Showing papers in "Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences in 1995"

Analgesic, Antipyretic And Antiulcerogenic Effects Of Andrographolide

Abstract: Andrographolide from Andrographis panicultata (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg, oral) has been studied for its analgesic, antipyretic and antiulcerogenic activities. Andrographolide did not show any analgesic activity in hot plate test in mice while it showed significant (P< 0.05) analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced writhing in mice and Randall Selitto's test in rats at 300 mg/kg dose. Andrographolide, (100 and 300 mg/kg, oral) produced significant (P < 0.05) antipyretic effect after 3h of administration in Brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. Andrographolide also possessed significant (p < 0.05) anti-ulcerogenic activity at 100 and 300 mg/kg doses, aspirin induced ulceration in rats.

Development Of Buccal Tablets Of Diltiazem Hydrochloride

Abstract: In an attempt to develop mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery drug system, multilayered tablets of diltiazem hydrochloride were prepared which gave an in-vitro drug release of 86%. In-situ testing was done using bovine check pouch membrane in a Franz diffusion cell.

Resealed Erythrocytes As Carriers For Salbutamol Sulphate

Abstract: Resealed erythrocytes as carriers for salbutamol sulphate were prepared as a novel drug delivery system for controlled release therepy by hypotonic haemolysis technique. In vitro drug release study was carried out by dialysis technique. The product was lyophillised. In vivo studies in guinea pigs using histamine chamber showed promising results.

In Vivo Antisnake Venom Activity Of A Furanoid Diterpene From Aristolochia Albida Duch (Aristolochiaceae)

Abstract: The antisnsake venom activity of a furanoid diterpene lactone isolated from the rhizome of Aristolochia albida (Family : Aristolochiaceae) was evaluated. The Whole animal (in vivo) studies were conducted using the mortality of male Swiss albino mice after intra-peritoneal (i.p.) injection of lethal doses (LD100), 8.75 mg/kg and 4.20 mg/kg of venoms of Naja nigricollis (spitting cobra) and Bitis arietans (puff-adder) respectively. The deterpene was found to significantly reduce the toxic symptoms and protect the mice against the lethal doses of these two snake species common found in Northern Nigeria. However, the compound is more effective against the venom of N.nigricollis (ED50=45 mg/kg) than that of B.arietans (ED50=74 mg/kg).

Characterization Of Ibuprofen Loaded Microcapsules Prepared By Ionotropic Gelation

Abstract: Calcium-induced freeflowing, spherical, smooth surfaced alginate microcapsules of ibuprofen were prepared by lonotropic gelation method. The preparation is based on dispersion of sodium alginate ibuprofen mixture in liquid paraffin followed by incurring coating process by calcium chloride as curing agent. Sodium alginate concentrations influenced the mean diameter, recovery, encapsulation efficiency, wall thickness, size distribution and release characteristics of the microcapsules. SEM, Polarizing microscopy, powder x-ray analysis and IR spectral analysis of microcapsules were also conducted.

Antiinflammatory Activity Of Some New 3-Substituted-4-Amino-5-Mercapto-4(H)-1,2,4-Triazoles

Abstract: Certain new 3-substitued-4-amino-5-mercapto-4(H)-1,2,4-triazoles having anilinomethyl group at the 3- position have been synthesised by the reaction of 4-substitutes anilinoacetic acid hydrazides (2A-F) successively with alcoholic potassium hydroxide – carbon disulfide and hydrazine hydrate. These compounds have been characterized by spectral data and are evaluated for their antiinflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and cotton pellet granuloma. All the test samples possess significant anti-inflammatory activity at 1st, 3rd, and 6th hour after the carrageenan injection. However, test sample D is devoid of anti-inflammatory activity at first hour.

