Showing papers in "International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance in 2003"
TL;DR: In this paper, two composite scales of career development attitude and career development knowledge were examined in relation to age, gender and whether the students had engaged in paid work experience and found that career maturity increased with age, and females at all age levels reported higher levels of maturity than males.
Abstract: Al arge sample (N = 1,279) of high school students was assessed using the Career Maturity Inventory (CDI-A; Lokan, 1984). The two composite scales of Career Development Attitude and Career Development Knowledge were examined in relation to age, gender and whether the students had engaged in paid work experience. Levels of career maturity increased with age, and in general, females at all age levels reported higher levels of maturity than males. Students with paid work experience reported higher levels of Career Development Attitude than those with no paid work experience. Career Development Knowledge was not associated with paid work experience. Gender differences also occurred, with females with paid work experience generally reporting higher levels of career maturity than males with paid work experience. Results are discussed in a developmental context. Resume. Differences dans les attitudes et les connaissances vocationnelles chez des lyceens avec et sans experience d'uneactivite retribuee. Un vaste echantillon (N = 1,279) de lyceens a ete evalue sur l'Inventaire de Maturite vocationnelle (CDI-A; Lokan, 1984). Les deux echelles qui le composent - Attitude relative au Developpement Vocationnel et Connaissances relatives au Developpement Vocationnel - on ete examinees sur les plans de l'âge, du genre et de l'engagement ou non dans une experience d'activite retribuee. Les niveaux de maturite vocationnelle augmentent avec l'âge et, en general, les filles rapportent a tous les âges des niveaux de maturite superieurs a ceux des garcons. Les lyceens avec experience d'activite retribuee presentent des niveaux d'attitude de developpement vocationnel superieurs a ceux des lyceens sans experience d'activite retribuee. Les connaissances relatives au developpement vocationnel ne sont pas associees a une experience d'activite retribuee. Des differences de genre apparaissent aussi, les filles avec experience d'activite retribuee faisant en general etat de niveaux de maturite vocationnelle superieurs a ceux des garcons avec experience d'activite retribuee. Les resultats sont discutes dans un contexte developpemental. Zusammenfassung. Unterschiede in der Einstellung zum Beruf und in der Beruf- sweltkenntnis bei Oberschulern mit bzw. ohne Erfahrungen mit bezahlter Arbeit. Eine grose Stichprobe (N = 1,279) von Oberschulern wurde mit dem Career Maturity Inventory (Berufsreife-Inventar; CDI-A; Lokan, 1984) getestet. Die beiden darin enthaltenen Skalier- ungen fur Einstellungen zum Beruf bzw. fur Kenntnis der Berufswelt wurden unter den Gesichtpunkten Alter, Geschlecht sowie Vorliegen von Erfahrungen mit bezahlter Arbeit untersucht. Die Berufsreife wuchs mit dem Alter, und, verallgemeinernd, zeigten weibliche Jugendliche in allen Altersgruppen eine jeweils hohere Berufsreife als mannliche Jugend- liche. Jugendliche mit bezahlter Arbeitserfahrung zeigten eine weiter entwickelte Einstel-
59 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the interaction between career beliefs and socio-economic status within a sample of Indian high school students and found that significant socioeconomic status differences were observed, with the lower SES groups showing higher levels of negative career beliefs.
Abstract: This paper responds to current discussions in career psychology that emphasise the importance of understanding how socio-economic backgrounds and social-cognitive environments influence career development. Located in India, this study examines the interaction between career beliefs and socio-economic status within a sample of Indian high school students. Significant socio-economic status differences were observed, with the lower SES groups showing higher levels of negative career beliefs. The relevance of these findings to career psychologists who work in multi cultural contexts is discussed within the framework of the Social Cognitive Theories of Career Decision Making.
43 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the claim that job choices are based on seven implicit factors: such as the specific size of the occupation, the proportion of employees working full-time, the earnings, job prospects, gender dominance in an occupation, and the level of unemployment in the occupation and the predominant age group in the job.
