Showing papers in "IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences in 2014"
61 citations
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TL;DR: In a recent survey by WHO, zinc deficiency is found in most of the Indian population and zinc supplement is used commonly to enhance wound healing and treatment of pneumonia.
Abstract: Zinc is an essential micronutrient for human health. In spite of the proven benefits of adequate zinc nutrition, approximately 2 billion people still remain at risk of zinc deficiency. Zinc is found as component of more than 300 enzymes and hormones and plays a crucial part in the health of our skin, teeth, bones, hair, nails, muscles, nerves and brain function as well as it is essential for growth. Zinc controls the enzymes that operate and renew the cells in our bodies. The formation of DNA, the basis of all life on our planet, would not be possible without zinc. Zinc deficiency is an important public health problem, affecting large number of women and children in India and worldwide. Zinc deficiency is the fifth leading risk factor for disease in the developing world. In a recent survey by WHO, zinc deficiency is found in most of the Indian population and zinc supplement is used commonly to enhance wound healing and treatment of pneumonia. The element is important in maintaining the healthy growth of the human body, especially for infants and young children.
56 citations
TL;DR: This child was born out of non consanguineous marriage, without any perinatal insult during delivery or developmental delay, and diagnosed as a case of juvenile myasthenia gravis and treated with pyridostigmine.
Abstract: II. Case description A 5 year old female child presented with cough, cold, fast breathing and drooling of saliva. Child was born out of non consanguineous marriage, without any perinatal insult during delivery or developmental delay. No history of sibling death or autoimmune disorders in the family. On examination, there was ptosis (Figure 1) which was more significant during the late in the evening and other neurological and systemic examination was unremarkable. Ophthalmological examination was done revealed ptosis without any gaze evoked nystagmus. Routine blood investigations were within normal limits. With progressive ptosis towards the end of the day, Juvenile Myasthenia gravis was suspected. Acetyl cholinesterase (AcHE) test was done with subcutaneous injection of neostigmine which showed a dramatic response (Figure 2). Repetitive nerve stimulation RNS study showed significant decremental response (>10%) in orbicularis oculi, Right and Left trapezius muscle, suggestive of post synaptic neuromuscular junction (NMJ) receptor disorder. Computerized tomography CT scan of thorax was done to rule out thymic hyperplasia. We diagnosed this child as a case of juvenile myasthenia gravis and treated with pyridostigmine. The child improved symptomatically and under the follow up (Figure 3).
36 citations
TL;DR: Changing antimicrobial resistance pose challenge in treating pyogenic infections and Appropriate and judicious selection of antibiotic would limit the emerging drug resistant strains in the future to treat these clinical conditions successfully.
Abstract: Introduction: Different Studies showing consistent predictable bacterial profile in wound infections, antibiotic resistance and capacity to adapt to changing environment which render the pathogens a matter of concern as a hospital acquired infections. Hence periodical monitoring of bacterial profile and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern is important. Objective: To determine the commonly encountered pathogens in pus samples along with their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted from August, 2013 to January, 2014, in GSL Medical college central lab. Pus samples received for diagnostic microbiology was processed and identification by standard protocols. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Result: Out of 114 pus samples received for culture and sensitivity in the microbiology central laboratory, 102 (89.47%) cases yielded positive culture while 12 (10.53% ) cases had no aerobic growth . Among the 102 culture positive pus samples, 97 yielded pure bacterial isolates and 5 yielded mixed infection ; so a total number of 107 organisms were isolated out of 102 pus samples . Among the 102 culture positive cases 60 ( 58.82% ) were male and 42 ( 41.18%) were females yielding a male : female ratio of 1.43. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolates followed by pseudomonas aeruginosa , E. coli , K. pneumoniae , Strept. Pyogenes , S. epidermidis and proteus . Among the Gram positive isolates , vancomycin , levofloxacin and clindamycin were the most susceptible drugs whereas among the Gram negative isolates , the most susceptible drugs were piperacillin / tazobactum , levofloxacin , imipenem and amikacin . Conclution: Changing antimicrobial resistance pose challenge in treating pyogenic infections . Appropriate and judicious selection of antibiotic would limit the emerging drug resistant strains in the future to treat these clinical conditions successfully.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a study was conducted to understand the prevalence, socio-epidemiological and etiological factors of intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) and stillbirths.