Chemoprotective action of Septilin against Cyclophosphamide Toxicity

Abstract: Oral administration of septilin was found to protect mice from cyclophosphamide-induced leukopenia. Total leukocyte counts in Septilin treated animals on day 12 were 2400 cells/mm3 which was significantly higher (p < 0.005) compared to controls (700 cells/mm3) and reached the base line value on day 16 (12,000 cells/ mm3. The bone marrow cellularity was also significantly higher compared to controls. There was no change in the hemoglobin levels in spectilin treated animals. Moreover, Septilin treatment prevented the loss of body weight and reduced the mortality in mice treated with cyclophosphamide. This indicates the usefulness of Septilin in chemotherapy-induced leukopenia.

Simultaneous Determinations Of Spironolactone With Hydroflumethiazide And Spironolactone With Frusemide In Combination Formulations By UV Absorption Method

Abstract: An assay procedure for the simulataneous determination of Spironolactone (SPN) with Hydroflumethiazide (HFT) and Spironolactone (SPN) with Frusemide (FRU) in combination preparations was established by UV-absorption method. The I»max for SPN was found at 238nm, for HFT at 273 nm and for FRU at 276 nm respectively. There were no interferences in their estimations.

Prolonged Release Of Rifampicin From Internal Phase Of Multiple W/O/W Emulsion Systems

Abstract: Release rates of Rifampicin encapsulated in the internal aqueous phase of w/o/w emulsion stabilized by the gelling of the external phase (w/o/gel) were measured as the function of two formulation variables-The oil phases and internal phase volume. The release rate was significantly affected by the nature of the oil phase and decreased in the order of isopropyl myristate (IMP) > sesame oil > liquid paraffin, which was mainly due to maximum and minimum partition coefficient of drug in these phases respectively. The release rate of rifampicin from w/o/gel system was very prolonged. The release was enhanced with increasing in the volume of inner aqueous phase. These results show the utility of the w/o/gel type double emulsions for sustained release preparations and raise the possibility of control of drug release from the double emulsion system.

Simultaneous Determination Of Paracetamol, Diclofenac Sodium And Chlorzoxazone By HPLC From Tablet

Abstract: A simple, reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of Paracetamol, Diclofenac Sodium and Chlorzoxazone from tablets. The method described is precise, accurate reproducible and rapid.

Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination Of Pentazocine, Orphenadrine And Doxepin Hydrochloride

Abstract: A new spectrophotometric method is proposed for the detn. of pentazocine, orphenadrine and doxepin hydrochlorides based on the formation of stable ion-pair complexes between the drugs and cobalt-thiocyanate in 2N-hydrochloric acid medium. Statistical comparison of the results of the assay of the drugs in pure and dosage forms with those of an official method shows an excellent agreement and indicates no significant difference in precision. [on SciFinder(R)]

Visible spectrophotometric methods for the determination of diltiazen hydrochloride.

Abstract: Two simple spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of Diltiazen Hydrochloride (DZH) based on oxidising it with a known excess of ferric chloride [Fe(III)]or N-Bromosuccinimide (NBS) and estimating the reduced, Fe (II) or unreacted NBS with 1, 10-phenanthroline (PTL) or metolsulfanilamide (SA) in methods A or B respectively.

Synthesis of 3,6-diaryl-2H, 3H, 4H, 5H, 6H-[1,3]-Oxazine-2- Thiones As Potential Anticonvulsants

Abstract: It is reported that (-NH-C) and (-C-NH-C) groups are associated with the analgesic and muscle relaxation properties. Therefore, synthesis of eight cyclic thiocarbamates, 3,6-dairly pentahydro- [1,3]-oxazine-2-thiones as potential anticonvulsant drugs have been attempted through cyclisation with thiophosgene of 1-arylamino-3-hydroxy-3-arylpropanes obtained earlier by hydride reduction of 1-arylamino-3-oxo-3-arylpropanes.

Influence Of Light On Growth And Production Of Steroids And Glycoalkaloids In Solanum Species In Vivo And In Vitro

Abstract: The effect of light of different spectral region (blue green, yello and red) was studied on the growth and production of steroids and glycoalkaloids in vivo and in vitro of Solanum jasminoides and in vitro only in the S. Verbascifolium, grown on RT medium. Higher growth as also the maximum growth index of callus was observed in S. jasminoides (7.82; control 6.51) and S. verbascifolium (6.75; control 6.21) grown under the light of blue spectral region accompanied with the enhanced levels of various metabolites in both plant species.

