemented to challenge the problems of reference tracking, robustness against parameter uncertainty and rejecting external disturbances. Chattering phenomena and discontinuity of the controllers are also removed to obtain a continuous and smooth controller. The proposed controllers are robust against uncertainties and reject external disturbances. Simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm. As the most simply measurable states of the system are used in suggested controllers, there is no need to design state space variable observer system. Key words:FACTS, UPFC, Power Flow Control, Lyapunov Stability, Control Lyapunov Function, Sliding Mode Control

Fixed points of expansive maps in partial cone metric spaces

Abstract: . Matthews [10] int r oduced a new distance P on a nonempty set X , which he called a partial metric. Sonmez [16] introduced the notion of partial cone metric space and its topological characterization. In present paper, we define expansive map in partial cone metric space and prove some fixed point theorems for such maps. Our results extend the results of [4], [9], [17] in partial cone metric space. An example is given to support the usability of our results.

A Note on Multivariable Humbert Matrix Polynomials

Abstract: In this paper, we deal with some properties of the matrix extension of the multivariable Humbert polynomials defined by Aktas et.al [Aktas, R., Cekim, B. and Sahin, R., The matrix version for the multivariable Humbert polynomials, Miskolc Mathematical Notes, 13(2) (2012), 197-208]. We give matrix differential equations for the products of these matrix polynomials and some other multivariable matrix polynomials, and also we present some new relations for the multivariable Humbert matrix polynomials.

Soft I-sets and Soft I-Continuity of Functions

Abstract: The topic of ideals in general topological spaces is treated in the classic text by Kuratowski [6]. This topic has an excellent potantial for applications in other branches of mathematics. The Cantor-Bendixson Theorem exampli…es this potantial. This subject was continued to study by general topologists in recent years [6; 11; 15; 17] : Kale and Guler [8] gave the de…nition of soft ideal in the soft topological spaces and studied some properties. In this paper, the soft I-continuous and soft I-open functions, has been de…fined and studied. Some characterizations and several properties concerning these functions are obtained.

Effects of sodium selenite supplementation on lead nitrate-induced oxidative stress in lung tissues of diabetic and non-diabetic rats

Abstract: In this study, diabetic and non-diabetic male rats were given to sodium selenite, lead nitrate and sodium selenite plus lead nitrate through gavage. At the end of the 4 th week, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities was investigated compared to control group. No significant differences were observed between control and sodium selenite treated groups. By the end of the fourth week, lead nitrate led to increase the levels of MDA, and decrease in antioxidant activities compared with the control group in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. As a result, sodium selenite significantly reduces lead nitrate induced testicular toxicity both groups.

Refrigeration Technology in Anatolian Seljuk and Ottoman Period Hospitals

Abstract: The precise identification of ancient refrigeration systems is problematic, since nearly every technological advance is the result of long accumulation of human experience shaped according to the environmental, cultural, social and climatic conditions of the period and region. Besides, the scarcity of firsthand documentary records doubles the problem. Therefore, in the course of the discussions, being aware of the difficulties of the subject matter, it was an important phase to fill the gap in the area of history of refrigeration technology by the help of the hospital cases in Anatolia. It takes the form of a case study that focuses as much on the context and motives for the possible refrigeration technologies used and applied in historical hospital buildings.

CALCULATION OF ELECTRONIC BAND STRUCTURE OF FERROELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR BISMUTH NIOBIUM OXYFLUORIDE (Bi2NbO5F) CRYSTAL

Abstract: In this study, the geometric structural optimization, electronic band structure and total density of states for electrons of ferroelectric Bi 2 NbO 5 F structure with space group Pca2 1 at room temperature have been investigated by Augmented Plane Wave method (APW) using the density functional theory (DFT) under the local density approximation (LDA). The ground state properties of ferroelectric Bi 2 NbO 5 F structure are studied. The computed ground state properties and experimental results are consistent. The energy band structure of Bi 2 NbO 5 F compound below T c shows that it is a ferroelectric semiconductor with narrow band gap of 0.0589 eV. Unfortunately, there is neither experimental nor theoretical electronic band structure study of Bi 2 NbO 5 F crystal in the literature, so we could not compare our results.