Abstract: Background: Intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) and still birth is a tragic event for the parents and a great cause of stress for the caregiver. Objective: Present study was conducted to understand the prevalence, socio-epidemiological and etiological factors of intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) and stillbirths. Materials and Methods: Pregnancies diagnosed with IUFD and the cases of stillbirths were studied retrospectively. Ante partum and intra partum events leading to fetal demise were recorded, socio-demographic and clinical characters were noted. Result: During the study period there were 2165 deliveries out of which 105 were IUFDs and stillbirths. The incidence of prenatal loss was 49 per 1000 live births. Conclusion: Despite advances in diagnostic and therapeutic modalities the rate of still birth is unacceptably high. Socio-cultural background, poverty, illiteracy, lack of adequate antenatal care and inaccessible health care are some of the reasons that predispose women to IUFD and stillbirth. Majority of fetal wastage can be prevented with universal and improved antenatal care.
30 citations
TL;DR: The material used in fabrication, indications and compares the flexible partial dentures with other removable partial denture options along with design and insertion technique of the flexible removablepartial dentures are discussed.
Abstract: In an era of implants and fixed prosthesis, removable partial dentures are still a treatment of choice for a wide range of patients and clinicians. As every other treatment option, removable prosthesis also has some disadvantages. But with introduction of flexible partial dentures, many of the disadvantages of conventional acrylic and cast partial dentures are taken care of. This article discusses about the material used in fabrication, indications and compares the flexible partial dentures with other removable partial denture options along with design and insertion technique of the flexible removable partial dentures. I. Introduction: The choice between several treatment options for replacing missing teeth is influenced by clinical, dentist- and patient-immanent factors. Replacement of missing teeth is one of the most important needs for patients attending clinics to restore esthetics and/or function. Many treatment modalities are available for replacing missing teeth; removable partial denture, fixed partial denture or dental implant. Each modality is a possible treatment option and has its own advantages and disadvantages. Removable partial dentures became popular many decades ago with the introduction of acrylic polymers and chrome cobalt alloys in dentistry. Many patients choose removable partial dentures due to factors ranging from cost to psychology. Dr. Walter Wright (1937) introduced Polymethyl methacrylate as a denture base material which became the major polymer to be used. Since ages, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) has been used to fabricate the dentures. Metal cast / metal frame / metal base dentures are also fabricated to restore the defects. Some of the problems with acrylic are difficult to address, such as insertion in undercut areas, brittleness of methyl methacrylate which leads to fracture, and allergy to methyl methacrylate monomer. In the recent times flexible removable partial dentures have become quite popular. Though search for the ideal option is still on, here is a review of viable option for replacing missing teeth known as flexible dentures.
30 citations
TL;DR: Eagle’s syndrome is a condition in which an elongated styloid process or calcified stylohyoid ligament causes occasional pain in the neck, a feeling of a foreign body (in the pharynx) or some other form of retromandibular-cervical pain.
Abstract: Eagle’s syndrome is a condition in which an elongated styloid process or calcified stylohyoid ligament causes occasional pain in theneck, a feeling of a foreign body (in the pharynx) or some other form of retromandibular-cervical pain. In adults the styloid process is approximately 25 mm long with a tip which is located between the external and internal carotid arteries, lateral to the pharyngeal wall and the tonsillar fossa. Ossification of the stylohyoid and stylomandibular ligament causes prolongation of the styloid process and clinical symptoms. Radiographic finding may show several possible variations: elongated, pseudoarticulated and segmented styloid process, and according to the calcification: peripheral, partial, complete or nodular type calcification. Treatment is primarily surgical.The physician's knowledge of possible clinical variations and diverse symptomatology is important.
24 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of 10 patients was conducted in Shri M.P.SHAH Medical college and GURU GOBIND Singh hospital, Jamnagar.
