Showing papers in "international journal of engineering trends and technology in 2014"

A Review Paper on Oculus Rift-A Virtual Reality Headset

Abstract: Oculus rift: Virtual reality (VR) is a burgeoning field that has the inherent potential of manipulating peoples mind with a superlative 3D experience. Oculus rift is one such application that assists in achieving the same. With the fleeting enhancements in VR it now seems very feasible to provide the user with experiences that were earlier thought to be merely a dream or a nightmare.

Experimental Investigation of Egg Shell Powder as Partial Replacement with Cement in Concrete

Abstract: -This paper reports the results of experiments evaluating the use of egg shell powder from egg production industry as partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement in cement mortar. The chemical composition of the egg shell powder and compressive strength of the cement mortar was determined. The cement mortar of mix proportion 1:3 in which cement is partially replaced with egg shell powder as 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% by weight of cement. The compressive strength was determined at curing ages 28 days. There was a sharp decrease in compressive strength beyond 5% egg shell powder substitution. The admixtures used are Saw Dust ash, Fly Ash and Micro silica to enhance the strength of the concrete mix with 5% egg shell powder as partial replacement for cement. In this direction, an experimental investigation of compressive strength, split tensile strength, and Flexural strength was undertaken to use egg shell powder and admixtures as partial replacement for cement in concrete. Keywords--Egg shell powder, cement mortar, Saw dust ash, Fly ash, Micro silica, compressive strength, split tensile strength, Flexural strength.

Efficient Data Gathering With Mobile Collectors and Space-Division Multiple Access Technique in Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract: To maximize network coverage and to provide a reliable, energy-efficient monitoring depends on selecting minimum number of sensors in active mode to cover all the targets. This power saving technique can be regarded as Set Covering Problem (SCP). Designing for a minimum set of nodes where node selection procedure is based on the energy of each node in a set, provide energy-efficient sensor network. The performance analysis through simulation results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper selects less working nodes than the other algorithms and maximize the network lifetime as well. Keywords— Mobile Collector, Wireless Sensor Network, SDMA.

Wireless Monitoring of Soil Moisture, Temperature & Humidity Using Zigbee in Agriculture

Abstract: The main objective of the present paper is to develop a smart wireless sensor network (WSN) for an agricultural environment. Monitoring agricultural environment for various factors such as soil moisture, temperature and humidity along with other factors can be of significance. A traditional approach to measure these factors in an agricultural environment meant individuals manually taking measurements and checking them at various times. This paper investigates a remote monitoring system using Zigbee. These nodes send data wirelessly to a central server, which collects the data, stores it and will allow it to be analyzed then displayed as needed and can also be sent to the client mobile. KeywordsAVR Microcontroller,LCD, remote monitoring, Sensors, ZigBee.

A Survey on various types of Steganography and Analysis of Hiding Techniques

Abstract: Digital Steganography is the science that involves communicating secret data in an appropriate multimedia carrier, e.g., image, audio, and video files. Under this assumption, if the feature is visible, the point of attack is evident, thus the here goal is conceal to the existence of the embedded data .This is totally review paper, in which we provide the comparison of available steganography technology hiding text in an image file using Least Significant Bit (LSB) based Steganography, Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) based Steganography and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) based steganography. The LSB algorithm is implemented in spatial domain in which the payload bits are embedded into the least significant bits of cover image to derive the stego-image whereas DCT & DWT algorithm are implemented in frequency domain in which the stego -image is transformed from spatial domain to the frequency domain. Keywords—Steganography, Cryptography, Least Significant Bit (LSB); Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT); Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT).