Synthesis Of New 4-Thiazolidinones And 2-Azitidiones With Their In Vitro Biological Activities

Abstract: A series of 2-aryl-3-[(3'5'-dinitrobenzamido)]-thiazolidin-4-ones and N-[3'5'-dinitrobenzamido]-3-chloro-4-(aryl substituted) azetidin-2-ones have been prepared and examined for antibacterial and antifungal activity in vitro against E.coli (gram negative), S. aurus (gram positive) and A.niger, A. flavous respectively. The reaction of 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid with thienyl chloride in the presence of dry methanol yields 3,5-dinitro-benzoate, on condensation with various aromatic aldehyde gave 2-(3'5'- dinitrobenzoyl) hydrazones, which on cycle-addition with thioglycollic acid and chloracetyl chloride gave 2-aryl-3-[(3'5'-dinitrobenzamido)]-thiazolidin-4-ones and N-[3,5,- dinitrobenzamido] -3-chloro-4-(aryl substituted)-azetidine-2-ones respectively.

Development Of Stable Formulation Of Picroliv, A New Hepatoprotective Agent

Abstract: The effect of various antioxidants and alkalinizer on the chemical stability of Picroliv in the granule (Prepared by slugging) formulations at various temperatures was investigated. Picroside I, one of the major active compounds, was chosen as the marker. The order of reaction, degradation rate constant were computed by least regression analysis.

Synthesis And Antiviral Activity Of Some New Farmazans

Abstract: Fifteen new 1-aryl-3-(5-substituted indolyl)-5(1-naphthylacetyl) farmazans have been synthesised and investigated for their antiviral effect against Ranikhet Disease Virus (RDV) and Vaccinia Virus (V.V.). Some of the compounds have shown promising activity against either one of these or both the viruses in vitro.

Synthesis of 3-[4[4,5-dihydro-5-(substituted aryl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]phenyl]sydnones as antiinflammatory and analgesic agents

Abstract: 3-[4-(3-(Substituted aryl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl]phenyl] sydnones were condensed with hydrazine to yield fifteen 3-[4-(4,5-Dihydro-5-(substituted aryl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]phenyl]sydnones. Three compounds have shown anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan induced edema assay in rats and five compounds have shown analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced writhing assay in mice at 100 mg/kg dose p.o. respectively. Compound 24 exhibited both antiinflammatory and analgesic activity, which appeared to be similar to those produced by the standards phenylbutazone and aspirin. However compound 21 showed more analgesic activity than aspirin (ED50, 25.0mg/kg, 81.4mg/kg)

Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination Of Antihistaminic Drugs

Abstract: A sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for determining orphenadrine and diphenyldramine hydrochlorides from its pharmaceutical formulation based on solvent extraction into chloroform of the complexes formed with bromocresol green, bromophenol blue and methyl orange. Complex formation and extraction was complete and quantitative at pH 4. Direct determinations in capsule and tablet preparations were carried out satisfactorily and the average recovery was 100±1.0%.

Synthesis And Studies On Biologically Active Mono And Biheterocycles

Abstract: A new series of 1-(N-heteroyl/diphenyl amino acety/propionyl) benzotriazoles (3a-h) and 4-(N-heteroyl/diphenyl/amino acetyl/propionyl) morpholines (4a-h) have been synthesized by appropriate methods. All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by their microanalysis, IR 1H-NMR and mass spectra and were also screened for their anthelmintic and antimicrobial activities.

Synthesis And Antimicrobial Evaluation Of Some Substituted Pyrido [2,3,-d]pyrimidines

Abstract: Synthesis of di-and trisubsituted pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidines has been performed by the chemical transformation of 2,3,4,6,-tetrasubstituted pyridine with formamide, urea and different arlisocyanates. The authenticity of the products was established with the help of elemental analyses, IR and NMR spectral data. All of the synthesized compounds have antimicrobial activity.