Abstract: Aims: o Discuss imaging features of giant cell tumor of bone and giant cell reparative granuloma o Discuss the role of different imaging modalities in diagnosis of giant cell tumor and giant cell reparative granuloma. o Explain the pathologic basis for radiologic features of giant cell tumor and giant cell reparative granuloma o Discuss types of malignant giant cell tumors with their imaging features. o Describe the traditional treatment of giant cell tumors and list the common post operative complications Materials and Methods: This retrospective study of 10 patients was conducted in Shri M.P.SHAH Medical college and GURU GOBIND Singh hospital, Jamnagar. Observations: The most common site for giant cell tumor in our observation was femur; some rare locations for giant cell tumor observed were flat bones like frontal bone and acromion; the single case of malignant giant cell tumor involved the patella. On plain radiography, majority of cases of giant cell tumor showed a well defined, eccentric, lytic lesion with non sclerotic border involving the epi-metaphyseal region of long bones with sub articular extension in patients with closed physis. On MRI, majority of patients showed well defined lesions which appeared hypointense on T1WI and heterogeneous predominantly hyperintense on T2W and STIRWI. The heterogeneous signal on T2WI reflected the inherent tissue inhomogenity.The single case of malignant giant cell tumor in our study, involved the patella in a middle aged female. It presented as expansile lytic lesion involving the patella with destruction of the cortical outline and soft tissue mass replacing majority of the bone. It showed intense enhancement with areas of central necrosis on post contrast scans. It also caused destruction of the anterior tibial cortex with minimal extension into tibial matrix. There was post operative recurrence in one patient who was treated with curettage and cement placement. The single case of giant cell reparative granuloma showed a well defined multiloculated expansile lytic lesion in right temporal bone. On MRI, it appeared hypointense on T1WI and heterogeneous on T2WI and showed homogenous moderate post contrast enhancement Conclusion: Giant cell tumor of bone is typically benign lesion but may demonstrate aggressive imaging features or fluid fluid levels. Traditional treatment of giant cell tumor is associated with high recurrence rate. Giant cell reparative granuloma is a reparative process rather than a true neoplasm. It presents with imaging findings quite similar to giant cell tumor. However, it commonly affects the mandible, maxilla, small bones of hand and feet.
23 citations
TL;DR: Computerized Tomography measurements of bizygomatic distance, AP diameter & width of the maxillary sinus & intermaxillary distance could be used for determination of gender using CT scan may be useful to support gender determination in forensic medicine when other methods are inconclusive.
Abstract: An incomplete skeleton especially skull is a great challenge for Forensic anthropologists for age & sex estimation. But sometimes denser bones are often recovered intact eg. zygomatic bone, maxillary sinus. Therefore this study tries to use the alternate methods for gender estimation by using measurements of denser areas of such unknown skull especially bizygomatic distance.The aim of this study was to investigate whether the bizygomatic distance, AP diameter & width of the maxillary sinus & intermaxillary distance could be used for determination of gender using CT scan. 191 cases were studied, from M.P. region, of which 106 were males and 85 were females. All the measurements were taken from series of CT Head images in axial images on DICOM viewing software in computer.The data was statistically analyzed by using Graph pad prism.Unpaired Student t-test was carried out and calculated for each data separately. Analysis of variance was also done & F- value were calculated. A statistically significant difference with p<0.0001 was observed in the bizygomatic distance with mean±SD of 9.55±0.41cm for male & 9.262±0.52 for female. The strongest correlated variable with bizygomatic distance was the intermaxillary distance (r = 0.3037) in male & AP diameter of sinus (r = 0.5980) in female.We can conclude that Computerized Tomography measurements of bizygomatic distance & maxillary sinus dimensions may be useful to support gender determination in forensic medicine when other methods are inconclusive.
23 citations
TL;DR: Knowledge of the position of mandibular foramen and incidence of accessory mandibULAR foramen is useful for the maxillofacial surgeons, oncologists and radiologists in preventing neurovascular complications and misinterpretations.
Abstract: Objective: Mandibular foramen is an important anatomical landmark for the inferior alveolar nerve blocks, mandibular osteotomies and implant treatment. A thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the mandibular foramen is very essential hence this study aims to determine the position of the mandibular foramen and incidence of accessory mandibular foramen in south Indian population. Material and methods:65 adult human mandibles were obtained from the anatomy department of MVJ medical college . The data was tabulated and statistically analysed. Results:The mean distance of the mandibular foramen to mandibular notch was 22.1±3.2mm. The mandibular foramen to anterior border of ramus distance was 16.9±2.7mm, from the mandibular foramen to the posterior border of the ramus was 11.9 ±2.2mm. The mandibular foramen to base of the mandible distance was 24.9 ± 3.3mm and to the gonion was 22.4± 3.2mm. Accessory mandibular foramen was noted in 41.5% of the mandibles. Conclusion: Knowledge of the position of mandibular foramen and incidence of accessory mandibular foramen is useful for the maxillofacial surgeons, oncologists and radiologists in preventing neurovascular complications and misinterpretations.
22 citations
TL;DR: Antenatal diagnosis to prevent PPROM by identifying the risk factors is a important tool in management and Steroid for fetal lung maturity, antibiotics to prevent fetal and maternal infection and induction and/ or augmentation of labor will speed delivery and reduce hospital stay and infection.
