Showing papers in "Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research in 2013"

Fast dissolving films: innovative drug delivery system

Abstract: Article history Oral dissolving films are formulated by incorporating the drug with selected oral cavity absorption enhancers in a specially designed oral dissolving film carriers. This facilitates the rapid absorption in the oral cavity for drugs with low GIT-bioavailability and intensive first- pass effects. This it offers shortening onset time, enhancing bioavailability and reducing the probability of first pass side effect. The current review focuses on the recent development in the oral dissolving film and discusses about its technique for preparation of film as well its evaluation

Biodiversity of rare thermophilic actinomycetes in the great indian thar desert: an overview

Abstract: Article history Microbial pathogens are developing resistance against existing antibiotics, stressing the need for discovery of new anti-microbial compounds. Actinomycetes produce ~80% of the available anti- microbials. The likelihood of bio prospecting un-discovered species from the terrestrial habitats have almost diminished so that the search for novel products has switched to rare genera of actinomycetes from normal habitats to discovery of species found in un-usual habitats like deserts. In Rajasthan most of the land area is covered with the great Indian desert Thar where most of times high temperature prevails. A very few reports are available in literature pertaining to the selective isolation and screening of yet unknown, anti-microbial compounds of therapeutic use from rare actinomycetes from desert eco-system. The present review discusses the need of future research to be done on actinomycetes diversity in desert ecosystem and highlights the recent research and development.

A rapid biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf broth of rauvolfia tetraphylla and their promising antibacterial activity

Abstract: Article history Green synthesis of nanoscale materials is under exploration due to various biomedical research applications in nanobiotechnology. Rauvolfia tetraphylla is a small evergreen woody species which contains various alkaloids viz., ajamaline, reserpine, serpentine and tetraphyllincine. The present study describes the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the leaf extracts of Rauvolfia tetraphylla. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were structurally characterized by UV- Visible spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and X-Ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). Elemental and vibrational analyses of nanoparticles were carried out with Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) and Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FT- IR) respectively. Bioreduction of silver ions by Rauvolfia tetraphylla leaf extract resulted in the synthesis of spherical, triangle and square shaped nanoparticles. The size of the silver nanoparticles was ranged from 26-37 nm. FT-IR spectrum confirmed the involvement of aromatic amines, amide (I) and amide (II) groups, flavonoids, polyols and secondary alcohols in capping and reduction of silver nanoparticles. Phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC-7443), Escherichia coli (MTCC-739) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC-1034). The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles approach appears to be cost effective, eco-friendly and easy alternative to other conventional methods for nanoparticles synthesis and its antibacterial activity.

Animal models of rheumatoid arthritis: correlation and usefulness with human rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract: Article history Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is autoimmune systemic disorder caused by unknown etiology and characterized by chronic inflammation and synovial infiltration of immune cells It's also associated with decreased life expectancy and quality of life Currently no treatment can effectively afford the complete amelioration of the symptoms while only offering temporary relief Further the available treatments of DMARD's (Disease Modifying Anti Rheumatoid Drugs) therapy are often associated with severe side effects To find out exact cause behind the pathogenesis of this disease and evaluate the potential anti-arthritic drugs for clinical use various animal models were developed The selection of appropriate animal models depends on two important criteria- morphological similarities with human RA and capacity to predict efficacy of various drugs in human Various animal models include induced models like rat adjuvant arthritis, rat and mouse type II collagen arthritis, antigen induced arthritis, carrageen, formalin and urate induced arthritis and genetic models like K/BxN, Human TNF Tg, and NZB/NZW The induced models were developed to predict the efficacy of anti-arthritic drugs while genetic models were developed to evaluate the progression of disease state in animals with an intention to establish a correlation with human RA in both cases These models further allow predicting the toxicities which occur at higher doses or during prolonged dosing period Although, various animal models emphasis the proven relevance to human rheumatoid arthritis This shall help in the development of various therapeutic regimens for the effective treatment and mitigation of the disease conditions associated with RA

