Showing papers in "Hispania in 2001"
TL;DR: In this paper, the benefits of enhanced written input, premised on the roles of attention and awareness in second/foreign language (L2) learning, have produced mixed results in SLA literature.
Abstract: The benefits of enhanced written input, premised on the roles of attention and awareness (notic- ing) in second/foreign language (L2) learning, have produced mixed results in SLA literature. One plausible explanation may be offline data elicitation procedures typically used to measure the impact (or lack thereof) of enhancement. Employing a more robust online research design to address this issue, think-aloud protocols were gathered to establish that first-year college-level participants (38) indeed noticed targeted linguistic forms (Spanish formal imperatives) while reading an enhanced or unenhanced text. Their performances on immedi- ate and delayed recognition and written production tasks were subsequently submitted to both quantitative and qualitative analyses. Results indicated no significant benefits of written input enhancement over unen- hanced written input for (1) the amount of reported noticing of Spanish formal imperatives, (2) readers' com- prehension, or (3) readers' intake. Theoretical, methodological, and pedagogical implications are discussed.
204 citations
TL;DR: This paper showed that processing instruction has an overall greater effect than meaning-based output instruction (MOI) on how learners interpret and produce the Spanish subjunctive of doubt, while MOI did not have nearly the effect on interpretation as PI.
Abstract: Twenty-nine subjects enrolled in a fourth-semester Spanish course were assigned to one of two treatments: processing instruction and meaning-based output instruction. The results show that processing instruction (PI) has an overall greater effect than meaning-based output instruction (MOI) on how learners interpret and produce the Spanish subjunctive of doubt. MOI did not have nearly the effect on interpretation as PI. MOI did have a positive impact on what learners were able to produce, but this effect was no greater than the PI influence on production. These results emphasize the important role of input in second language acquisition and the benefits of processing instruction in particular. Although Collentine (1998) stated that most uses of the subjunctive do not lend themselves to PI, this study has shown that input can be structured in such a way that the subjunctive is more easily processed by L2 learners of Spanish.
126 citations
TL;DR: The pre-Columbian era, 1519-1620, 1620-1770: Spanish colonialism and American society 5. Reconstruction, 1867-1940 7. The monopoly party, 1940-2000 8. The Fox administration, 2000-6 9. Cultural developments since Independence Final comments Bibliography as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Chronology Preface 1. Mexico in perspective 2. The pre-Columbian era 3. The European incursion, 1519-1620 4. New Spain, 1620-1770: Spanish colonialism and American society 5. Destabilisation and fragmentation, 1770-1867 6. Reconstruction, 1867-1940 7. The monopoly party, 1940-2000 8. The Fox administration, 2000-6 9. Cultural developments since Independence Final comments Bibliography.
70 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose the development of interdisciplinary short-term study-abroad programs to show students the interdisciplinary relevance of language study and to encourage non-language majors to study abroad in programs where English is not the principal language of instruction.
Abstract: In order to show students the interdisciplinary relevance of language study and to encourage non- language majors to study abroad in programs where English is not the principal language of instruction, we propose the development of interdisciplinary short-term study-abroad programs. Using our course in cultural and environmental conservation in Latin America as a model, we offer evidence that short-term programs can provide students with an initial exposure to Latin American culture and diversity, give them a different per- spective on their own field of study, spark their interest in further language study, and inspire them to find a way to fit a semester- or year-long study-abroad experience into their academic careers.
43 citations
TL;DR: Kevane and Heredia as mentioned in this paper give writers the opportunity to talk about how they began to write, the craft of writing, the conjunction of life, art and politics, literary influences, and their goals as artists, and readers will meet Julia Alvarez, Denise Chavez, Sandra Cisneros, Rosario Ferre, Cristina Garcia, Nicholasa Mohr, Cherrie Moraga, Judith Ortiz Cofer, Esmeralda Santiago, and Helena Maria Viramontes.
Abstract: Embracing Chicana, Cuban, Dominican, and Puerto Rican writers and writers descended from a combined US and Latin American heritage, Latina literature is one of the fastest growing and most exciting fields in fiction This literature is characterised by revisionist views of recent history, a concern with exile and borders, a blending of genres, and a complex understanding of the term feminist In these ten interviews, Kevane and Heredia give writers the opportunity to talk about how they began to write, the craft of writing, the conjunction of life, art and politics, literary influences, and their goals as artists Readers will meet Julia Alvarez, Denise Chavez, Sandra Cisneros, Rosario Ferre, Cristina Garcia, Nicholasa Mohr, Cherrie Moraga, Judith Ortiz Cofer, Esmeralda Santiago, and Helena Maria Viramontes The writers' personal and literary journeys vividly portrayed in these interviews will enrich and enhance the readers' understanding of this exciting field The volume also includes bibliographies of the writers' work
35 citations
TL;DR: This article examined Afro-Puerto Rican literary texts, some well known, most quite obscure, and concluded that in most instances there are few signs of incipient creolization, only the speech of second-language learners of Spanish.