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to see the maternal and fetal outcome of preterm pre labor rupture membrane and to identify the risk factors for preterm pre labor rupture membrane. Methods And Material: This was a comparative study between the study (PROM) and control group conducted at 2 hospitals attached to M.R.Medical College, Gulbarga in the Department of Obstetric and Gynecology. 100 pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of the membrane (gestational age 28-0 to 36-6 weeks) were included in this study. And 100 pregnant women without PROM before 37 completed weeks are taken into control Results: The mean age of the women was 23±3.5 years and 53% of them were primigravida. 13% was malpresentations and 10% h/o recent coitus were the major risk factors. Incidence of PPROM is 33.8%. 64% had spontaneous labor within 24 hours. 73% percent patient delivered by vaginal route and 27% patients had LSCS twenty six percent newborn suffered from respiratory distress syndrome and 14% of neonatal sepsis. 11% patients had puerperal fever and 3% chorioamnionitis. Seven percent had early neonatal death. Conclusion: Antenatal diagnosis to prevent PPROM by identifying the risk factors is a important tool in management. Steroid for fetal lung maturity, antibiotics to prevent fetal and maternal infection and induction and/ or augmentation of labor will speed delivery and reduce hospital stay and infection.
TL;DR: The cytospin and cell block method provide high cellularity, better architectural patterns, morphological features and an additional yield of malignant cells, and thereby, increases the sensitivity of the cytodiagnosis when compared to conventional smear method.
Abstract: Background-The cytological examinations of serous effusions have been well accepted, and a positive diagnosis is often considered as a definitive diagnosis. It helps in staging, prognosis and management of patients of malignancies, and also give information about various inflammatory and non inflammatory lesions. Diagnostic problem arises in everyday practice to differentiate reactive atypical mesothelial cells from malignant cells by routine conventional smear method. Aim- To compare the morphological features of the conventional smear method with those of cytospin(cytocentrifuge) and cell block and also to assess the utility and sensitivity of cytospin and cell block methods in the cytodiagnosis of effusion. Material and method- One hundred and fifty samples were subjected to diagnostic evaluation. Along with conventional smear, fluids were subjected to cytocentrifuge and cell block technique. Cell blocks were prepared using 10%formal alcohol as a fixative agent. Smears obtained by each of techniques were scored for different parameters. Statistical analysis with Wilcoxon rank sum test was performed and also Index of Qualitative Variation(IQV) was calculated to compare the results obtained by each of the above three methods. Results- Cellularity and additional yield for malignancy was more for Cytospin and Cell Block technique. Conclusion- The cytospin and cell block method provide high cellularity, better architectural patterns, morphological features and an additional yield of malignant cells, and thereby, increases the sensitivity of the cytodiagnosis when compared to conventional smear method.
TL;DR: An image segmentation method is used to classifying the current state of melanoma lesions and by feeding the output of the STOLZ algorithm in TDS, Detection of the current stage of melanomas can be identify.
Abstract: Skin cancer through all types of cancers, is the least frequent and most common form of human cancers. Skin cancer may be Melanoma, Basal and Squamous cell among which Melanoma is the most precarious. It is compulsory to recognize it in its early stage for its proper cure. In this paper, image segmentation method is implemented in MATLAB followed by STOLZ and TDS algorithm. An image segmentation method is used to classifying the current state of melanoma lesions. It further includes various steps for analysis; preprocessing which is used for image enhancement, removal of noise, hair. Then the boundary of the skin lesion is detected with the help of initial segmentation. The lesion is investigated to find the parameters using feature extraction property. The fetched parameter values are therefore used to calculate STOLZ algorithm and by feeding the output of the STOLZ algorithm in TDS, Detection of the current stage of melanoma can be identify.
TL;DR: Epithelial tumors were commonest variety of ovarian tumors followed by germ cell tumors, and a relatively high number of malignancies were observed in this study.
Abstract: Ovarian neoplasms have become increasingly important not only because of the large variety of neoplastic entities but more so because they have gradually increased the mortality rate due to female genital cancers. Diverse histopathologies are common in ovarian tumours which reflect its different cell of origin. A total of 7492 gynaecology cases were received at the Department of Pathology, Stanley Medical College, Chennai, India, during the period of January 2009 to December 2013. In this 402 ovarian tumours were studied to find out frequency of different histological patterns of ovarian tumors at our tertiary care institute. Among 402 ovarian tumour cases, majority 316 (78.6%) were benign, but an alarming number of 83 (20.65%) were malignant, remaining 3 cases were borderline. The commonest histological pattern observed in the study was epithelial tumors (71.64%). The commonest benign tumours were serous cyst adenoma and teratoma, while; the commonest malignant tumors were serous cystadenocarcinoma and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. Epithelial tumors were commonest variety of ovarian tumors followed by germ cell tumors. A relatively high number of malignancies were observed in this study.