Diosgenin A Constitutent Of Piper Betle L. Root

Abstract: Diosgenin content in the roots of Piper betle was estimated by GLC and was found to be 0.08% on dry wt basis. The roots, a waste by-product obtained during replantation of the crop, can be tapped as cheaper source of diosgenin and may prove a boon for commercially limping betelvine industry.

Diffusion Studies Of Ibuprofen From Ointment Bases

Abstract: The release of ibuprofen from ointment bases through a dialysing cellulose membrane was studied. The drug release was greater from water soluble bases than other bases and was generally concentration dependent. The data obtained may be useful in the formulations of topical ibuprofen products.

Ophthalmic Irritation Potential Of Propylene Glycol

Abstract: Propylene glycol, a new vehicle for ophthalmic use tested here, has proved to be non-toxic to the rabbit eye. There was no serious vision-threatening side effects or a microscopic structural damage to the eye. It was proved to be safe on frequent usage too. All irritation scores recorded being consistently below the “Mariginal Irritantâ€Â� scope of 65.

4-Cyano-6-Methoxyquinoline from Quinine

Abstract: Quininone oxime when refluxed with phosphorus pentachloride in chloroform for 90 minutes underwent Beckmann fragmentation rather than rearrangement to give 4-cyano-6-methoxyquinoline.

Simultaneous Determination Of Amitrptyline Hydrochloride And Chlordiazepoxide From Tablets By HPTLC

Abstract: A simple, precise and rapid HPTLC method is developed for the simultaneous determination of amitriptyline hydrochloride and chlordiazepoxide from tablets using chlroform: methanol: ammonia (92:8:0.2 v/v) as a mobile phase. Metronidazole is used as internal standard. RF values obtained were 0.31, 0.40, 0.53, for metronidazole, chloridizepoxide and amitriptyline hydrochloride respectively.

Phenolics From Cassia Biflora And Their Reactions With Ferric Chloride

Abstract: Cassia biflora has been shown to contain chrysophanol, physcion and luteolin. It has been observed that anthraquinones lacking vicinal hydroxyls do not respond to colour reaction with alcoholic Ferric chloride.

New Spectrophotometric Methods For The Determination Of Pyrithioxine

Abstract: Three Simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods for the determination of Pyrithioxine (PYT) are described. The first method (Method A, I»max : 470 nm) is based on the oxidative coupling reaction of PYT with 4-Aminophenazone (4AP). The second one (Method B, I»max : 495 nm) depends on the formation of ion-association complex of PYT with Tropaeolin OOO (TPOOO) which is extracted into chloroform. The third one (Method C, I»max:600nm) is based on the reduction of fe3+ to fe2+ by the PYT, which forms the coloured complex with 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ). These methods are extended to the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations and results compared with the U.V. reference method.

Influence of viscosity on nitrofurantoin absorption from w/o/w emulsions.

Abstract: The bioavailability of nitrifurntoin was evaluated in eight healthy volunteers, in a crossover fashion, after administration of 100-mg dose of the drug in water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsions with and without viscosity imparting agents. The bioavailabilitiy of the drug was assessed from urinary excretion data of the unchanged drug. The extent of absorption,maximum excretion rate and period of minimum effective urine concentration were all significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the w/o/w emulsion with viscosity imparting agents compared with the corresponding values for the reference w/o/w emulsion (containing no viscosity agent). From these results, it is suggested that the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of nitrofurantoin administered in w/o/w formulations could be further enhanced by increasing the viscosity of the formulation. Also the nature of the viscosity imparting agent plays a significant role in determining the extent of improvement of nitrofurantoin absorption.

Betacyclodextrin for improved stability and delivery of anti-infective drugs

Abstract: Betacyclodextrin inclusion complexes of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and tinidazole are prepared and incorporated in ocular implants to try as sustained release ocular preparations of anti-infective drugs for prolonged use. It is found that the stability of drugs improved after complexation. The release characteristics are also better. The ocular preparations may be very useful for treating ophthalmic ailments due to infection requiring chronic treatment with anti-infective drugs.