Showing papers in "Ibm Systems Journal in 1963"
TL;DR: The principal approaches to random-access file organization and addressing are reviewed and the relation between sorting and random- access file addressing is clarified by viewing both as belonging to a common class of ordering operations.
Abstract: The principal approaches to random-access file organization and addressing are reviewed in this paper. The review is general, in the sense that it is relatively independent of specific equipment. In the case of a number of unsettled questions, the author's evaluations of alternatives are included.
The relation between sorting and random-access file addressing is clarified by viewing both as belonging to a common class of ordering operations. Basic considerations of both sequential and randomaccess approaches, arithmetical key-to-address transformation methods with their overflow problems, and table lookup methods are discussed.
Results of an experimental analysis of key transformation techniques are presented.
65 citations
IBM1
TL;DR: An algorithm applicable to the problem of locating supply points optimally with respect to transportation costs is given and repeated application with judicious selections of alternative starting values will assure a good, if not optimal, solution.
Abstract: An algorithm applicable to the problem of locating supply points optimally with respect to transportation costs is given.
Although the algorithm may fail to converge to an optimal solution, repeated application with judicious selections of alternative starting values will assure a good, if not optimal, solution.
The algorithm has been tested and some sample results are included.
65 citations
TL;DR: Formulas are derived for the average number of record references required to retrieve a record from a file in case the records are loaded without regard for relative frequency of reference and in case each set of records with a common home address is arranged in order of decreasing frequency ofreference.
Abstract: Formulas are derived for the average number of record references required to retrieve a record from a file (a) in case the records are loaded without regard for relative frequency of reference and (b) in case each set of records with a common home address is arranged in order of decreasing frequency of reference.
The formulas are first derived under the assumption that the mapping from keys to addresses is "random." Finally, an informal argument is given which suggests the formulas will also hold under a familiar "pseudo-random" mapping based on the use of division, provided the keys have a certain property commonly encountered in practice.
38 citations
TL;DR: A method of representing the gross characteristics of an information system within a dynamic model of the firm and, indirectly, that of the information system is measured in accordance with usual financial accounting practice.
Abstract: A method of representing the gross characteristics of an information system within a dynamic model of the firm is presented.
The performance of the firm and, indirectly, that of the information system is measured in accordance with usual financial accounting practice.
The procedure is demonstrated by simulations (programmed using a general purpose simulator) conducted with a specific model of a hypothetical manufacturing firm.
35 citations
TL;DR: The construction of project representations called networks are constructed which pictorialize the relationships among the component activities of the particular project under consideration.
Abstract: PERT 1,2
, LESS
3
, CPM
4,5
and other techniques applied to the planning, scheduling and control of projects involve the construction of project representations called networks which pictorialize the relationships among the component activities of the particular project under consideration.
15 citations
TL;DR: This paper outlines a systematic method of designing a data processing tape system utilizing currently available types of equipment and tends to focus special attention on the critical system functions and the critical relations between functions.
Abstract: This paper outlines a systematic method of designing a data processing tape system utilizing currently available types of equipment.
Primary effort was devoted to obtaining a procedure which would approach an "optimal" system design.
The method presented is an iterative procedure which tends to focus special attention on the critical system functions and the critical relations between functions.
14 citations
IBM1
TL;DR: Motivation and application of the algorithm are demonstrated by means of a problem related to the monthly water inflow to Lake Tiberias which had to be resolved in connection with the "Israeli Integrated Water Supply" project now under construction.
Abstract: An algorithm is given to generate additional input data for simulations when some, but insuficient, historical data are available. The additional data generated are statistically "similar" to the historical.
Motivation and application of the algorithm are demonstrated by means of a problem related to the monthly water inflow to Lake Tiberias which had to be resolved in connection with the "Israeli Integrated Water Supply" project now under construction.
The algorithm is a variant of a method previously used by Thomas and Fiering in hydrological studies.
12 citations
TL;DR: This paper reviews the procedure of evolving statistical classification rules and demonstrates computationally the effectiveness of the technique by means of an example.
Abstract: This paper reviews the procedure of evolving statistical classification rules.
Selection of variables, methods of classtfication, selection of a decision rule, and the problem of analyzing effectiveness of the technique are considered.
The procedure is demonstrated computationally by means of an example.
10 citations
TL;DR: An experimental pattern recognition system for the magnetic ink character font now used in the banking industry is described, based on a linear decision function determined by means of a variant of an "adaptive training" technique due to Rosenblatt.
Abstract: This paper is concerned with application of linear decision functions to the pattern identification problem and describes an experimental pattern recognition system for the magnetic ink character font now used in the banking industry.
The system is based on a linear decision function determined by means of a variant of an "adaptive training" technique due to Rosenblatt.
The system has been partially implemented (in part, through simulation with aid of a digital computer and, in part, by hardware) and experimental results in using the system are reported.
10 citations
TL;DR: The present paper considers the underlying design concepts of IBSYS/IBJOB, an integrated programming and operating system and the historical background and over-all structure of the system are discussed.
Abstract: The present paper considers the underlying design concepts of IBSYS/IBJOB, an integrated programming and operating system.
The historical background and over-all structure of the system are discussed.
Flow of jobs through the IBJOB processor, as controlled by the monitor, is also described.
8 citations
TL;DR: The principal data processing procedures now applied within many manufacturing industries to the "requirements generation" problem are introduced.