Design and Analysis of Disc Brake

Abstract: Each single system has been studied and developed in order to meet safety requirement. Instead of having air bag, good suspension systems, good handling and safe cornering, there is one most critical system in the vehicle which is brake systems. Without brake system in the vehicle will put a passenger in unsafe position. Therefore, it is must for all vehicles to have proper brake system. In this paper carbon ceramic matrix disc brake material use for calculating normal force, shear force and piston force. And also calculating the brake distance of disc brake. The standard disc brake two wheelers model using in Ansys and done the Thermal analysis and Modal analysis also calculate the deflection and Heat flux, Temperature of disc brake model. This is important to understand action force and friction force on the disc brake new material, how disc brake works more efficiently, which can help to reduce the accident that may happen in each day.

Effect of Stabilization Using Flyash and GGBS in Soil Characteristics

Abstract: Expansive soils are a worldwide problem that poses several challenges for civil engineers. They are considered a potential natural hazard, which can cause extensive damage to structures if not adequately treated. Such soils swell when given an access to water and shrink when they dry out. Utilization of industrial waste materials in the improvement of soils is a cost efficient and environmental friendly method. Stabilisation of the soil is studied by using flyash and ground granulated blast furnace slag. This paper includes the evaluation of soil properties like unconfined compressive strength test and California bearing ratio test. The soil sample was collected from Palur, Tamil Nadu and addition to that, different percentages of flyash (5, 10%, 15% and 20%) and GGBS (15%, 20%, 25%) was added to find the variation in its original strength. Based on these results CBR test was performed with the optimum flyash, optimum GGBS and combination of optimum flyash with varying GGBS percentages (15%, 20%, and 25%). From these results, it was found that optimum GGBS (20%) gives the maximum increment in the CBR value compared with all the other combinations.

A comparative Study of Basalt and Polypropylene Fibers Reinforced Concrete on Compressive and Tensile Behavior

Abstract: Concrete made with Portland cement has certain characteristics: it is relatively strong in· compression but weak in tension and tends to be brittle. These two weaknesses have limited its use. Another fundamental weakness of concrete is that cracks start to form as soon as concrete is placed and before it has properly hardened. These cracks are major cause of weakness in concrete particularly in large onsite applications leading to subsequent fracture and failure and general lack of durability. The weakness in tension can be overcome by the use of conventional rod reinforcement and to some extent by the inclusion of a sufficient volume of certain fibres. This paper provides result data of the compressive strength, and split tensile strength of basalt and polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete containing fibres' of 0%, 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, and 1.2% volume fraction by weight of cement (Vf) without admixture. For compression test, A result data obtained has been analysed and compared with a control specimen (0% fiber). A relationship between Compressive strength vs. fiber volume fraction and tensile strength vs. fiber volume fraction of both basalt and polypropylene fiber are represented graphically. Result data clearly shows decrease in compressive strength for C30 Grade of concrete due to addition of basalt fiber and polypropylene fiber. Also, the result data shows that, the optimum dosage for the splitting tensile strength of basalt fiber is in the vicinity of 0.6%. While the optimum dosage for the splitting tensile strength of polypropylene fiber is in the vicinity of 0.3%.

Behavior of Clayey Soil Stabilized with Rice Husk Ash & Lime

Abstract: In India the soil mostly present is Clay, in which the construction of sub grade is problematic. In recent times the demands for sub grade materials has increased due to increased constructional activities in the road sector and due to paucity of available nearby lands to allow excavate fill materials for making sub grade. In this situation, a means to overcome this problem is to utilize the different alternative generated waste materials, which cause not only environmental hazards and also the depositional problems. Keeping this in view stabilization of weak soil in situ may be done with suitable admixtures to save the construction cost considerably. The present investigation has therefore been carried out with agricultural waste materials like Rice Husk Ash (RHA) which was mixed with soil to study improvement of weak sub grade in terms of compaction and strength characteristics. Silica produced from rice husk ashes have investigated successfully as a pozzolanic material in soil stabilization. However, rice husk ash cannot be used solely since the materials lack in calcium element. As a result, rice husk ash shall be mixed with other cementitious materials such as lime and cement to have a solid chemical reaction in stabilization process. Lime is calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide. It is the name of the natural mineral (native lime) CaO occurs as a product of coal seam fires and in altered lime stone xenoliths in volcanic ejection. In this study RHA and Lime is mixed in different percentage like (RHA as 5%, 10%, and 15%) and (Lime as 3%, 6%, 9%) and laboratory test CBR is done with a curing period of 4, 7 and 14 days with different percentages of RHA & Lime

