Indian Journal of Weed science 

About: Indian Journal of Weed science is an academic journal published by Indian Society of Weed science. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Weed & Pendimethalin. It has an ISSN identifier of 0253-8040. Over the lifetime, 2214 publications have been published receiving 11341 citations.

Weed management in direct-seeded rice

Abstract: Rice (Oryza sativa), the staple food of more than half of the population of the world, is an important target to provide food security and livelihoods for millions. Direct seeding of rice (DSR) refers to the process of establishing the crop from seeds sown in the field rather than by transplanting seedling from the nursery. Before the advent of Green revolution and adoption of irrigation, rainfed rice was often broadcasted into moist soil and yields were low, variable and highly prone to weed competition. Weed spectrum and degree of infestation in rice field are often determined by rice ecosystems and establishment methods. Research evidences at different places has shown around 20–100% losses due to weeds such as Echinochloa spp., Leptochloa spp., Cyanotis spp., Commelina sp., Digitaria spp. and Alternanthera sp in DSR. Integrated weed management approach based on the critical period of crop weed competition, involving different direct and indirect control measures, has been developed and widely adopted by farmers to overcome weed problem in DSR in a sustainable way. Stale seed bed combined with herbicide (paraquat/glyphosate) and zero till results in better control. About 53% lower density was recorded due to stale seed bed. Brown manuring of Sesbania reduces weed population by 50%. Mulches, crop rotation and rice cultivars like ‘Narender 359’ and ‘Sarjoo 52’ were found better for Indo-Gangetic plains. Application of penoxsulam 25 g/ha as broad-spectrum, azimsulfuron + metsulfuron-methyl for Cyperus spp., pendimethalin at 1.25 kg/ha for Echinochloa spp. were found suitable for chemical weed management.Weed-competitive and allelopathic rice varieties, seed priming for increased weed competitiveness, higher seeding density should be considered as a management strategy.

Evaluation of Bispyribac-sodium for Weed Control in Transplanted Rice

Abstract: Bispyribac-sodium was evaluated against mixed weed flora in transplanted rice at Karnal, Haryana. Major associated weeds were Echinochloa glabrescens and E. colona (L.) Link among grasses, Ammannia baccifera L. and Euphorbia sp. among broad-leaved weeds and Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl, Cyperus iria L., C. rotundus L. and C. difformis L. among sedges. Weeds allowed to grow throughout crop season caused 68 and 27% yield reduction during 2006 and 2007, respectively. Bispyribac applied at 15 or 25 DAT was found equally effective against grassy weeds, but control of broad-leaved weeds and sedges was comparatively more when applied at 15 DAT. Bispyribac 25 g/ha applied at 15 or 25 DAT was adjudged the most suitable herbicidal treatment resulting in 174–199% and 37–41% increase in the rice grain yield over weedy check during 2006 and 2007, respectively. There was no phyto-toxicity of bispyribac on rice and no residual toxicity on succeeding crop of wheat during both the years of study.

Growth and Yield of Aerobic Rice as Influenced by Integrated Weed Management Practices

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2009 at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, V. C. Farm, Mandya, Karnataka. The experiment consisted of 12 treatments laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications consisting of four pre-emergence herbicides integrated with one intercultivation at 40 days after sowing, hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 days after sowing, intercultivation thrice at 20, 40 and 60 days after sowing compared with weed free and unweeded check. The predominant weed flora observed in the experimental field were Echinochloa colonum, Digitaria marginata, Ageratum conyzoides, Spilanthus acmella, Commelina benghalensis, Celosia argentia, Cyperus iria and Cyperus rotundus. The results revealed that pre-emergence application of bensulfuron methyl+pretilachlor (6.6 GR) @ 0.06+0.60 kg/ha+one intercultivation at 40 days after sowing recorded significantly higher grain and straw yield (4425 and 5020 kg/ha, respectively), lower weed population and their dry weight (17.0 g and 2.32 g 0.25/m2, respectively). Further the net returns and B: C ratio were also high with the pre-emergence application of bensulfuron methyl + pretilachlor (6.6 GR) @ 0.06 + 0.60 kg/ha+one intercultivation at 40 days after sowing.

Herbicides residues in soil, water, plants and non-targeted organisms and human health implications: an Indian perspective

Abstract: Herbicides use is increasing throughout the globe due to increasing labour cost, choice of application of herbicides, quick weed control in crop and non-crop areas. In India, herbicide use has increased up to 30% during the last 10 years in the country. Herbicides are chemical in nature, therefore, excessive and repeated use may pose residue problems, phytotoxicity to crop plants, residual effects on susceptible intercrops or succeeding crops, adverse effects on non-target organisms and ultimately health hazards to human and animals. Many herbicides are found as bound residues which make them not only unavailable to the targets but also polluting the soil ecosystem in a number of ways. Thus monitoring of these residues in soil, water, plants, fishes and other matrixes is very much important. The fate of herbicide in soil depends on adsorption, absorption, volatilization, leaching, runoff, photodecomposition, degradation by microbial and chemical processes etc. In Indian tropical conditions, the half-life of imadazoline, phynylureas, sulfonylureas, triazines, chloroacetinalides, dinitroanilines, diethyl ethers, thiocarbamates, and fop group of herbicides in soil are found to varied 57–71, 13–60, 13–147, 12–58, 5–60, 12–77, 19–29, 19–24, and 8–24 days. At harvest, herbicides in various commodities were found either below the maximum residue limit or below detectable limits. Indirect effects of herbicides are not common in India. However increasing incidences of intentionally acute pisioning by some of the herbicide such as butachlor, fluchloralin, paraquat, 2,4-D, pendimethalin, glyphosate etc. are emerging problem in India. Paraquat poisoning is an uncommon entity in India, and is associated with a high mortality rate. It can be concluded that in India herbicide contamination of soil, plants and natural waters occurs infrequently and at low levels.

Distribution of Weed Flora of Wheat in Haryana

Abstract: Weed survey of wheat fields conducted in 1990 and 1991 revealed predominance of grass weeds (Avena ludoviciana, Phalarisminor and Polypogon monspeliensis) in the eastern zone of Haryana where more moisture and heavy soil were prevalent, while in the western parts where soils were tight and moisture was low, there was a dominance of Chenopodium album, Asphodelus tenuifolius, Trigonella polycerata and Fumaria parviflora, Medicago denticulata, Rumex maritimus, Circium arvense, Melilotus indica and Convolvulus arvensis bad significantly more infestation in the eastern zone, whereas Sisymbrium irio, Euphorbia dracunculoides, Sapponaria vaccaria, Desmostachya bipinnata, Zizyphus rotundifolia and Aerva javanica were confined to westernzoneonly. Weed flora was more diverse in Hisar, Sirsa, Bhiwani and Rohtak districts but relative intensity of weeds was more in Kurukshetra, Kaithal, Sonepat, Ambala and Karnal districts and minimumin Mahendergarh, Sirsa, Faridabad and Bhiwani districts. C. album, Phalaris, Avena, Polypogon, Melilotus, Medicago, Anagallis arvensis, Rumex, Circium, Asphodelus, Trigonella, Convolvulus, Spergula arvensis, Fumaria, Vicia sativa and Lathyrus aphaca occurred at more than 15 per cent surveyed fields. Among these, the most competitive weeds, Avena and Phalaris were more in Sonepat, Panipat, Kurukshetra, Kamal, Yamunanagar, Kaithal, Ambala and Jind districts, whereas proportional dominance of C. album was more in Bhiwani, Gurgaon, Mahendergarh, Rewari, Rohtak and Hisar districts.