Abstract: This paper introduces the principal data processing procedures now applied within many manufacturing industries to the "requirements generation" problem.
The procedures discussed take into consideration certain related problems in production planning and inventory control.
The nature of the various problems is illustrated and flow charts for the principal procedures are included.
TL;DR: Alternative philosophies of multiprocessing are discussed and, in particular, a concept which enables coupling an IBM 7090 and an IBM 7040 to meet this objective is discussed.
Abstract: Interconnecting processors is one approach to organizing a computer facility to better serve its users.
The objective of such system organization is to reduce the elapsed time a job resides in the system (turnaround time) while simultaneously increasing the workload the equipment can handle (throughput.)
Alternative philosophies of multiprocessing are discussed and, in particular, a concept which enables coupling an IBM 7090 and an IBM 7040 to meet this objective. In this system the smaller machine performs supervisory and input-output functions while the larger one performs program assembly and computation.
TL;DR: The structure and operation of the system's loader is outlined and descriptions of the algorithms employed by the loader for symbolic unit assignment and bufer allocation are included.
Abstract: This paper outlines the structure and operation of the system's loader.
The new system functions which affect the loader are related to the additional functions which the loader performs.
Descriptions of the algorithms employed by the loader for symbolic unit assignment and bufer allocation are included.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss motivation for the inclusion of these features, and traces their influence upon the internal structure of the assembly program, and present a discussion of the influence of such features on program segmentation.
Abstract: Integrated system design leads to the inclusion of certain features in the assembly language for the convenience of compilers, and others for the convenience of program segmentation.
This paper discusses motivation for the inclusion of these features, and traces their influence upon the internal structure of the assembly program.
TL;DR: This paper, motivated by the classical work of Bush, discusses the possibilities of designing an information processing system based on intrinsic addressing techniques and suggests for the physical and programming system logic.
Abstract: This paper, motivated by the classical work of Bush, discusses the possibilities of designing an information processing system based on intrinsic addressing techniques.
The primary design objective is to develop a system with increased capability for non-numerical information processing.
Suggestions for the physical and programming system logic are outlined from a macroscopic point of view and some applications of the system are indicated.
TL;DR: The storage allocation algorithm considered brings programs and data into core as they are needed, directing the former to contiguous positions in lower core and the latter into contiguous positionsIn upper core.
Abstract: The storage allocation algorithm considered brings programs and data into core as they are needed, directing the former to contiguous positions in lower core and the latter into contiguous positions in upper core.
IBM1
TL;DR: The general considerations underlying the design of the system's COBOL compiler are discussed and attention is focused on certain techniques which are incorporated within the compiler.
Abstract: The general considerations underlying the design of the system's COBOL compiler are discussed.
A brief outline of the operation and structure of the compiler is included.
Finally, attention is focused on certain techniques which are incorporated within the compiler.
TL;DR: This paper describes the systems's 7090/94 FORTRAN compiler and indexing procedures for array reference and iteration control within the object programs produced by the compiler are detailed.
Abstract: This paper describes the systems's 7090/94 FORTRAN compiler. Comment is made on the design problem and objective.
The general structure and operation of the compiler are examined.
Indexing procedures for array reference and iteration control within the object programs produced by the compiler are detailed.
TL;DR: The new concepts involved in programming a particular data exchange computer are considered, which permit significant simplification of the system's programs as well as an increase in the overall system efiiency.
Abstract: The design of real-time commercial data processing systems includes special computers serving as communications control devices.
These special purpose stored-program "data exchange" computers, used in conjunction with standard data processors, permit significant simplification of the system's programs as well as an increase in the overall system efiiency.
This paper considers the new concepts involved in programming a particular data exchange computer.
TL;DR: This paper discusses the use of a computer to control data-taking in the laboratory--including the case of "closed-loop" control, and describes a particular system involving computer control of an x-ray diffractometer.
Abstract: This paper discusses the use of a computer to control data-taking in the laboratory--including the case of "closed-loop" control.
Illustration is provided by describing a particular system involving computer control of an x-ray diffractometer.
TL;DR: A programming technique is presented which permits switching from central to stand-by computer in case of failure, and it is applicable to a large class of commercial real-time systems which must function and uninterrupted manner.
Abstract: A programming technique is presented which permits switching from central to stand-by computer in case of failure. Switchover is accomplished automatically and without loss of data or interruption in service.
The technique is applicable to a large class of commercial real-time systems which must function and uninterrupted manner.
During the normal periods when both computers are operable, the programming system permits the second computer to be utilized independently for other data processing.
TL;DR: In this article, an algorithm is given to generate additional input data for simulations when some, but insuficient, historical data are available, and the additional data generated are statistically "similar" to the h...
Abstract: An algorithm is given to generate additional input data for simulations when some, but insuficient, historical data are available. The additional data generated are statistically "similar" to the h...
TL;DR: This is the first of a series of expository papers, to appear periodically, dealing with selected statistical techniques which can be conveniently applied with the use of a digital computer to a substantial range of practical problems.
Abstract: This is the first of a series of expository papers, to appear periodically, dealing with selected statistical techniques which can be conveniently applied with the use of a digital computer to a substantial range of practical problems. The present paper discusses a technique, developed by G. E. P. Box and K. B. Wilson, which permits solution of the problem of finding an optimum (or minimum) value without first finding the underlying mathematical model. Applications of the method and the accompanying programming problem are also considered.