TL;DR: Orofacial, and non-skeletal manifestations of thalassemia are discussed with an overview of radiographic and dental considerations in such patients.
Abstract: Thalassemia is one of the most confusing hemoglobinopathies. It is a kind of chronic inherited microcytic anemia characterized by defective hemoglobin synthesis and ineffective erythropoesis. It poses definite problems in relation to the dental treatment. Dental professionals should be aware of the nature and course of the disease and its implication on dental care and treatment. The severity of thalassemia varies from minimal anemia to transfusion dependence. Over the last twenty years, management for thalassemia major has improved to the point where we predict almost normal life expectancy of the patient, thus the provision of integral rather than palliative dental treatment must be considered. In this article orofacial, and non-skeletal manifestations of thalassemia are discussed with an overview of radiographic and dental considerations in such patients. The variable anemic condition of the patient, the transfusional and absorptive iron overload and the hyperplastic erythroid masses to compensate anemia complicate even the routine dental procedures in a thalassemic patient .
TL;DR: The MIC and BIC values of Thymus vulgaris essential oil show that the essential oil has strong antibacterial and antibiofilm activity.
Abstract: Background: A biofilm is group of bacteria embedded in a self-produced matrix made of polysaccharide and protein. Bacterial biofilms cause chronic infections because they show increased tolerance to antibiotics and disinfectant chemicals as well as resisting phagocytosis. Biofilm bacteria show much greater resistance to antibiotics than their free-living counterparts. Essential oils are a cheap and effective alternative to antibiotics that could be used to combat antibiotics resistant microorganisms. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of essential oil of wild Thymus vulgaris grown in Jordan on biofilm-forming clinical bacterial isolates. Results: All of the isolates included in this study were able to produce a stable biofilm that adhered to polystyrene microwells. Thymus vulgaris essential oil produced inhibitory effects against all isolates with considerable variation in susceptibility. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and biofilm inhibitory concentration (BIC) values varied between 0.0625 to 2% v/v. Isolate 6 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was the most resistant for both planktonic and biofilm growth while isolate 4 Escherichia coli was the most sensitive. Isolate 6 was the only isolate to exhibit a specific biofilm-related response to Thymus vulgaris essential oil i.e. the minimum Thymus vulgaris essential oil concentration needed to inhibit biofilm adherence was much lower than that required to inhibit planktonic growth. For the remaining isolates, BIC for the biofilm did not differ from the MIC for planktonic. Thymus vulgaris essential oil was able to inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa adherence to polystyrene. Conclusions The MIC and BIC values of Thymus vulgaris essential oil show that the essential oil has strong antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. Thymus vulgaris was able to inhibit biofilm formation in the most tolerant isolate at sub-inhibitory concentrations.
TL;DR: The attitude of the postgraduate students and faculty member reflect insufficient level of seriousness and awareness with which plagiarism is perceived and awareness about plagiarism should be improved.
Abstract: Objectives: To assess the attitude of dental postgraduate students and faculty members towards plagiarism in Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere. Materials and methods: A closed ended, standard questionnaire containing 29 statements on a 5 point Likert scale for each statement was used to collect data which measures three attitudinal factors (positive and negative attitude and subjective norms) towards plagiarism. The positive attitude towards plagiarism reflects approval and justification of such behaviour. Negative attitude towards plagiarism expresses condemnation and disapproval of plagiarism. Subjective norm expresses common thinking about the prevalence of plagiarism and the acceptance of such behaviour in the academic and scientific communities. Results: with respect to dental postgraduate students, the mean of the scores for the questions under : positive attitude was 36.5± 6.7,negative attitude was 22.53± 3.3, subjective norms was 29.31± 4.9. All these scores fall under moderate category. With respect to the faculty members mean of the scores of the questions under: positive attitude was 34.11± 7.7, negative attitude was 21.9± 3.5 and subjective norms was 27.28± 4.8.These values also fall under moderate category. Conclusions: The attitude of the postgraduate students and faculty member reflect insufficient level of seriousness and awareness with which plagiarism is perceived. Awareness about plagiarism should be improved among postgraduate students and faculty members.
TL;DR: The knowledge of dimensions of foramen magnum will be helpful radiological diagnostic procedures and neurosurgical procedures to approach in the region of Foramen Magnum.