Post menopausal quality of life and associated factors- A Review

Abstract: Assessment of quality of life has become a crucial constituent of clinical practice, so that clinicians can obtained a comprehensive picture of women’s subjective perception of menopause. During menopause variety of clinical characteristics of women like social lifestyle, smoking, drinking habit and psychological status may influence the eventual timing of the menopause transition and post menopausal quality of life of women as well. The main aim of writing this article is to assemble the literature on menopause with special emphasis on the factors which influence the health related quality of life of menopausal women by both ways either positive or negative consequence. A number of studies show the significant association of these factors and health related quality of life of menopausal women like regular physical activity, balanced BMI, sexual satisfaction, education and awareness status improve the quality of life among post-menopausal women. Some dietary habit like smoke and alcohol consumption may influence positively and negatively the quality of life because of the complex interaction of smoke and alcohol with female reproductive hormones. Smoke may cause early onset of menopause and high incidence of osteoporosis but also have lower risk menopausal endometrial cancer. Similarly the use of alcohol has a potential benefit on cardiovascular risk and also has a high incidence of breast cancer and ovarian cancer risk. During menopausal transition majority of women experience various psychological changes like depression, anxiety, irritation and other mood disorder due to frequent alteration in the estrogens level, which ultimately affect the quality of life of menopausal women.

Matrix tablet: a promising technique for controlled drugdelivery

Abstract: Article history From the last decade great interest generated on replacing conventional administration of drug by delivery system which would release effective quantities from a protected supply at a controlled rate over a long period of time. Developing oral sustained release matrix tablet with constant release rate has always been a challenge to the pharmaceutical technologist. So that selecting appropriate polymers have become product of choice as an important ingredient for formulating sustained release formulations. An appropriately designated controlled release drug delivery system is the major advance toward solving problems concerning targeting of a drug to a specific organ or a tissue and controlling the rate of a drug delivery to the target site. Matrix type drug delivery systems are an interesting and promising option when developing an oral controlled release system. This review focuses on the progress made in the design of controlled release dosage forms employing various types of matrices as carriers for the active ingredients.

A Review on Herbs Used In Anti-Dandruff Shampoo and Its Evaluation Parameters

Abstract: Dandruff is a common disorder affecting the scalp condition caused by yeast Pityrosporum. Dandruff cannot be completely eliminated but can only be managed and effectively controlled. Symptoms of dandruff mainly include Presence of fragments, Itching of the scalp, and Redness around the scalp. Dandruff can be treated in two ways. They include chemical based antidandruff shampoo and herbal based antidandruff shampoo containing antibacterial and antifungal ingredients like ketaconazole, selenium sulfide, zinc pyrithione etc. The anti-dandruff shampoo only slow down the scalp flaking and have their own disadvantages like loss of hair, increased scaling, itching, irritation, nausea, headache, vomiting, photosensitivity. Herbal extracts formulations are viable alternative to synthetic drugs. Now-adays, many herbal shampoos are available in the market which contains herbal ingredients such as plant extracts and essential oils. In the present review we discuss about the causes, synthetic chemical, various herbs and the evaluation parameters for the anti-dandruff shampoo.

A review on Adhatoda vasica Nees- An important and high demanded medicinal plant.

Abstract: Article history Medicinal plants have been the subjects of man's curiosity since time immemorial. Almost every civilization has a history of medicinal plant use. Approximately 80% of the people in the world's developing countries rely on traditional medicine for their primary health care needs, and about 85% of traditional medicine involves the use of plant extracts Adhatoda vasica Nees. is an evergreen shrub, distributed from the Punjab in the North and Bengal and Assam in the South-East to the Cylon, Malaya and Singapore in the South. It is one of the most important medicinal plants of this region. The plant is valued for containing bronchodilator alkaloids, mainly vasicine. All parts of the plant are used in herbal medicine and particularly the leaves are credited with insecticidal and parasiticidal properties. The root is useful in strangury, leucorrhoea, bronchitis, asthma, bilious vomiting, sore eyes, fever and gonorrhoea. It is a valuable antiseptic, antiperiodic and anthelmintic. It is well-known in Ayurveda by its Sanskrit name Vasaka& commonly known as Adusa. This paper has been prepared somehow that most of the studies reported on this medicinal has been touched so that much attention will be focused towards this important medicinal plant.

A Review On Phytopharmacological Studies On Chenopodium album Linn.