Experimental Investigation and Analysis a Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Polymer Composite Plates

Abstract: The hybrids composite has emerged and have the potential reinforcement material for composites and thus gain attraction by many researchers. This is mainly due to their applicable benefits have they offer low density, low cost, renewable, biodegradability and environmentally harmless and also comparable mechanical properties with synthetic fiber composites. In the project natural fiber and glass hybrid composites were fabricated by using epoxy resin combination of hand lay-up method and cold press method. Specimen was cut from the fabricated laminate according to the ASTM standard for different experiments for tensile test, flexural text, and impact test. A significant improvement in tensile strength was indicated by the woven fiber glass hybrid composites. In this hybrid composite laminates banana-glass-banana (BGB) and glass-banana-glass (GBG) exhibit higher mechanical properties due to chemical treatment to natural fibers. So, the hybrid composite material shows the highest mechanical properties. This High performance hybrid composite material has extensive engineering applications such as transport industry, aeronautics, naval, automotive industries.

A Survey of Various Machine Learning Techniques for Text Classification

Abstract: Sentiments are expressions of one’s words in a sentence. Hence understanding the meaning of text in the sentence is of utmost importance to people of various fields like customer reviews in companies, movie reviews in movies, etc. It may involve huge text data to analyze and it becomes totally unviable for manually understanding the meaning of sentences. Classifier algorithms should be used to classify the various meaning of the sentences. By using pre-defined data to train our classifier and three different algorithms namely Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machines, Decision Trees, we can simplify the task of text classification. Using relevant results and examples we will prove that SVM is one of the better algorithms in providing higher accuracy over the other two algorithms i.e. Naive Bayes and Decision Tree.

Influence of Glass Powder on the Properties Of Concrete

Abstract: Glass is commonly used in building / construction industries and large amount of glass is powdered daily. The disposal of waste glass is an environmental issue as waste glass causes disposal problem. Today the construction industry is in need of finding cost effective materials for increasing the strength of concrete structures. Glass powder finer than 600 µ is reported to have pozzolanic behaviour. An attempt is made to investigate the possibility of using the waste glass powder as the partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement in concrete. Concrete with replacement of cement by waste glass powder such as 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% were produced and properties of this concrete has been compared with concrete of control mix with no replacement. Cube specimens of 24 numbers were cast, cured and tested for 7 day and 28 days strength. Compression test was conducted and the results were compared. The findings revealed an increase in compressive strength with the increase in the replacement of cement by glass powder. To reduce the demand for cement, glass powder replacements can be adopted. The replacement of glass powder decreases the unit weight as well as the porosity as indicated by the decrease in water absorption. It reduces the quantity of cement to be used in concrete. Also glass powder is proved to be economical and is considered as environmental friendly construction material.

SC-FDMA & OFDMA in LTE physical layer

Abstract: This paper provides the introduction of LTE and the key components of its physical layer. These descriptions are simplified version of the detailed descriptions provided by 3gpp. In LTE, the OFDMA is used as downlink and SCFDMA as uplink modulation schemes; with OFDM as the basic building block. OFDMA is used for achieving high spectral efficiency in communication system; whereas, SC-FDMA for uplink multiple access scheme in LTE system. This paper evaluates the performance of SC-FDMA and OFDMA of LTE physical layer by considering different modulation schemes (BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM) on the basis of PAPR, BER and error probability. From the simulated results, it is observed that for a particular value of SNR, the BER increases for high order modulation (16- QAM and 64-QAM) in both OFDMA and SC-FDMA. However, the lower order modulation schemes (BPSK and QPSK) experience less BER at receiver; thus lower order modulations improve the system performance in terms of BER and SNR. In terms of bandwidth efficiency, the higher order modulation accommodates more data within a given bandwidth and is more bandwidth efficient as compared to lower order modulation. Thus, there exists a tradeoff between BER and bandwidth efficiency among these modulation schemes used in LTE. It is also observed that the error probability increases as order of modulation scheme increases. Therefore, the selection of modulation schemes in adaptive modulation is quite crucial based on these results.