Abstract: The foramen Magnum is a large opening in the occipital bone of the cranium. The dimensions of the foramen magnum are clinically important because vital structures passing through it may endure compression such as in cases of foramen magnum herniation, foramen Magnum meningiomas and foramen magnum achondroplasia. We studied one hundred dry, adult human skull of unknown sex and measured antero- posterior and transverse diameter with the help of vernier caliper. Additionally surface area of foramen magnum was also calculated. The mean antero-posterior diameter of the foramen magnum was 40.2mm(range 26-40mm) and the transverse diameter was 28.29mm(range 21.5-33.5mm). The mean surface area of foramen magnum was 755.37mm.The knowledge of dimensions of foramen magnum will be helpful radiological diagnostic procedures and neurosurgical procedures to approach in the region of Foramen Magnum. Considering above mentioned importance, this study is worthwhile. The foramen Magnum(FM) (Latin: 'great hole') is a large opening in the occipital bone of the cranium. Its transverse diameter is rather less than one third of the distance between the mastoid processes. The anterior border of the foramen magnum is formed by basilar process of the occipital bone, the lateral border by the left and right ex- occipitalis and posterior border is formed by the
TL;DR: This paper covers the essentials in calculating power and sample size for a variety of applied study designs and comments on their application in practice.
Abstract: This paper is designed as a tool that a researcher could use in planning and conducting quality research. This is a review paper which gives a discussion of various aspects of designing consideration in medical research. This paper covers the essentials in calculating power and sample size for a variety of applied study designs. Sample size computation for survey type of studies, observation studies and experimental studies based on means and proportions or rates, sensitivity - specificity tests for assessing the categorical outcome are presented in detail. Over the last decades, considerable interest has been focused on medical research designs and sample size estimation. The resulting literature is scattered over many textbooks and journals. This paper presents these methods in a single review and comments on their application in practice. I. Background: In medical research, we attempt to study the multitude of constantly changing and interrelated biologic processes that comprise human physiology. In order to make meaningful conclusions from the abundance of physiologic data available, we need to carefully consider the design of our investigations. We must meticulously define our study hypotheses, patient population, and research methods for our conclusions to be valid and our
TL;DR: The aim of this study was to observe the gender wise and age wise variation in the shape of coronoid process and this comparative study will be beneficial for the Anthropologists, Forensic scientists and Reconive surgeons.
Abstract: The Coronoid process is the anterior bony projected part of ramus of mandible giving attachment to two important muscles of mastication. The aim of our study was to observe the gender wise and age wise variation in the shape of coronoid process. The material for this study comprised of 92 (184 sides) dry human mandibles from the osteology bank of Anatomy Department , S.C.B Medical College ,Cuttack . The age and sex differentiating criteria were detailed in materials and methods.Three variants of coronoid process were evident with triangular being the highest 46.73%, rounded 35.3% and hook 17.93%. The incidence of triangular coronoid process predominates in adults and old age of either sex. Rounded was the highest in young and second highest in adult and old of either sex. The hook shaped coronoid process was more in males and older age but absent in younger age group. This comparative study will be beneficial for the Anthropologists, Forensic scientists and Reconstructive surgeons. As far as our knowledge goes this is the frontier study in the Eastern Indian Population.
TL;DR: The purpose of this present article is to propose the various classification systems given by various authors which will enable us to adopt a uniform terminology and improve communications between clinicians, pathologist and surgeons.
Abstract: Fibro-Osseous lesions [FOL] are a group of lesions which are known to affect the jaws and the craniofacial bones which is regarded as very confusing area in diagnostic pathology . The term refers to a diverse process in which the normal architecture of bone is replaced by fibrous tissue containing varying amount of foci of mineralization. Various classification systems have been put forward by various authors by extensive research methodologies. The purpose of this present article is to propose the various classification systems given by various authors which will enable us to adopt a uniform terminology and improve communications between clinicians, pathologist and surgeons.
TL;DR: This paper implements a cuff-less continuous blood pressure monitoring device, which is consisted of two acquisition modules and an Android smart-phone, and can be used for non-constrained and continuousBlood pressure monitoring.
Abstract: Blood pressure (BP), the pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of blood vessels, is an important physiological parameter and can provide some information for personal healthcare. There are two ways to measure blood pressure of human being, invasive and noninvasive methods. Invasive method can measure BP continuously and accurately, however, it is inconvenient to operate and may cause infection. Therefore, in this paper, we implement a cuff-less continuous blood pressure monitoring device, which is consisted of two acquisition modules and an Android smart-phone. The data can be transmitted by a Bluetooth module in the system. The pulse transit time (PTT) can be obtained by using the ECG and pulse wave signals, which were synchronously acquired by our designed system, for estimating blood pressure. Our proposed method can be used for non-constrained and continuous blood pressure monitoring.