Abstract: Article history Chenopodium album Linn. (Bathua) belongs to the family Chenopodiaceae, is an important medicinal plant in Ayurveda used in diseases of blood, heart, spleen, eye and in biliousness conditions, cough, abdominal pain, pulmonary obstruction and in nervous affections. The plant contains essential oils, besides alkaloids, trigonelline and chenopodine. Leaves are rich in potassium & vitamin C. Pharmacognostic evaluation including examinations of morphological and microscopic characters, determination of leaf constant, ash value, powder analysis, and extractive values were carried out. Phytochemical screening including qualitative chemical examinations was also carried out. Pharmacological studies on the plant revels the proven activity of its as hypoglycemic, antibacterial, spasmolytic, antipruritic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anticancer. The plant has effective pharmacological action. On the basis of recent pharmacological studies some additional medicinal properties of various species of the genus have been established. In the present paper an attempt has been made to summarize the traditional uses and reported biological activities of the genus for further studies.

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Effervescent Granules Incorporated with Calliandra Haematocephala Leaves Extract

Abstract: Article history The present research work is based on the formulation of herbal effervescent granules by incorporating the leaves extract of Calliandra haematocephala. The folklore of India widely uses this plant for treatment of various diseases and disorder. The dried leaves powder of the plant was extracted and subjected to preliminary chemical tests. Then it was formulated into efferevescent granules and then evaluated for various parameters like angle of repose, dissolution studies, and effervescent cessation time. The preliminary chemical studies show that the extract contains carbohydrate, alkaloids, flavonoid, glycoside and protein. The formulated effervescent granules exhibited excellent flow properties which showed good angle of repose, Carr's index, Hausner's ratio, bulk density and tapped density.

Biodiversity of endophytic fungi in saffron (crocus sativus) andantimicrobial activity of their crude extract

Abstract: BIODIVERSITY OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI IN SAFFRON (CROCUS SATIVUS) AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THEIR CRUDE EXTRACT Prathvi Raj*, Shaukat Saeed Khan, Madhuri Modak, Zahoor Ahmad Lone, Shabir A Rather and Mohammad Yaqoob Department of Botany Govt. Motilal Vigyan Mahavidyalaya, Bhopal (M.P) 462001 INDIA Department of Microbiology, Saifia Science College Bhopal (M.P) 462001 INDIA Microbial Biotechnology Division (IIIM) (J&K)-180001 INDIA Department of Zoology, Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar (M.P.) INDIA

Formulation and evaluation of topical gel of acelofenac containing piparine

Abstract: Article history The present investigation involves formulation of Acelofenac topical gel having linseed oil and piparine. Aceclofenac has been shown to have potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, similar to indomethacin and diclofenac and due to its preferential cox-2 blockade, it has better safety than conventional NSAIDs with respect to adverse effects on gastrointestinal and cardiovascular system. Aceclofenac is used in treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute lumbago, and dental pain condition. The formulation of Acelofenac topical gel was prepared using HPMC, Carbopol 974 P and Sodium CMC in three different batches. Piperine was isolated from major alkaloids of the pepper fruits and was used as a penetration enhancer in formulation. Formulated gel was evaluated and compared with marketed Nusaid gel for pH, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, drug content, in vitro drug diffusion, ex-vivo bio-adhesive test and skin irritation test. Topical gel having best drug releasing profile was evaluated for anti- inflammatory and analgesic potency by animal paradigms.

Pharmaceutical Foam Drug Delivery System: General Considerations

Abstract: Department of Pharmaceutics, Satara College of Pharmacy, New Additional MIDC, A/P Degaon, Satara-415004, (MS) India -mail ID: prshindenamdeo@gmailcomMobile No: +91- 9423957518 Copy right © 2013 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Indo American journal of Pharmaceutical Research, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Challenges in formulation development of fast dissolving oral films

Abstract: Article history A number of pharmaceutical dosage forms are available in the market. But, every dosage form has shown some drawbacks like chocking problem of tablets and painful parenteral dosage forms. Fast dissolving oral film has many advantages related to disintegration, dissolution and bioavailability over these existing dosage forms. In addition to this, film avoids first pass metabolism due to pre-gastric absorption and fast onset of action. As these are light in weight, transportation and handling is easy. Patient compliance is high in all age groups patients especially paediatrics and geriatrics. But, this film dosage form has come across some obstacles during its formulation and development. So, there is need to address such challenges which may help in future to explore the particular area in research and that may help in overall formulation and development and large scale manufacturing. These challenges are directly related to patient compliance. These include insolubility of drug, taste masking of bitter and obnoxious drug, reduction in drying time of film, high dose incorporation, co-administration of drugs, stability against temperature and humidity, dose uniformity and need of special packaging. Hence, preference should be given to them in formulation and development. The present review describes challenges as well as possible solutions to overcome them for formulation and development of fast dissolving oral film.