A Real Time Embedded System Application for Driver Drowsiness and Alcoholic Intoxication Detection

Abstract: This paper outlines a novel approach for the real time detection of car driver drowsiness and alcoholic intoxication. There are large numbers of road accidents which takes place due to fatigue or alcohol drinking of driver. Computer vision and alcohol gas sensor application is combined to an embedded system to achieve this goal. The proposed system is realized with an open source 5 megapixel digital camera supported embedded system board Raspberry-pi loaded with Raspbian-OS, and Python-IDLE with Open-CV installed. The Raspberry-pi system board is serially interfaced with another open source embedded system board Arduino Uno with I2C protocol, which will perform some task like issuing the alarm notification and switching off the car power source to stop the car upon receiving the positive detection message from Raspberry-pi. Keywords— Drowsiness, alcoholic intoxication, Raspberry pi, Arduino UNO, Open CV, Embedded System, Python IDLE, Haar Cascade classifier, Linux, Raspbian, OV5647, MQ-3, I2C, relay, buzzer.

Study and Capacity Evaluation of SISO, MISO and MIMO RF Wireless Communication Systems

Abstract: The wireless communication systems has gone from different generations from SISO systems to MIMO systems. Bandwidth is one important constraint in wireless communication. In wireless communication, high data transmission rates are essential for the services like tripple play i.e. data, voice and video. At user end the capacity determines the quality of the communication systems. This paper aims to compare the different RF wireless communication systems like SISO, MISO, SIMO and MIMO systems on the capacity basis and explaining the concept as today, the wireless communication has evolved from 2G, 3G to 4G and the companies are fighting to create networks with more and more capacity so that data rates can be increased and customers can be benefitted more. The ultimate goal of wireless communication systems is to create a global personal and multimedia communication without any capacity issues. Key Terms MIMO, SISO, SIMO, MISO Capacity

ECG Data Compression using Wavelet Transform

Abstract: ECG data compression has been one of the active research areas in biomedical engineering. In this paper a compression method for electrocardiogram (ECG) signals using wavelet transform is proposed. Wavelet transform compact the energy of signal in fewer samples and has a good localization property in time and frequency domain. The MIT-BIH ECG signals are decomposed using discrete wavelet transform (DWT).The DWT provide powerful capability to remove frequency components at specific time in the data. The thresholding of the resulted DWT coefficients are done in a manner such that a predefined goal percent root mean square difference (GPRD) is achieved. The compression is achieved by the quantization technique, run-length encoding, Huffman and binary encoding methods. The proposed method, for fixed GPRD shows better performance with high compression ratios and good quality reconstructed signals. Keywords—Compression, discrete wavelet transform Electrocardiogram (ECG), PRD, quantization, thresholding.

Study of Recycled Concrete Aggregates

Abstract: This paper describes the introduction and production of recycled concrete aggregates and its various applications in the construction industry. In this paper, properties of recycled aggregates and its comparison with the natural aggregates are also mentioned. Future recommendations about RCA are also included.

On Cloud-based Oversubscription

Abstract: Rising trends in the number of customers turning to the cloud for their computing needs has made effective resource allocation imperative for cloud service providers. In order to maximize profits and reduce waste, providers have started to explore the role of oversubscribing cloud resources. However, the benefits of cloud-based oversubscription are not without inherent risks. This paper attempts to unveil the incentives, risks, and techniques behind oversubscription in a cloud infrastructure. Additionally, an overview of the current research that has been completed on this highly relevant topic is reviewed, and suggestions are made regarding potential avenues for future work.