Reliability assessments of infant incubator and the analyzer

Abstract: Approximately 80% of newborn in Turkey are put in neonatal incubators because of their problematic cases. I ncubators used for treatment may adversely affect baby’s health seriously, if they adjusts or measures the parameters incorrectly. In this study, complications arisen because of inaccurate adjustment and measurement of incubator parameters were investigated. Current infant incubator analyzers were researched and the deficiencies were evaluated considering the standards and clinical metrology studies. As a result, findings were revealed as one of the current two incubator analyzers don’t ensure the standard and the other one doesn’t analyze some parameters which affect the baby’s health directly.

Temporal Differential Transform and Spatial Finite Difference Methods for Unsteady Heat Conduction Equations with Anisotropic Diffusivity

Abstract: Three unsteady heat conduction problems with anisotropic diffusivity and time-dependent heating or heat flux and/or heat source are considered in showing the utility of a hybrid method involving a combination of temporal differential transform and spatial finite difference methods. The segregation of time from the spatial component is the greatest advantage of the hybrid method that exhibits no instability of finite difference methods generally seen with parabolic equations. The easy-to-implement algorithm that is essentially a Poisson solver works with both linear and non-linear heat transport problems without any difficulty of sorts. To gain confidence in the results some simulation results are also presented of problems that have an Adomian solution. The method can be used in practical heat transfer problems concerning non-uniform materials like composites, alloys, heterogeneous porous media with thermal equilibrium or non-equilibrium, multi-layered media and such other problems. Normal 0 21 false false false TR X-NONE X-NONE

Analysis of Hopping Conduction and Space Charge Limited Currents in Nearly Ideal Metal/Semiconductor Contacts

Abstract: We have formed intimate Au/n-Si Schottky contact and deposited gold (Au) metal on n-Si (100) using thermally evaporation method for an explanation of space charge limited current (SCLC) and Pool-Frenkel (PF) effect in intimate metal/semiconductor contacts. The device showed good intimate rectifying behavior. To observe the SCLC mechanism and PF effect, the log ( I ) − log ( V ) and - curves is plotted. The localized state density is determined as 7.12 x 10 11 eV -1 cm -3 . At the same time the main diode parameters such as ideality factor and barrier height are determined as 1.048 and 0.807 eV, respectively.

First principles LDA+U and GGA+U study of HfO2: Dependence on the effective U parameter

Abstract: We have performed first-principles calculations of the structural, electronic, mechanical, and vibrational properties of HfO2 based on the density functional theory with Local Density Approximation (LDA), Generalized Gradient Approximation(GGA), the LDA + U and GGA+U approaches based on the density functional theory (DFT) In orderd to describe precisely the strong on-site Coulomb repulsion among the localized Hf 5d electrons, we adopt the LDA+U and GGA+U formalism for the exchange correlation term For the total-energy calculation we have used the projected augmented plane-wave (PAW) implementation of the Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package (VASP) The dependence of selected properties of this material on the effective U parameter has been investigated in detail We have used to examine structure parameter in Fluorite(C1) structure of HfO2 The equilibrium geometries, the total and partial densities of states, elastic constants, elastic moduli, Poisson’s ratio, Zener anisotropy factor, Young’s modulus and shear modulus and phonon dispersion curves for this material are systematically investigated and analyzed in comparison with experiments and previous calculations We show for the first time that the addition of an on-site Hubbard repulsion term to the LDA and GGA leads to improved agreement between calculated and experimental values of structural and electronic properties, except for elastic properties Key Words: Hafnia, LDA+U, GGA+U, First-principles calculation, mechanical properties, electronic structure, phonon dispersion

A checklist of turkey cosmopterigidae (lepidoptera)

Abstract: In this study, a checklist of the species of Cosmopterigidae (Lepidoptera) recorded from Turkey is presented. The present list contains with original references, synonyms, host plants, distributions data of the 36 species. Distribution in Turkey of some species were discussed.

