Showing papers in "German Studies Review in 1998"

Historiography in the Twentieth Century: From Scientific Objectivity to the Postmodern Challenge

Abstract: A preeminent intellectual historian here examines the profound changes in ideas about the nature of history and historiography. Georg G. Iggers traces the basic assumptions upon which historical research and writing have been based since history's emergence as a professional discipline in the nineteenth century, and describes how the newly emerging social sciences transformed historiography following World War II. The discipline's greatest challenge may have come in the last two decades, when postmodern ideas forced a reevaluation of the relationship of historians to their subject and called into question the very possibility of objective history. Iggers sees the contemporary discipline as a hybrid, moving away from a classical, macro-historical approach toward microhistory, cultural history, and the history of everyday life. Still, while the postmodern critique of traditional historiography offers important correctives to historical thought and practice, it "has not destroyed the historian's commitment to recapturing reality or his or her belief in a logic of inquiry."

What is Enlightenment? : eighteenth-century answers and twentieth-century questions

Abstract: This collection contains the first English translations of a group of important eighteenth-century German essays that address the question, 'What is Enlightenment?'. The book also includes newly translated and newly written interpretive essays by leading historians and philosophers, which examine the origins of eighteenth-century debate on Enlightenment and explore its significance for the present. In recent years, critics from across the political and philosophical spectrum have condemned the Enlightenment for its complicity with any number of present-day social and cultural maladies. It has rarely been noticed, however, that at the end of the Enlightenment, German thinkers had already begun a scrutiny of their age so wide-ranging that there are few subsequent criticisms that had not been considered by the close of the eighteenth century. Among the concerns these essays address are the importance of freedom of expression, the relationship between faith and reason, and the responsibility of the Enlightenment for revolutions. Included are translations of works by such well-known figures as Immanuel Kant, Moses Mendelssohn, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, and Johann Georg Hamann, as well as essays by thinkers whose work is virtually unknown to American readers. These eighteenth-century texts are set against interpretive essays by such major twentieth-century figures as Max Horkheimer, Jurgen Habermas, and Michel Foucault.

Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany : comparisons and contrasts

Abstract: Introduction: Italy, Germany and fascism Richard Bessel 1. The 'crisis of bourgeois society' and the origins of fascism Adrian Lyttelton 2. The crisis of bourgeois society in interwar Germany Bernd Weisbrod 3. Italian workers and Italian fascism Tobias Abse 4. Whatever was the attitude of German workers? Reflections on recent interpretations Tilla Siegel 5. Women in fascist Italy Perry R. Willson 6. 'The value of marriage for the Volksgemeinschaft': policies towards women and marriage under National Socialism Gabriele Czarowski 7. Expansionist zeal, fighting power, and staying power in the Italian and German dictatorships MacGregor Knox 8. Restorative elites, German society and the Nazi pursuit of war Michael Geyer 9. From fascism to 'post-fascists': Italian roads to modernity Carl Levy 10. National Socialism and modernisation Mark Roseman.

Migration past migration future: Germany and the United States.

Abstract: Essays by leading German and American historians and demographers describe how [the United States and Germany] have come to have the largest number of immigrants among the advanced industrial countries how their conceptions of citizenship and nationality differ and how their ethnic compositions are likely to be transformed in the next century as a consequence of migration fertility trends citizenship and naturalization laws and public attitudes. (EXCERPT)

Identity and intolerance : nationalism, racism, and xenophobia in Germany and the United States

Abstract: Introduction Part I. Concepts of National Identity and the Symbolic Construction of Nations: 1. National identity and the conditions of tolerance 2. The historical invention and modern reinvention of two national identities 3. Segmented politics: xenophobia, citizenship, and political loyalty in Germany 4. The discoursive construction of national stereotypes: collective imagination and racist concepts in Germany before World War I 5. Integration and fragmentation discourses: demanding and supplying 'identity' in diverse societies Part II. The Social and Cultural Practice of Racism: 6. Race, class, and Southern racial violence 7. Racism and Empire: a perspective on a new era of American history 8. Police, African Americans, and Irish immigrants in the nation's capital 9. The politics of boycotting: experiences in Germany and the United States since 1880 10. Jews and the German language Part III. Race, Gender, Body, Biology: 11. Ambiguous roles: the racial factor in American womanhood 12. Citizenship embodied: racialized gender and the construction of nationhood in the United States 13. Body matters: race, gender, and perceptions of physical ability from Goethe to Weininger 14. A horse breeder's perspective: scientific racism in Germany, 1870-1933 15. The thin line between eugenics and preventive medicine.