Abstract: The nature of Afro-Hispanic language as depicted in Caribbean literature is the subject of considerable controversy. In addition to the fact that nearly all texts were literary imitations written by white authors, the documents themselves exhibit considerable heterogeneity and inconsistency. Central to the debate is whether Afro-Hispanic language used by African-born slaves and their immediate descendents ever coalesced into a stable creole - i.e. a restructured Spanish learned natively by subsequent generations - and whether such Afro-Hispanic language ever re-entered mainstream Caribbean Spanish, leaving a permanent imprint. This study examines Afro-Puerto Rican literary texts, some well known, most quite obscure, and concludes that in most instances there are few signs of incipient creolization, only the speech of second-language learners of Spanish. Moreover, in some instances other Afro-Caribbean creole languages brought to Puerto Rico, for example Papiamento from Curacao, may have contributed creole-like traits to the Afro-Puerto Rican literary texts.
33 citations
TL;DR: The authors suggest that social factors conditioning language use and performance are very important at the postsecondary level as well, but the impact of these factors on adult- age learners is of a quite different nature.
Abstract: A number of SLA studies indicate that social factors play a crucial role in the language use and performance of second-language learners participating in immersion experiences. Tarone and Swain (1995) described the impact of social pressures in the language choice of primary-level learners, indicating that is- sues of identity and group acceptance may impede use of the immersion language in informal interactions since learners lack a socially-appropriate vernacular. We suggest that social factors conditioning language use and performance are very important at the postsecondary level as well, but the impact of these factors on adult- age learners is of a quite different nature. The diglossic situation created in many primary-level immersion classrooms appears not to be characteristic of immersion learning among adults. For adults, target language use appears to be the most acceptable norm in encounters both inside and outside of the classroom, leading to immersion "societies" which benefit those participants who already demonstrate higher levels of proficiency in both academic and non-academic interactions. Learners at lower levels of L2 proficiency may be excluded, either voluntarily or involuntarily, from the social community of higher-level learners, thus depriving them of potentially beneficial interactions with more advanced learners and, on socio-psychological grounds, imped- ing their L2 acquisition. Theoretical and pedagogical implications for postsecondary level immersion programs are addressed.
26 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a set of activities that combine cultural understanding and language practice in Spanish courses at three different levels in their study-abroad program, including journaling, debriefing, thematic articulation, and the use of web-delivered writing exercises.
Abstract: A director of a January term in Spain presents the rationale associated with the design of a set of activities that combine cultural understanding and language practice in Spanish courses at three different levels in their study-abroad program. Specific activities that stimulate the use of the target language during a brief study-abroad experience as well as a deeper understanding of the host culture are described. The activities include journaling, debriefing, thematic articulation, and the use of web-delivered writing exercises.
22 citations
21 citations
17 citations
TL;DR: A corpus of novels and short stories containing Spanish/English code-switching offers a rich source of metalinguistic references reflecting the sociolinguistic pressures faced by Spanish speakers in the United States as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A corpus of novels and short stories containing Spanish/English code-switching offers a rich source of metalinguistic references reflecting the sociolinguistic pressures faced by Spanish speakers in the United States. Issues represented include: heritage language loss or maintenance, motivations for the acquisition of English or of Spanish, attitudes toward the speakers of each language and toward its different varieties, and beliefs concerning who may use which languages and for what purposes. These texts suggest several implications for use in programs of Spanish for Native Speakers as well as in undergraduate courses in Spanish linguistics. Works from this body of literature can be used in the classroom to raise interest in and awareness of personal and societal language attitudes, and of the challenges to Spanish language maintenance. These texts also present many interesting examples of language variation.
TL;DR: Teresa de Avila as mentioned in this paper describes the inward movement of the soul and the incoherent, impressionistic quality of her prose results from the amassment of disparate metaphors that ultimately transcend word and image, deconstructing all rational notions of God.