TL;DR: M Males with age group above 60 years were most commonly affected in the authors' area and Predominant clinical type was tinea unguium probably because most of them were farmers and labourers with poor hygiene.
Abstract: Background: Dermatophytosis is one of the most common cutaneous fungal infections of public health importance. Its prevalence differs from place to place and is influenced by environmental conditions, personal hygiene and habits. Aim: The present study was undertaken to assess the clinical and mycological profile of dermatophytic infection and identify the species of fungi using standard techniques. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in 100 clinically diagnosed patients of dermatophytosis attending the dermatology outpatient department of our hospital. Proforma containing structured questionnaire was also filled. Skin scrapings, nail scrapes or nail clippings and infected hair stubs were collected. All specimens were screened for dermatophytes by direct microscopy using KOH DMSO preparation and confirmed by fungal culture. Results: Tinea unguium (52.0%) was predominant clinical condition. Males were affected more (79.0%) than females. Dermatophytosis was predominantly found in more than 60 years (32.0%) and 31-45 years (24.0%). Fungi were demonstrated in 55.0% cases by KOH mount and 46.0% cases were positive by culture. 16.0% cases were KOH negative and culture positive. Trichophyton rubrum (41.0%) was the predominant species. Conclusions: Males with age group above 60 years were most commonly affected in our area. Predominant clinical type was tinea unguium probably because most of them were farmers and labourers with poor hygiene. Trichophyton rubrum was the commonest dermatophyte isolated. KOH negative and culture positive cases indicate that culture is a gold standard for isolation and identification of dermatophytes.
TL;DR: Carbenem resistance due to production of carbapenemase is prevalent in the authors' hospital and Modified Hodge Test (MHT) is a simple test in the routine lab for detection of carbAPenemases.
Abstract: Introduction: Carbapenems are considered to be the last choice for drug resistant Gramnegative bacteria but emergence of carbapenem resistant Gram-negative bacteria worldwide due to the production of carbapenemase has jeopardize their use. Aims and objectives: To detect the prevalence of carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacteria and carbapenemase production by Modified Hodge Test. Materials and Methods: A total of 160 isolates of Gram-negative bacteria from November 2012 to October 2014, from different clinical samples were included in the study. Those isolates with intermediate or resistant zone to meropenem and doripenem by disc diffusion methods according to CLSI guidelines were confirmed by E-test and were again tested for carbapenemase production by Modified Hodge Test (MHT). Results: Out of 160 isolates, 48 (30%) showed resistance to carbapenem by disc diffusion and E-test. Carbapenem resistance was higher in female patients 41.6% than in male patients 15.5% and among ICU patients 57.1%, ward patients 33.3% and among OPD patients 13.8%. Maximum number of carbapenem resistant isolate was obtained from urine sample n= 20, followed by pus n=13 and wound swab n=7. MHT for carbapenemase production was positive in 29 (60.4%) of the isolates. Carbapenemase production by MHT was highest with Acinetobacter spp. with n=5 (83.3%), followed by Pseudomonas spp. n= 6 (75%) and E.coli spp. n=16 (65.5%) and nil among Citrobacter spp. Conclusions: Carbapenem resistance due to production of carbapenemase is prevalent in our hospital. MHT is a simple test in the routine lab for detection of carbapenemases.
TL;DR: After evaluation of FNAC and FNNAC on the basis of these scores, greater numbers of diagnostically superior samples were obtained by FNNac; however, by FNAC more number of diagnOSTically adequate smears were observed.
Abstract: AIM: To compare the efficacy of fine – needle non – aspiration cytology (FNNAC) with that of fine – needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of thyroid lesions. Materials and Methods: FNAC and FNNAC techniques were studied in 88 cases of thyroid lesions. All the needle – sampling procedures were done by a single operator. The samples were assessed cytologically and evaluated using five parameters, that is, background blood or clot, amount of cellular material, degree of cellular degeneration, and degree of cellular trauma and retention of appropriate architecture. Statistical Analysis: Wilcoxon signed rank test was performed using SPSS 14 software. Differences between all the individual parameters as observed in FNAC and FNNAC smears were insignificant. Results and Conclusion: After evaluation of FNAC and FNNAC on the basis of these scores, greater numbers of diagnostically superior samples were obtained by FNNAC; however, by FNAC more number of diagnostically adequate smears were observed. The numbers of unsuitable smears were also more by FNNAC technique.
TL;DR: MDS graduates had better knowledge, attitude than BDS graduates towards dental ergonomics and female MDS had adopted better ergonomic principles.