Haydn and His World

Abstract: Preface and AcknowledgmentsHaydn, Shakespeare, and the Rules of Originality3The Creation, Haydn's Late Vocal Music, and the Musical Sublime57Haydn's London Piano Trios and His Salomon String Quartets: Private vs. Public?103The Symphony as Pindaric Ode131Representing the Aristocracy: The Operatic Haydn and Le pescatrici154Haydn as Orator: A Rhetorical Analysis of His Keyboard Sonata in D Major, Hob.XVI:42201The Demise of Philosophical Listening: Haydn in the Nineteenth Century255A Yearbook of Music in Vienna and Prague 1796ISpecial Friends, Protectors, and Connoisseurs in ViennaIIVirtuosos and Amateurs in ViennaIIIAmateur Concerts289Remarks on the Development of the Art of Music in Germany in the Eighteenth Century (1801)321Joseph Haydn's Library: An Attempt at a Literary-Historical Reconstruction395Index463List of Contributors473

After Unity: Reconfiguring German Identities

Abstract: The unification of Germany is the most important change in Central Europe in the last four decades. Understanding this rapid and unforeseen development has raised old fears as well as inspired new hopes. In order to make sense out of the bewildering process and to help both expert and lay readers understand the changes and consequences, an American historian and a German social scientist put together this collection of central texts on German unification, the first of its kind. An invaluable reference tool.

Migrants refugees and foreign policy: U.S. and German policies toward countries of origin.

Abstract: This book contains 10 essays by various authors on the relationships between foreign policies and international migration movements. "A number of essays in this volume show how the foreign policies of the United States and Germany have directly or inadvertently contributed to the influx from the former Yugoslavia Mexico the Caribbean and the former Soviet Union. Now faced with growing resistance to admitting foreigners into their countries both governments have once again been using foreign-policy instruments in an effort to change the conditions in the refugees countries of origin that forced them to leave. This volume addresses questions such as which policies can influence governments to improve their human rights protect minorities end internal strife reduce the level of violence or improve economic conditions so that large numbers of people need not leave their homes." (EXCERPT)

"Ordinary Men" or "Ideological Soldiers"? Police Battalion 310 in Russia, 1942

Abstract: We police went by the phrase, 'Whatever serves the state is right, whatever harms the state is wrong.' ... it never ever entered my head that these orders could be wrong. Although I am aware that it is the duty of the police to protect the innocent I was however at that time convinced that the Jewish people were not innocent but guilty. I believed all the propaganda that Jews were criminals and subhuman.... The thought that one should oppose or evade the order to take part in the extermination of the Jews never entered my head either.1

From Post-War to Post-Wall Generations : Changing Attitudes Toward the National Question and NATO in the Federal Republic of Germany

Abstract: Introduction: The Evolution of National-Security Consciousness in the Postwar German Federal Republic, 19491989 The Problem of Generations: Identity Formation and the New Unencumberedness What Does It Mean to Be German? From Beethoven and Beer, to BMWs and Bitburg Perceptions of the Other Germany: Reunification, maybe, But Id Hate to Vacation There The FRGs Role in NATO: Defining Partnership and Its Discontents Successor Generations and Security Doctrines: Deterrence, yes, but not in my Backyard Generational Differences and the Gender Gap: Security Consciousness Among West German Women What It Means to Be Non-German: After Unity, the Deluge Conclusion: From Two States in One Nation to One Volk in Two Cultures.

Germans divided : the 1994 Bundestag elections and the evolution of the German party system

Abstract: This expert analysis -- the sequel to Dalton's The New Germany Votes -- looks at how unification is affecting German electoral politics, and focuses on the 1994 Bundestag elections. The unsettling process of Unification affected voters and parties in both East and West Germany and made it very difficult for the main parties to offer coherent programmes that addressed the nation's needs. Particular attention is paid to the problems of recreating the party system in a unified state and the voters' responses to unification. In addition, the book analyzes the political and partisan events following the election to track the future course of German politics. The growing divide between eastern and western Germans in terms of their evaluation of German unification and their views on contemporary politics is also discussed. This book constitutes a comprehensive overview of the social and political forces in Germany today which are shaping electoral politics and the future of the nation.