Abstract: Catholicism distinguishes between two different approaches to spirituality. Apophatic, or negative spirituality stresses interiority, imageless-ness and wordlessness. Kataphatic, or positive spirituality is image-driven and uses analogies to speak of God. Teresa de Avila draws on both traditions. Inspired by Francisco de Osuna's practice of recogimiento, Teresa describes the inward movement of the soul. The incoherent, impressionistic quality of her prose results from the amassment of disparate metaphors that ultimately transcend word and image, deconstructing all rational notions of God. However, her familiarity with Ignatius's Ejercicios espirituales made her acutely aware of the effectiveness of image to spur spiritual experience, and she builds on images of Christ and the Virgin in order to overcome spiritual dryness and intensify prayer. The apophatic-kataphatic dialectic creates an exquisite tension in her work.
TL;DR: Today's Web-based course management programs offer ways to reduce the amount of time teachers spend on clerical duties, repetitive tasks, and record keeping and can become tools for addressing the pressing problems of growing numbers of students and classes in a time of shrinking numbers of qualified language teachers.
Abstract: Today's Web-based course management programs offer ways to reduce the amount of time teachers spend on clerical duties, repetitive tasks, and record keeping. They blend text, images, audio, and video into a unique instructional medium and make it available to students wherever they have access to the Internet, twenty-four hours a day and seven days a week. With proper training and rewards for teachers, these programs can become tools for addressing the pressing problems of growing numbers of students and classes in a time of shrinking numbers of qualified language teachers.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce a set of new social categories, deriving from an structuralist analytical model (elites of power and of participation), and a theoretical and methodological framework for the study of urban power subsystems.
Abstract: This paper deals with one of the elements that forms the urban political system, the urban power subsystem, and with new analytical strategies for its study. Starting with the understanding of the urban world from a systemic point of view, the article questions both the notion of power and the terms and mechanisms of social classification more generally used in urban research (dominant and leading class, aristocracy, patriciate, oligarchy...). It introduces a set of new social categories, deriving from an structuralist analytical model (elites of power and of participation), and a theoretical and methodological framework for the study of urban power subsystems. This framework stresses the understanding of power in terms of resources, and the extensive use of methodologies such as prosopography and social networks.
TL;DR: In this article, the ideological foundations of the purge and its mechanisms are analyzed and discussed in depth, and an account of its global results and a full explanation of the inquisitorial character with which the whole process was impregnated.
Abstract: The recent publication of several works on the ideological purge of teachers during and after the Civil War enables us to undertake an initial evaluation and integration of quantitative and qualitative analyses. At the same time, it provides us with parallel studies that show similarities and differences in the purges carried out in several Spanish provinces. All of this in turn allows us to estimate, based on incomplete but well-established data, the overall magnitude of the purge. In this article, the ideological foundations of the purge and its mechanisms are analysed and discussed in depth. In addition, I present an account of its global results and a full explanation of the inquisitorial character with which the whole process was impregnated. The homogeneity of the process in terms of legislation and the criteria established throughout are presented and thoroughly discussed as well. Finally, the repressive action exerted on teachers is framed within the educational policy of Franco’s regime and its obsession with eliminating any form of educational reform left from the Republic.
TL;DR: For instance, le deplacement de la forme en -se de l'imparfait du subjonctif is identifie comme a marque of l'independance linguistique precedant l'independentance politique as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Des etudes ont montre le role joue par les facteurs socio-politiques dans la formation de l'espagnol mexicain. Par exemple, le deplacement de la forme en -se de l'imparfait du subjonctif est identifie comme une marque de l'independance linguistique precedant l'independance politique. Cette forme a survecu dans l'espagnol du Texas - alors qu'elle a disparu au Mexique - parce qu'elle y avait acquis une valeur sociale au cours de l'epoque coloniale. Cette valeur est due au fait que les habitants de cette region sont restes fideles a la couronne bien apres l'independance mexicaine de 1821, et que la langue a gagne un role plus marque dans les distinctions des classes sociales
TL;DR: In this paper, Angel Loureiro proposes an ethics of autobiography that will change the way the genre is perceived, and analyzes four of the most fascinating autobiographies written by Spanish exiles: "The Life of Joseph Blanco White, who lived from 1775 to 1841, "Memoria de la Melancolia" by Maria Teresa Leon (1904-1988), "Coto vedado" by Juan Goytisolo (born 1931), and "Literature or Life" by Jorge Semprun (born 1923).
