Showing papers in "Industrial and Labor Relations Review in 1977"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined economic discrimination in labor markets using a stochastic model and empirically plausibility and implications of the alternative models of economic discrimination; role of statistical theories in the explanation of labor market discrimination.
Abstract: Examines economic discrimination in labor markets using a stochastic model. Analysis of several types of economic discrimination within the context of competitive market assumptions; Empirical plausibility and implications of the alternative models of economic discrimination; Role of statistical theories in the explanation of labor market discrimination. (Abstract copyright EBSCO.)
1,379 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the development of a model on unemployment insurance and job search decisions and found that the model did not fully capture the effect of job turnover on the individual worker's preferences.
Abstract: Investigation of the development of a model on unemployment insurance (UI) and job search decisions. Information on job turnover; Details on the individual worker's preferences; Process of job search decision; Offsetting incentive effects of UI. (Abstract copyright EBSCO.)
746 citations
342 citations
141 citations
137 citations
TL;DR: The authors discusses the effect of unemployment insurance on the duration of subsequent earnings and unemployment, and empirically results of a study in Pennsylvania show that the effect on post-unemployment earnings in Arizona is similar to that of the United Kingdom.
Abstract: Discusses the effect of unemployment insurance on the duration of subsequent earnings and unemployment. Empirical results of a study in Pennsylvania; Average rate of unemployment insurance; Statistics on post-unemployment earnings in Arizona. (Abstract copyright EBSCO.)
111 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the effects of unemployment insurance on duration and job search outcome, and the impact of eligibility screening on duration of job search and subsequent earnings on subsequent earnings.
Abstract: Examination of the effects of unemployment insurance entitlement on duration and job search outcome. Measurement of unemployment duration; Effect on subsequent earnings; Impact of eligibility screening on duration and subsequent earnings. (Abstract copyright EBSCO.)
110 citations
TL;DR: The system of production cooperatives in Mondragon, Spain is described in this article, with a brief history of the development of the system, economic and cultural basis, and ways in which the expansion of the cooperatives has been managed.
Abstract: Provides information on the system of production cooperatives in Mondragon, Spain Components of the system; Brief history of the development of the system; Information on the economic and cultural basis of the system; Ways in which the expansion of production cooperatives has been managed (Abstract copyright EBSCO)
95 citations
TL;DR: Theoretical implications of UI, information on experience-rated UI, effect of UI on subsequent earnings, Examination of the duration of UI; Measurement of unemployment duration as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Focuses on lessons learned from studies of unemployment insurance (UI). Theoretical implications of UI; Information on experience-rated UI; Effect of UI on subsequent earnings; Examination of the duration of UI; Measurement of unemployment duration. (Abstract copyright EBSCO.)
80 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the economic explanations of industrial strike activity that occurred in the United States and Canada in the years before and during World War II, and present the results of regression equations for economic, organizational and political indicators.
Abstract: Investigates the economic explanations of the industrial strike activity that occurred in the United States and Canada in the years before and during World War II. Limitations of the economic models of industrial strike activity; Economic analysis of industrial conflict; Results of regression equations for the United States' and Canada's economic, organizational and political indicators. (Abstract copyright EBSCO.)
73 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the application of unemployment insurance (UI) as an insurance policy for workers is discussed, and the basic model optimal insurance is proposed, along with details of UI tax and benefit rates.
Abstract: Discusses the application of unemployment insurance (UI) as an insurance policy for workers. Impact of UI on unemployment; Basic model optimal insurance; Details of UI tax and benefit rates. (Abstract copyright EBSCO.)
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of market power in the determination of wage level in manufacturing and utilities is examined, and a mathematical model of wage determination is proposed, and results and discussion are provided.
Abstract: Examination of the role of market power in the determination of wage level in manufacturing and utilities. Theory of wage determination; Mathematical model of wage determination; Methodology; Results and discussion; Conclusion. (Abstract copyright EBSCO.)
TL;DR: In this paper, the author traces the historical roots and current patterns of assistance, employment status, and turnover of AFDC mothers and analyzes the determinants of the workwelfare choice from three perspectives: the employability of welfare mothers, the financial incentives implicit in existing programs, and various cultural factors.