Public's judgment on contemporary mosque design approaches

Abstract: his study focuses on the judgments of high-school students (N=100) who follow a religion-based program in Aydin, Turkey. Participants judged 4 contemporary mosque design approaches. Scores were collected via questionnaire. General like-dislike responses was the dependent variable of the study whereas differentness, exterior, interior, suitability for praying, invitingness and style characteristics of mosques were the independents. According to results, the mosques imitating historical figures were the least liked whereas the ones interpreting these figures received the highest appreciation from young Turkish participants. Furthermore, different characteristics were effective in participants’ judgments for different mosque design approaches. The study is considered to be important as it proposes a methodology for diagnosing public opinion on mosques and underlines the potentials of interpretational, prism-shaped and free-shaped approaches in mosque design in Turkey rather than the ongoing imitational practice.

Adverse Effects of Lead Treatment: Relationship of Histopathological Changes and Protective Role of Sodium Selenite on Non-Diabetic and Diabetic Rat Hearts

Abstract: The present study was designed to examine the effects of lead nitrate (LN) and whether selenium has a cardioprotective effect on diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Sodium and LN were administered orally for 28 days to streptozotocin-induced diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Animals were divided into 8 groups: control, sodium selenite, LN, LN+Sodium selenite , diabetic-control, diabetic sodium selenite, diabetic LN and diabetic LN+Sodium selenite . In our present study LN caused histopathological changes in heart of animals. In the present study we found that sodium selenite treatment did not show protective effect on DM caused damages but, although not completely shown a protective.

Spectrophotometric determination of the acidity dissociation constants of symmetric Schiff base derivatives

Abstract: 800x600 In this study, the acidity constants of series symmetric Schiff base derivatives have been determined using the UV-visible spectrophotometric method at a temperature of 25(±0.1) °C. The deprotonated acidity constants ( p K a ) have been found to be associated with the deprotonation of phenolate oxygen. The first and the second protonated acidity constants ( p K a1 and p K a2 ) have been found to cause the protonation of the imine nitrogen atom for all molecules. The deprotonated acidity constants ( p K a ) were found for molecules 5 ( 9.088), 8 ( 9.848), 6 ( 10.243), 2 ( 10.2569), 3 (10.297), 1 (10.587), 7 ( 10.692) and 4 (10.804). The first protonation ( pK a1 ) was found for molecules 2 ( 3.432), 5 ( 4.207), 8 ( 4.612), 7 ( 4.758), 4 (4.995), 1 (5.288), 6 ( 5.606) and 3 (6.452). The second protonation ( pK a2 ) was found for molecules 2 ( -5.384), 8 ( -5.165), 5 ( -5.028), 7 ( -4.775), 4 (-4.518), 1 (-4.111), 6 ( -3.866) and 3 (-3.212). Normal 0 21 false false false TR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4

Protective role of sodium selenite and vitamin e against rat erythrocytes induced by mercury chloride

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of subacute mercury chloride exposure on lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes and the possible protective effect of sodium selenite and/or vitamin E. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups. It was shown that exposure to mercury chloride caused a significant increase in MDA, while significant decrease in SOD, CAT, GPx, GST activities in erythrocytes. Sodium selenite and vitamin E administration had a beneficial effect on the mercury chloride induced oxidative stress. Our results implicate mercury chloride-induced oxidative stress in erythrocytes protected by sodium selenite and vitamin E.

Comparison of hole surface finishing processes with roller burnishing method applied in copper materials

Abstract: Surface finishing processes such as drilling, turning, reaming, grinding, honing and roller burnishing etc. are widely used in manufacturing as hole surface finishing process. In addition to the characteristics of hole such as the surface roughness, the surface hardness and the wear resistance, the circularity and cylindricality of hole are also effective on the performance of hole. In this paper, it is presented that different hole surface finishing processes were applied to the samples made of pure copper. As a result of all the measurements and assessments, the results of the study show that the roller burnishing method gives the best results in terms of mechanical, metallurgical properties and hole surface quality of the material.