Cloud Computing Simulation Using CloudSim

Abstract: As we know that Cloud Computing is a new paradigm in IT. It has many advantages and disadvantages. But in future it will spread in the whole world. Many researches are going on for securing the cloud services. Simulation is the act of imitating or pretending. It is a situation in which a particular set of condition is created artificially in order to study that could exit in reality. We need only a simple Operating System with some memory to startup our Computer. All our resources will be available in the cloud. Keywords— Cloud Computing, Data Center, VM Scheduler, Host.

Effect of Tempering Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Medium Carbon Steel

Abstract: Untempered martensitic steels, while very hard are too brittle to be useful for most applications. Most applications require that quenched part be tempered, so as to impact some toughness and further improve ductility. Current work reports and analyzes results of mechanical testing was performed on variously heat treated medium carbon steel samples, to arrive at an optimum heat treatment strategy for judicious combination of hardness and tensile properties. Tensile and hardness test specimens were fabricated using Lathe machine. These samples were subjected to various heat treatment sequences, consisting of full annealing, hardening, oil quenching, and tempering at different temperatures. Heat treated samples were then mechanically tested for hardness (Rockwell) and tensile properties (yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, ductility). Mechanical testing of medium carbon steel samples revealed that with increasing temper temperatures: (a) hardness first increases to a maximum and then gradually decreases; (b) yield strength first decreases, then increases, and then decreases again; (c) ultimate strength first increases to a maximum and then steadily decreases; and (d) ductility (% elongation) increases, and then decreases before continue to increases rather sharply. The optimum heat treatment strategy was found to be at tempering temperature of 250oC for well balanced mechanical properties.

A New Paradigm on Experimental Investigation of Concrete for E- Plastic Waste Management

Abstract: This research paper seeks to optimize the benefits of using E Plastic Waste in the fiber form in concrete. The E Plastic waste (insulation wires) is shredded into fibers of specific size and shape. Several design concrete mixes with different percentages of waste plastic fibers for three aspect ratios, are casted into desire shape and size as per requirement of the tests. Each specimen was cured for 7, 14 and 28 days. The workability, compression, split tension and Flexure strength tests were carried out. The results are compared with control concrete. The improvement in mechanical properties of concrete was observed. The behavior of plastic incorporated concrete depending on sizes of fibers is resulted in this paper.

An Outdoor Navigation With Voice Recognition Security Application For Visually Impaired People

Abstract: Blind guide is a technology in navigation systems for visually impaired people. It is designed to provide dynamic interaction and the ability to change to fit changed circumstances guided with the use of audio instructions. To make the blind people active and independent it bring up the confidence and participation as possible. Blind guide is a software application which can be entered into the app after a successful login by the user using voice recognition security. A voice recognition security process is used for the blind users. Voice recognition technology is the process of identifying and understanding the voice signals of users. A unique features of the users voice are extracted and stored at the time of registration. This stored information is compared with the users voice sample. Blind guide provide the information and guidance to move from one place to another safely using android base smart phone. TTS (Text to Speech) is used in navigation system to provide navigation through voice for blind people. Also it uses Google map API to apply map information. Keywords— TTS, Visually Impaired Persons, Navigation System.

Automatic Detection of Buildings from Aerial Images Using Color Invariant Features and Canny Edge Detection

Abstract: Automatic detection of damaged buildings from aerial and satellite images is an important problem for rescue planners and military personnel. A method for detecting the buildings from high resolution color aerial images is proposed in this paper. The aim is to extract the buildings from high resolution color aerial images using color invariance property and canny edge detection technique. The buildings on the aerial images are 2-dimentional structures which are mostly made up of regions having borders being straight line which depicts edges in the images. The color information in the aerial image using a specific color index is extracted. The green area is separated by vegetation green from color aerial image. Then the primary colored roofs such as blue and red is segmented with the help of the primary color bands, such as red, green and blue bands. Once red, blue roof tops are segmented and separated from the imagery. Using canny edge detection method, the other colored roof tops are also segmented. Our proposed method is able to detect 85-90% buildings from color aerial images Keywords— Aerial Images, Building Detection, Canny Edge Detection, Color Based Segmentation, Color Index