Abstract: In this new book, Angel Loureiro proposes an ethics of autobiography that will change the way the genre is perceived. Previous studies of autobiography have focused primarily on the strategies of self-knowledge or self-creation displayed in writing about self. This emphasis on cognition leaves many unanswered questions, Loureiro asserts, because a fundamental dimension of the genre, what he calls the ethics of autobiography, has escaped critical attention up to now.To address this oversight, Loureiro draws from his own experiences as well as from a wide range of previous theoretical works on autobiography, especially from the writings of Emmanuel Levinas, who believed that the self does not begin as a self-positing consciousness but as a response to an address from the other. On this basis, Loureiro then brilliantly traces the complex interplays between the political, discursive, rhetorical, and ethical dimensions of autobiography.After laying out these theoretical foundations, Loureiro puts them to work in analyzing four of the most fascinating autobiographies written by Spanish exiles: \"The Life of Joseph Blanco White,\" who lived from 1775 to 1841, \"Memoria de la Melancolia\" by Maria Teresa Leon (1904-1988), \"Coto vedado\" and \"En los reinos de taifa\" by Juan Goytisolo (born 1931), and \"Literature or Life\" by Jorge Semprun (born 1923). The lives of these authors, all of whom were exiled for political reasons, were disrupted by some of the most crucial events in Spain's tortuous road to modernity and democracy.The book closes with a discussion of why there have been so few critical examinations of autobiographies written in modern Spain. Loureiro proposes that, even in today's Spain, stifling social and political forces smother ethical responsibility, which is an essential ingredient in creating autobiographies that dare to be more than a humdrum inventory of personal recollections. Only in exile have Spanish authors seemed able to find the conditions to write their lives in a truly responsible manner. This answer to a call that grounds the subject in an other is ultimately the only form of truth available in autobiography.
TL;DR: The role of Portuguese conversos in the illegal trade that developed as a consequence of the commercial blockade politics deployed by the Spanish Monarchy, initially against the United Provinces and later over France and Portugal, is discussed in this paper.
Abstract: In this article, we see the important role that the Portuguese conversos played in the illegal trade that developed as a consequence of the commercial blockade politics deployed by the Spanish Monarchy, initially against the United Provinces and, later, over France and Portugal. The Portuguese business houses used the breaking of the truce with Holland in 1621 to become a channel for the development an important contraband trade. They had a commercial presence along the key points of the commercial routes from Amsterdam to Madrid and controlled some of the most important customhouses. Analysis of the routes, the people involved and the methods to develop this smuggling trade gives us a clearer view about the role of the Portuguese conversos. The attempts of the monarchy to break this traffic proved unsuccessful because of the venality of the royal officials, the predisposition to forgive the smugglers in return for a share of the profits, and the powerful demand for imports from northern Europe. The concession of licenses to import products from the enemy powers, and the subsequent abuses, entailed recognition of this failure. The participation in this contraband was essential for the enrichment of the business houses of the conversos that came from the northeast of Portugal and soon integrated in the business of rent farming. However, these activities generated intense opposition, blaming the Portuguese converso merchants of draining the kingdom to the benefit of its enemies.
TL;DR: In this article, the main characteristics of chemistry textbooks written by Pedro Gutierrez Bueno (1745-1822), a pharmacist who taught chemistry in several institutions during the late eighteenth century, were examined.
Abstract: This paper is part of a general research project on the role that chemistry played in transforming experimental pharmacology during nineteenth-century Spain. Within this general framework, this paper deals with the main characteristics of chemistry textbooks written by Pedro Gutierrez Bueno (1745-1822), a pharmacist who taught chemistry in several institutions during the late eighteenth century. In an earlier paper, we have analysed the intended public of the first edition of Gutierrez Bueno`s textbook. This paper deals with the changing institutional context in which the second edition was published. This issue is closely connected with substantial transformations in the relationship between chemistry and pharmacy that took place during this period. Therefore, Gutierrez Bueno`s ideas about this problem are examined as well as his major role in appropriating some of Antoine Fourcroy`s views on chemistry and pharmacy.
TL;DR: In this paper, a modelo didictico for ensefianza de actos de habla del espafiol usando el cine como medio de instrucci6n.
Abstract: Hoy en dia la ensefianza de la pragmaitica en clases de lenguas extranjeras es un elemento esencial del curriculo. Sin embargo, la falta de visiones pedag6gicas para su ensefianza obstaculiza su aplicaci6n en el aula. En este articulo se presenta un modelo didictico para la ensefianza de actos de habla del espafiol usando el cine como medio de instrucci6n. El prop6sito de este modelo es despertar el sentido pragmfitico del alum- no con la intenci6n de activar esas reglas pragmaticas universales que nos ayudan en la comunicacion. Ade- mas se pretende exponer a los estudiantes de espafiol a las reglas pragmaiticas del espafiol, su uso y contexto.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The loan words we use for periodization in pre-1700 Spanish literature are mostly borrowings from art history as discussed by the authors, and unless we believe in the Zeitgeist, all these terms are irrelevant to literature, except mannerism.