Abstract: This research sets out a Perceptual-Judgemental-Reinforcement approach to job choice under conditions of complexity and uncertainty. It investigates the claim that job choices are based on seven implicit factors: such as the specific size of the occupation, the proportion of employees working full-time, the earnings, the job prospects, gender dominance in an occupation, the level of unemployment in the occupation and the predominant age group in the job. Nine case studies involving choices from 25 randomly selected advertised jobs are presented. Results indicated substantial idiosyncrasy in job choices. An individual logistic regression analysis indicated no statistically significant influence of key labour market indicators in any of the nine case studies. It was concluded that job choice was idiosyncratic; that individuals lacked insight into their job choices and probably relied upon relatively few unstated cues. The findings have direct implications for the relevance of occupational information and for key issues in the delivery of vocational guidance.
22 citations
TL;DR: The balance between studies in guidance based on sociology, psychology, and even ethnology varies according to the research focus and tradition in each of the Nordic countries as mentioned in this paper, and the main Nordic guidance research issues with characteristic examples from various countries under the headings of Structures, Contents, and Values.
Abstract: The Nordic countries have followed slightly different, yet complementary paths in terms of research in guidance. The balance between studies in guidance based on sociology, psychology, and even ethnology varies according to the research focus and tradition in each of the Nordic countries. This article covers main Nordic guidance research issues with characteristic examples from the various countries under the headings of Structures, Contents, and Values.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss changes in working life and other aspects of life and their significance for counselling and guidance, focusing on a shift in research, international debate and goal documents rather than in counselling practice.
Abstract: This article discusses changes in working life and other aspects of life and their significance for counselling and guidance. It focuses on a shift in research, international debate and goal documents rather than in counselling practice. The paradigm shift refers to the change from a modern to amore post-modern view, which means that counselling should be oriented more towards the whole person and his or her life projects. The aim in this perspective is to make clients more proactive in constructing their own lives. Some clients, however, are still stuck in a passive and helpless role. This is a great challenge for counsellors who are striving to develop more holistic working methods. The transition from a modern to a more post-modern society requires a counsellor with a wide arsenal of interventions and many working tools, i.e. a multi-instrumentalist. The conclusion is that counsellors have to be more aware of the different situations, expectations and forms of behaviour faced by clients. Counsellors have to develop new methods centred round the clients’ self-activity.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the interplay between habitus, social variables and career preferences in a younger age group than has previously been studied and concluded that habitus groups formed readily and have important implications for research and practice within the field of career counselling.
Abstract: European researchers have recently introduced Bourdieu’s habitus theory and research methods into the research field of career development. The advantage of Bourdieu’s theory is to overcome the theoretical problems that in this field have resulted from overemphasis on individual aspects of career development at the expense of social aspects. The habitus concept allows for the dichotomy between the individual and the social dimensions to be overcome. The research reported here looks at the interplay between habitus, social variables and career preferences but in a younger age group than has previously been studied. It also wonders whether habitus groups exist in the relatively homogenous population of Iceland at a relatively young age, i.e., before divergence in the educational system. Analyses resulted in five habitus groups being formed on the basis of endorsement of cultural and leisure activities. Furthermore, the five groups differed both in terms of sex composition and — importantly — of preferred future occupations. It was concluded that habitus groups form readily and have important implications for research and practice within the field of career counselling.
15 citations
TL;DR: Main Nordic guidance issues with characteristic examples from the various countries under the headings of Professionalisation, Guidance Policies, Activities, Staff and professional background, Linkages, and Materials and ICT are covered.
Abstract: Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland and Iceland: these are the Nordic countries, the Five Swans. This article covers main Nordic guidance issues with characteristic examples from the various countries under the headings of Professionalisation, Guidance Policies, Activities, Staff and professional background, Linkages, and Materials and ICT.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a training program was developed of the basis of psychological decision theories in order to support student career choices, which was realized with groups of 10-12 participants and consisted of several modules, each module considered a specific stage of the decision process.