A Study on the Performance of Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen by Varying the Sizes of Crumb Rubber

Abstract: . The abundance and increase of waste tyre disposal is a serious problem that leads to environmental pollution. Crumb rubber obtained from shredding of those scrap tires has been proven to enhance the properties of plain bitumen since the 1840s. It can be used as a cheap and environmentally friendly modification process to minimize the damage of pavement due to increase in service traffic density, axle loading and low maintenance services which has deteriorated and subjected road structures to failure more rapidly.Use of crumb rubber leads to excellent pavement life, driving comfort and low maintenance. The rheology of CRMB depends on internal factors such as crumb rubber quantity, type, particle size, source and pure bitumen composition, and external factors such as the mixing time, temperature, and also the mixing process (dry process or wet process). The present study aims in investigating the experimental performance of the bitumen modified with 15% by weight of crumb rubber varying its sizes. Four different categories of size of crumb rubber will be used, which are coarse (1 mm 600 μm); medium size (600 μm 300 μm); fine (300 μm150 μm); and superfine (150 μm 75 μm). Common laboratory tests will be performed on the modified bitumen using various sizes of crumb rubber and thus analyzed. Marshall Stability method is adopted for mix design. Finally a comparative study is made among the modified bitumen samples using the various sizes of Crumb Rubber particles and the best size is suggested for the modification to obtain best results Keywords— Bitumen, CRMB, Crumb Rubber, Marshall Stability Test and Pavement

Feature Extraction of ECG Signal Using HHT Algorithm

Abstract: This paper describe the features extraction algorithm for electrocardiogram (ECG) signal using Huang Hilbert Transform and Wavelet Transform. ECG signal for an individual human being is different due to unique heart structure. The purpose of feature extraction of ECG signal would allow successful abnormality detection and efficient prognosis due to heart disorder. Some major important features will be extracted from ECG signals such as amplitude, duration, pre-gradient, post-gradient and so on. Therefore, we need a strong mathematical model to extract such useful parameter. Here an adaptive mathematical analysis model is Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT). This new approach, the Hilbert-Huang transform, is implemented to analyze the non-linear and nonstationary data. It is unique and different from the existing methods of data analysis and does not require an a priori functional basis. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified through the simulation.

Using Apriori with WEKA for Frequent Pattern Mining

Abstract: Knowledge exploration from the large set of data,generated as a result of the various data processing activities due to data mining only. Frequent Pattern Mining is a very important undertaking in data mining. Apriori approach applied to generate frequent item set generally espouse candidate generation and pruning techniques for the satisfaction of the desired objective. This paper shows how the different approaches achieve the objective of frequent mining along with the complexities required to perform the job. This paper demonstrates the use of WEKA tool for association rule mining using Apriori algorithm.

Relevant Feature Selection Model Using Data Mining for Intrusion Detection System

Abstract: — Network intrusions have become a significant threat in recent years as a result of the increased demand of computer networks for critical systems. Intrusion detection system (IDS) has been widely deployed as a defense measure for computer networks. Features extracted from network traffic can be used as sign to detect anomalies. However with the huge amount of network traffic, collected data contains irrelevant and redundant features that affect the detection rate of the IDS, consumes high amount of system resources, and slowdown the training and testing process of the IDS. In this paper, a new feature selection model is proposed; this model can effectively select the most relevant features for intrusion detection. Our goal is to build a lightweight intrusion detection system by using a reduced features set. Deleting irrelevant and redundant features helps to build a faster training and testing process, to have less resource consumption as well as to maintain high detection rates. The effectiveness and the feasibility of our feature selection model were verified by several experiments on KDD intrusion detection dataset. The experimental results strongly showed that our model is not only able to yield high detection rates but also to speed up the detection process.