Abstract: Background: The prevalence of the work –related musculoskeletal disorders among the dentist is high. Ill health retirement adds on the burden to the health care delivery system. Numerous studies have been conducted to assess the work related disorders but limited data is available on the knowledge, attitude and behavior during dental health care among the Indian dentist. Materials and Methods: The questionnaire survey was carried out among 55 Indian dentists aged between 24 to 46 years, from Dhule, India. The questionnaire related to knowledge, attitude and behavior related to ergonomic practices in the dental office. Data were statistically analyzed applying chi-square test (p<0.05). Results: The total sample consists of 40 males and 15 females. Out of total 55, 44% are MDS and 56% are BDS graduates. There is a significant difference between knowledge ,attitude and behavior among dentist (p<0.05).Around 53% dentist worked for 6-8 hours and 45.4% adopted sitting posture and 43.6% adopted the combination of sitting and standing position. The main work related musculoskeletal disorder symptoms included pain in Back, Neck and shoulder region. Conclusion: MDS graduates had better knowledge, attitude than BDS graduates towards dental ergonomics. Increase in knowledge and attitude didn’t result in the desired behavior. Female MDS had adopted better ergonomic principles. Motivation and encouragement to adopt the dental ergonomics helps to prevent the work related musculoskeletal disorders.
TL;DR: Measurement of serum TSH is the most practical, simple and economic screening test for thyroid dysfunction.
Abstract: Thyroid disorders are among the common endocrine problems in pregnant women. Thyroid dysfunction may be overlooked in pregnancy because of the nonspecific symptoms and hypermetabolic state of normal pregnancy. Thyroid dysfunction has varied impact on pregnancy outcome. The risk of miscarriage is increased in autoimmune thyroid disease. Severe maternal hypothyroidism can result in irreversible neurological deficit in the offspring. Graves’ disease can lead to pregnancy loss as well as fetal thyroid dysfunction.Measurement of serum TSH is the most practical, simple and economic screening test for thyroid dysfunction.
TL;DR: Hygiene-related practices of women during menstruation are of considerable importance, as it has a health impact in terms of increased vulnerability to reproductive tract infections (RTI) and good hygienic practices such as the use of sanitary pads and adequate washing of the genital area are essential.
Abstract: Menstruation is generally considered as unclean in the Indian society. Isolation of the menstruating girls and restrictions being imposed on them in the family, have reinforced a negative attitude towards this phenomenon. There is a substantial lacuna in the knowledge about menstruation among adolescent girls. Although menstruation is a natural process, it is linked with several misconceptions and practices. Hygiene-related practices of women during menstruation are of considerable importance, as it has a health impact in terms of increased vulnerability to reproductive tract infections (RTI). Good hygienic practices such as the use of sanitary pads and adequate washing of the genital area are essential during menstruation. Menstrual hygiene and management will directly contribute to the Millennium Development Goal (MDG)-2 on universal education and MDG -3 on gender equality and women empowerment.
TL;DR: Hearing improvement, graft uptake and clinical improvement were statistically incomparable in 2 groups and combining cortical mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty will not give additional benefits in terms of hearing gain, disease clearance and graft uptake.
Abstract: Objectives: To compare the results of tympanoplasty alone and tympanoplasty with cortical mastoidectomy in chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) patients with sclerotic bone in terms of graft uptake, perforation closure, improvement in hearing and disease eradication. Study Design: Retrospective study of patients at tertiary referral hospital. Method: 50 cases of non-cholesteatomatous chronic suppurative otitis media were selected. Tympanoplasty alone was done in 25 cases and tympanoplasty combined with cortical mastoidectomy was done in another 25 cases. Patients were reviewed postoperatively at 4, 8 and 12 weeks to inspect the operated ear for graft uptake or any complication. Pure tone audiometry(PTA) was done at 2 nd and 4 th month to evaluate the hearing improvement. Results: In our study, hearing gain in decibel ( dB ) in tympanoplasty group was 7.64 and in tympanoplasty combined with cortical mastoidectomy was 8.84. Graft uptake was 76% in tympanoplasty group and 88% in tympanoplasty combined with cortical mastoidectomy. Recurrence of discharge was seen in 2 cases of tympanoplasty. Though tympanoplasty combined with cortical mastoidectomy is better in hearing improvement, graft uptake and clinical improvement but the difference in 2 groups is statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Hearing improvement, graft uptake and clinical improvement were statistically incomparable in 2 groups. Combining cortical mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty will not give additional benefits in terms of hearing gain, disease clearance and graft uptake.