Abstract: A training program was developed of the basis of psychological decision theories in order to support student career choices. The goal of the training program was to equip the trainees with techniques and knowledge that allow the decision process to be optimised. The training program took five to six hours, was realized with groups of 10–12 participants and consisted of several modules. Each module considered a specific stage of the decision process. The training program has been realised with a sample of 64 high-school attendants in the 10th grade in Switzerland. The acceptance of the training was evaluated with half-standardised questionnaires. The effects were evaluated with an experimental design. Results showed that the training was very highly accepted by the participants and judged as helpful in making career decisions. The most significant effect measured was the clarification of the participants’ personal goals.
11 citations
TL;DR: The influence of contextual factors on the career decision states of 429 South African and 623 Australian male and female students in grades 8 to 12 was investigated by as discussed by the authors, who found that grade, gender, and the interaction of grade and gender impact on the developmental progression of career decision behavior.
Abstract: The influence of contextual factors on the career decision states of 429 South
African and 623 Australian male and female students in grades 8 to 12 was investigated.
The results for both national samples on the Career Decision Scale demonstrate that grade, gender, and the interaction of grade and gender impact on the developmental progression of career decision behaviour. Gender differences across nations were more pronounced for males than females. Both South African and Australian students are more decided in lower grades. International differences suggest that South African students are less certain and evidence greater indecision than Australian students. The implications for educational decision points and career education practices are discussed.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this article, three new work arrangements, telehomework, agency work, and freelance work, were investigated among post-secondary students and three groups of work values: mobility, lifelong retooling, work-family balance, and proactive personality.
Abstract: Flemish post-secondary students(N = 2,880) were profiled for favouring orrejecting three new work arrangements. Threestepwise discriminant function analyses wereperformed to separate the groups that were forand against telehomework, agency work, andfreelance work. Predictors were demographicvariables (anticipated graduation year,academic area), attributes (willingness toengage in new careers, proactive personalityand work values), and expectations aboutemployers. The classification results werecross-validated. Findings indicated thattomorrow's workforce wanted to meet therequirements of new careers (mobility, lifelongretooling, work-family balance). Four groups ofwork values differentiated thosefavouring/rejecting telehomework, agency work,and freelance work. Anticipated graduationyear, academic area and proactive personality,characterised further respondents for andagainst agency work and freelance work.Expectations about employers did not split thegroups with respect to their preference for thethree new work arrangements. Implications forcontemporary and future roles for careercounsellors were discussed.
9 citations
TL;DR: The Finnish Higher Education Evaluation Council (FINHEEC) implemented an evaluation of guidance services in higher education in 2000-2001 as discussed by the authors, and 25 higher education institutions participated in the evaluation process, findings and recommendations.
Abstract: The Finnish Higher Education Evaluation Council (FINHEEC) implemented an evaluation of guidance services in higher education in 2000–2001. Altogether 25 higher education institutions participated in the evaluation. This article describes the evaluation process, findings and recommendations. The aim is to show how an evaluation process can serve the development of guidance policies and practices at the institutional and national levels. Additionally, the article demonstrates the use of evaluation methodology as a means of enhancing communication between staff and students.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the modalities decérente de participation in a projet professionnel, and explain how l'orientationprofessionnelle peut intervenir for quecette participation.
Abstract: L'economie du savoir,dans un contexte de mondialisation et de hautetechnologie, genere de nombreusesnouveautes dans les pratiques du travail.Parmi ces dernieres, la participationinformelle a l'organisation (activitesnon formellement incluses dans les tâchesprescrites) semble s'imposer commeimplicitement obligatoire et aurait desincidences sur le developpement decarriere. Quelles sont les modalites decette participation? Comment l'orientationprofessionnelle peut-elle intervenir pour quecette participation ne devienne pas uninstrument d'alienation mais plutot unecomposante du projet professionnel? Apresavoir inventorie certaines modalites decette participation, cet article suggereaux praticiens diverses faconsd'intervenir.