Abstract: means tests, to complex regulations and incentive schemes to enforce compliance, and to considerable discretionary power for administrators and caseworkers. A second philosophy assumes, in contrast, that any family without an able-bodied father needs assistance specifically because it does not have a male breadwinner, thus automatically reducing the mother's employment to a secondary issue beneath the primary concern of providing income to this type of family. Universality of benefits and treatment by welfare workers are the key characteristics under this philosophy, while the choice of whether to work or to care for her children becomes a matter of personal preference for the mother, not one for social intervention. The attempt to accommodate both these philosophies legislatively within the real constraints of the low-income labor market provides the main theme of the book. The author first traces the historical roots and current patterns of assistance, employment status, and turnover of AFDC mothers. Second, she analyzes the determinants of the workwelfare choice from three perspectives: the employability of welfare mothers, the financial incentives implicit in existing programs, and various cultural factors. She concludes that despite the mythology that AFDC mothers are totally dependent, they in fact work on and off to a surprising extent, although at very low wages, often without disclosing their earnings. The ironic result is that the incentive features of the 1967 WIN amendments, plus other inkind services, make welfare competitive with wages and decrease the likelihood that AFDC families will ever become self-supporting. Finally, given the fact that welfare mothers are competing in a low-wage market with fluctuating job opportunities, they are more likely to choose welfare with or without work and with or without contributions from husbands and boyfriends. In other words, \"work and welfare are not seen as mutually exclusive.\" In the light of this analysis, Rein then examines the work-incentive and work-requirement experience since 1967 and its implications for four welfare reform plans presented to Congress between 1968 and 1971. She concludes that the 1967 amendments did not increase work effort, largely because the amendments disregarded the existing incentive system and because AFDC mothers were not in fact compelled to participate. In general, however, she finds that the explicit use of incentive schemes, \"represents a change in assistance philosophy,\" recognizing that AFDC mothers do have some choice about working. Incorporating a feasible incentive scheme leads to an \"inevitable conflict between benefits, incentives and costs\" and therefore to enormous difficulty in enacting legislation that satisfies both the opposing views on the social objectives of welfare programs. Relying mainly on other studies for evidence, the book provides a valuable synthesis of the findings and highlights in a unique way the problems of enacting and implementing legislation in a controversial area. Although the author makes no pitch for any particular plan and offers little hope for resolving the ambivalence about requiring mothers to work, she makes an ardent case for demythologizing attitudes about welfare mothers as a first step toward recognizing the deep underlying divisions of opinion. It would have been interesting to see her analysis applied to the problems of extending incentive welfare programs to all poor families. Probably the divisions over welfare mothers reflect a deeper concern that extension of the system would provide a workwelfare choice for fathers. However, it is also possible that the whole hue and cry for welfare reform is an elaborate way to avoid dealing with the failure of the market system to provide decent-paying, stable jobs for most unskilled people. Rein's book is an excellent example of how a thorough examination of the issues can elucidate the complexities of welfare legislation, given differing attitudes and labor market realities. Elizabeth Durbin
TL;DR: In this paper, the summary of theoretical findings on unemployment insurance (UI) taxes and labor turnover in the United States is presented, focusing on the reduction of employment stock of a company, incentive effects and incidence of the UI tax; Determination of taxable payroll.
Abstract: Focuses on the summary of theoretical findings on unemployment insurance (UI) taxes and labor turnover in the United States. Reduction of employment stock of a company; Incentive effects and incidence of the UI tax; Determination of taxable payroll. (Abstract copyright EBSCO.)
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the relationship among wages, unemployment, and prices in manpower programs and examine policy problems in manpower and education programs and explore the relation between wages and price standards.
Abstract: Examines policy problems in manpower programs and explores the relationship among wages, unemployment, and prices. Relation of unemployment and wage inflation; Relation between wages and price standards; Human capital and manpower and education programs. (Abstract copyright EBSCO.)
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a model of unemployment insurance (UI) and the effect of UI on both unemployment and labor-force participation, independent variables of unemployment equation, and application of work-test on UI.
Abstract: Presents a model of unemployment insurance (UI). Effect of UI on both unemployment and labor-force participation; Independent variables of unemployment equation; Application of work-test on UI. (Abstract copyright EBSCO.)
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report on the experience under the dual impasse procedures that govern bargaining in the Canadian federal sector under a 1967 law and present a theoretical framework for assessing the factors affecting the ability of parties to reach settlements without resorting to impasse.
Abstract: Reports on the experience under the dual impasse procedures that govern bargaining in the Canadian federal sector under a 1967 law. Law and impasse procedure covering Canadian federal employees; Theoretical framework for assessing the factors affecting the ability of parties to reach settlements without resorting to impasse; Results of bargaining under the impasse procedure. (Abstract copyright EBSCO.)
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on solutions to problems concerning flexible hours scheduling, and describe trade-union attitudes toward flexible hours and the effect of flexible hours schedules on overtime, and present a survey of trade union attitudes towards flexible hours.
Abstract: Focuses on solutions to problems concerning flexible hours scheduling. Applicability of flexible hours scheduling; Description of trade-union attitudes toward flexible hours scheduling; Effect of flexible hours scheduling on overtime. (Abstract copyright EBSCO.)
TL;DR: This paper examined the changes in the employment pattern of African-American faculty in the late 1960s and early 1970s and examined factors affecting the increase in demand for African-Americans faculty members.
Abstract: Examines the changes in the employment pattern of African-American faculties in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Factors affecting the increase in demand for African-American faculty members; Comparison of income and characteristics between African-American and White American faculty members; Impact of academic qualifications on income. (Abstract copyright EBSCO.)
TL;DR: In this article, the authors determined the quantitative relationship between the proportion of unionized employees and nonprofessional wage rates in public and private hospitals in metropolitan areas in the United States and found that union impact on private and public hospitals.
Abstract: Determination of the quantitative relationship between the proportion of unionized employees and nonprofessional wage rates in public and private hospitals in metropolitan areas in the United States. Wage rates of nonprofessional hospital personnel; Union impact on private and public hospitals. (Abstract copyright EBSCO.)
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between the performance and compensation of local building trades union leaders is discussed, and an empirical model of local union officers' compensation is presented. But the model does not consider the effect of union membership on the performance of union leaders.
Abstract: Presents estimates of the relationship between the performance and compensation of local building trades union leaders. Problems involved in the measurement of the performance of union officers; Outline of the empirical model of local union officers' compensation; Estimates of the determinants of local union leaders' compensation. (Abstract copyright EBSCO.)