The cinema of Wim Wenders : image, narrative, and the postmodern condition

Abstract: "The Cinema of Wim Wenders" is a unique anthology of source materials and selected essays on the films of Wim Wenders, a major filmmaker in the so-called New German Cinema movement. Although arguably the leading European filmmaker of the last two decades, Wenders has not received as much attention by scholars in the United States or in Europe as some of his colleagues who also had their beginnings in New German Cinema, like Rainer Werner Fassbinder and Margarethe von Trotta. "The Cinema of Wim Wenders", the first anthology of scholarly work on Wenders, serves as an introduction to the central concerns of his cinema while situating his work within German film history and the contemporary debates about postmodern film and media theory. The first section of the book features essays by Wenders that chronicle important shifts and continuities in his work over the last 15 years. The voice-over to his short "Reverse Angle", a diary film made in New York for French television, is published here for the first time. These essays are complemented by excerpts from interviews that offer Wenders' own informal and personal perspectives on the central television that inform his films and writings, concluding with an interview conducted in 1994 by Gerd Gemunden, one of the anthology's editors, in which Wenders responds to the disappointing reception of "Faraway, So Close!". His work, probably more than that of any other European director, reflects the tension between the European "auteur" tradition and the increasing dominance of the American media industry. In both his filmmaking and his critical writing, he explores how the relationship between image and narrative manifests the basic opposition between these two film traditions. The second part of the book consists of contributions by ten American and European scholars exploring aspects of Wenders' work and his films, including "Paris, Texas", "Faraway, So Close!" and "Wings of Desire", among others. Differing significantly in methodology and scope, the essays all trace and theorise the twists and turns Wenders' work has taken amidst concurrent changes in contemporary European and American history, film history, cultural production, media technology and aesthetics. A filmography and bibliograhy on Wenders complete this comprehensive collection.

Social transformation and the family in post-communist Germany

Abstract: Preface List of Tables List of Charts Notes on the Contributors Introduction: Social Transformation and the Family: Issues and Development Eva Kolinsky PART 1: FAMILIES AND FAMILY POLICY Women and Women's Policies in East and West Germany, 1945-1990 Hildegard Maria Nickel Family Policy and Family Function in the German Democratic Republic Mike Dennis Social Protection and Family Transformation: Speculations on the German Agenda Steen Mangen Family Policy as Social Policy in Unified Germany: Framework and Process Ilona Ostner PART 2: SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION AND FAMILY CHALLENGE Economic Transformation and Income Change Christopher Flockton Recasting Biographies: Women and the Family Eva Kolinsky Women's Career Choices after the Collapse of the East German Employment Society: Ingrid Hoelzler Young People and the Family Hans Oswald Family Support of Older People in Post-Communist Germany Thomas Scharf Conclusion: The Family Transformed: Structures, Experiences, Prospects Eva Kolinsky Select Bibliography Index

The Austro-Prussian War : Austria's war with Prussia and Italy in 1866

Abstract: 1. Strategy and tactics in 1866 2. Origins of the Austro-Prussian War 3. War plans and mobilization 4. Italy declares war 5. Custoza 6. Podol, Vysokov, and Trautenau 7. Munchengratz, Burkersdorf and Skalice 8. Jicin and Benedek's flight to Koennigratz 9. Koennigratz: Benedek's stand in the 'Bystrice Pocket' 10. Koennigratz: Moltke's envelopment 11. Aftermath: the peace and Europe, 1866-1914.

The German Currency Union of 1990: A Critical Assessment

Abstract: Foreword S.Frowen & J.Hslscher - Introduction S.Frowen & J.Hslscher - The Dimensions of German Economic Unification: Keynote Address S.Frowen - PART 1: INTERNATIONAL CONSEQUENCES - The Deutsche Mark Exchange Rate Impact R.Konig - Comment C.A.E.Goodhart - German Currency Union and the Crises in the European Monetary System D.Cobham - Comment H.Riese - German Monetary Union and Its Implications for the Rest of Europe R.Barrell - Comment A.Jacobsen -The Investment Diversion Effects of German Unification: Supplementary Comment G.Pugh - PART 2: MONETARY POLICY AND GOODS MARKETS - Options to Resolve the 'Bad-Asset-Problem' H.Tomann - Comment David Homer - Incentives for Growth and Development E.O.Smith - Comment L.Copeland - Institutional Change and Economic Behaviour: Some Empirical Results, Supplementary Comment U.Mummert - The Privatisation of the East-German Economy. The Roles of the 'Treuhandanstalt' C.Kohler - Comment J.Hslscher - PART 3: THE ROLE OF MONETARY POLICY RECONSIDERED - United German Currency Sphere: Challenges for Both Parts of Germany N.Kloten - Comment S.Dow - The Impact on German Monetary Policy P.Bofinger - Comment G.McKenzie - Currency Reform and Currency Union: A Comparison between 1948 and 1990 S.Tober - Comment V.Chick - Comment J.Jerger - Index