The Male Genitalia in Lixus nordmanni Hochhuth, 1847 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Lixinae); Studing by Light and Scanning Electron Microscope

Abstract: The male genitalia of Lixus nordmanni Hochhuth, 1847 (Curculionidae: Coleoptera) were examined by optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM). A detailed description is provided. In Lixus nordmanni, the male genitalia is annulate type, and it consists of aedeagus and 9th sternite (spiculum gastrale). The aedeagus has two main parts; aedeagal tube and tegmen. The aedeagal tube is curved basally and seems long and cylindrical. It is strongly sclerotised. The 9th sternite is very thin and long, and its apex connected the wide plate which is convex. Key Words : Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Lixus nordmanni, aedeagus, tegmen, 9th sternite, SEM

Lead Nitrate Induced Oxidative Stress in Brain Tissues of Rats: Protective Effect of Sodium Selenite

Abstract: Lead used in many industrial applications and it has been recognized as a toxic metal. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of lead nitrate on brain tissues of diabetic and non-diabetic rats and the protective role of sodium selenite . Four weeks later, changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and MDA levels determined in the brain tissues. At the end of the study, we showed that lead nitrate causes oxidative stress in diabetic and non-diabetic rat brain and the sodium selenite can ameliorate this toxicity, but not protect completely.

Analysis of Dwelling Patterns Using Cultural Codes; The Case of Konya

Abstract: The spaces that present clues about lifestyles within the framework of culture and space relationship might be used for transferring cultural values to following generations. Dwellings, provide us with significant data concerning social change and cultural history as they are settlement units where most of daily life is spent. In our study, the sampling is Konya province which has been an important centre in Anatolia due to its geographical location and historical presence. Our study aims to lay bare the cultural codes that constitute the lifestyle of the period between 19 th and 21 th centuries through an analysis of the cultural changes that occurred in the dwellings. Within the scope of the study four dwellings in Konya which reflect the peculiarities of the period were selected. The analysis was performed over these dwellings using cultural codes. Firstly, cultural behaviour patterns that reflect the lifestyles of the periods studied and cultural codes containing iconic graphic expressions were determined and a culture guide was prepared using these codes. Then, spatial analyses based on cultural codes were conducted on the selected dwellings and cultural function diagrams were prepared. The dwelling structures changing in accordance with lifestyle/cultural structure were presented.

A LabVIEW-Based Remotely Controllable and Accesible Laboratory Platform for Communication Systems II Lecture Experiments

Abstract: In this study, a remotely accessible and controllable communication systems laboratory model is designed for the undergraduate Electronics and Communication Engineering Education This laboratory model is designed by using LabVIEW program as real time and virtual for Communication Systems II lecture laboratory applications that contain Convolutional Codes, Viterbi Decoding Algorithm Method, phase shift keying modulated / demodulated schemes and system performance experiments The student can perform these experiments in the remotely accessible and controllable laboratory platform in campus This laboratory environment is established by using a server PC with LabVIEW program, Agilent 33220A signal generator, Data Acquisition Card (NIDAQ –PAD 6015) A web site contains the virtual / real time experiments, experiment sheets, and theoretical information documents of all experiments is designed to access this laboratory platform In addition, a web page is designed for the teacher to observe and communicate with the students simultaneously, while performing their experiments The students can access laboratory at the web site http://localhost/Online LabVIEW/defaultaspx in campus This interactive laboratory platform facilitates to bring in practical skills for students as well as intensify the theoretical studies The objective of this study is to establish the real-time web-based laboratory platform conduction by accessing the laboratory set-up from a remote location and observe the experimental parameters by generating the control commands at a distant client Keywords: Web-based laboratory; Electronics and Communicationundergraduate Education; LabVIEW; Communication Systems Model