Abstract: The loan words we use for periodization in pre-1700 Spanish literature are mostly borrowings from art history. Unless we believe in the Zeitgeist, all these terms are irrelevant to literature, except mannerism. Golden Age is borrowed from the history of literature in Latin. Of late, there is a tendency to use "early mod- em" in lieu of "Golden Age." This puts that era of tremendous innovation and productivity on a level with other periods and further diminishes it by making it merely a precursor to modernity. Unlike Charlie Chaplin, the levelers have a high opinion of modem times. My modest proposal: neither a borrower nor a leveler be. In- stead, use sixteenth century for Renaissance, seventeenth century for Baroque, etc. Banishing consecrated but freighted terms--not without controversy itself-will diminish ambiguity and contentiousness in critical discourse over the long run.
TL;DR: The first general tax in Catalonia, the bovatge or bovaticum, was introduced in the second half of the twelfth century as discussed by the authors, which was a tax which the entire population was obliged to pay according to the wealth of its inhabitants, which required the consent the Church and the nobility.
Abstract: The present article is an attempt to study the first general tax levied in Catalonia —the bovatge or bovaticum— from a political and institutional perspective. The bovatge was the first tax imposed on a general basis for the entire territory, a prelude to medieval Catalonia's new fiscal administration. It was a tax, which the entire population was obliged to pay according to the wealth of its inhabitants, which required the consent the Church and the nobility and which was justified and utilised to finance wars. Following the process of consolidation of a tax of this type helps understand and exemplify how the highly fragmented Catalonian counties developed into a feudal state during the second half of the twelfth century.
TL;DR: In this article, a seminal chapter explores the relationship between patriarchal power and its rigid expectations of heteronormative male identity by analyzing the ways in which Machado's male characters are haunted by specters of inadequacy and impotence, inflicting painful psychological wounds on them.
Abstract: Luiz Fernando Valente’s seminal chapter explores the relationship between patriarchal power and its rigid expectations of heteronormative male identity by analyzing the ways in which Machado’s male characters are haunted by specters of inadequacy and impotence, inflicting painful psychological wounds on them. Valente demonstrates how Machado’s works, particularly the short stories “Wedding Song” (1883) and “Midnight Mass” (1894) and novel Lord Taciturn (1899), reveal wounds that dictate masculine identities and permanently distort these characters’ relationships. Although Machado’s analysis is grounded in the social and historical context of nineteenth-century Brazil, Valente argues thatit contains a modern treatment of gender issues and reveals an understanding of questions of masculinity that is far ahead of its time.
TL;DR: This article investigated the effects of modality, information type and language experience on recall by FL learners of Spanish and found that recall was significantly better in the written modality than in the aural for intermediate learners.
Abstract: This study investigated the effects of modality, information type and language experience on recall by FL learners of Spanish. Fifty-four intermediate and advanced level university students participated in this study by reading and listening to an expository passage, and then performing a recall task. The protocols were statistically analyzed for recall of main ideas, supporting ideas, details, and total recall. The results showed that recall was significantly better in the written modality than in the aural for intermediate learners. Only main idea recall across modalities was significantly different for intermediate vs. advanced learners. More- over, only the advanced group evidenced a significant difference between recall of main ideas vs. supporting ideas and details. In addition, in the advanced group, a significant effect of modality was seen only for main idea (MIR), while in the intermediate group, modality had a significant effect only on supporting ideas (SPIR) and details (DTR). Finally, significant differences in recall were found between intermediate- and advanced- level participants only in the aural modality. Implications for research and pedagogy are discussed.
TL;DR: The evolution of the opinion conservadora espanola a lo largo de la primera mitad del siglo XIX in relation with el surgimiento del nacionalismo is described in this article.
Abstract: Se describe en este articulo la evolucion de la opinion conservadora espanola a lo largo de la primera mitad del siglo XIX en relacion con el surgimiento del nacionalismo. Al principio, la nueva formulacion de la legitimidad politica en terminos nacionales no fue bien recibida en los medios conservadores. La procedencia revolucionaria de la teoria de la soberania nacional resultaba sospechosa para quienes estaban acostumbrados a justificar la obediencia al poder en terminos religiosos y de legitimidad dinastica. Hacia la cuarta o quinta decada del siglo, en plena moda romantica y bajo la influencia del pensamiento de Balmes, la opinion catolica comenzo a aceptar la nueva vision del mundo en terminos nacionales, siempre que se identificara estrictamente Espana con el catolicismo.