Showing papers in "Japanese Heart Journal in 1977"
TL;DR: The results suggest that BK formed within ischemic myocardium exerts a negative inotropic action on the heart.
Abstract: The following parameters were studied before and after acute occlusion of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery in 17 dogs: bradykinin (BK) in the coronary sinus blood, heart rate (HR), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular max dp/dt (LV max dp/dt), and an index of myocardial contractility (LV max dp/dt/IP). BK levels increased, reaching a maximum of 30 +/- 13 ng/ml 2 min after coronary ligation, accompanied by a significant elevation of LVEDP, and lowering of the myocardial contractility index. HR and LV max dp/dt showed no significant changes. A positive correlation obtained between the level of BK and LVEDP, as well as a negative correlation between the level of BK and of both LVSP and myocardial contractility index. Pretreatment with aprotinine (Trasylol), an inhibitor of kinin forming enzyme, prevented the increase in both BK and LVEDP after coronary artery ligation and caused an elevation of myocardial contractility index. These results suggest that BK formed within ischemic myocardium exerts a negative inotropic action on the heart.
72 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that the diltiazem hydrochloride is a slow channel inhibitor, and its clinical implication is discussed in terms of antiarrhythmic activity.
Abstract: The effect of diltiazem hydrochloride (CRD-401), a coronary vasodilator, was investigated in isolated perfused canine ventricular muscles and Purkinje fibers using microelectrodes. The drug at a concentration of 1μg/ml lowered the level of action potential plateau and shortened the duration in both ventricular and Purkinje fibers without change in maximum rate of rise (Vmax) or resting potential. Contractile tension of ventricular muscle was markedly decreased with shortening of plateau. With higher drug concentration (5μg/ml), Vmax in both ventricular muscle and Purkinje fiber decreased about 20% without change in resting potential, and the effect on repolarization became more marked. The drug blocked spontaneous firing which appeared in depolarized Purkinje fibers and abolished the automaticity elicited in electrically depolarized ventricular muscles. Input resistance of ventricular muscle, measured by small, hyperpolarizing short pulses, was not changed appreciably by the drug; suggesting no change in potassium conductance. These results suggest that the drug is a slow channel inhibitor, and its clinical implication is discussed in terms of antiarrhythmic acitivty.
59 citations
TL;DR: Findings indicate that the mechanism of contraction of the large conductance artery is different from that of the small resistive artery and arterioles.
Abstract: Using the isolated perfused heart preparation supported by a donor the effects of vasodilators on the large conductance artery were studied and were compared with those on the small resistive artery and arterioles. Nitroglycerin produced a preferential dilatation of the large conductance artery, while dipyridamole produced a dilatation only of the small resistive artery and arterioles.Among the "calcium antagonistic" vasodilators tested, only diltiazem produced a dilatation of the large conductance artery, verapamil and nifedipine producing a dilatation only of the samll resistive artery and arterioles. These findings indicate that the mechanism of contraction of the large conductance artery is different from that of the small resistive artery and arterioles.
41 citations
TL;DR: DIC was found with a high incidence in the aged, and many of them were complicated with fresh cardiac lesions, especially in men and women aged 31 to 91 years, with mainly malignancy and sepsis.
Abstract: Diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was made in 64 cases (16.2%) among a total of 395 autopsy cases. There were 31 men and 33 women. Their ages ranged from 31 to 91 years (mean 76.3). Underlying diseases were mainly malignancy and sepsis.Fresh cardiac lesions were found in 40 cases (62.5%). Coronary thrombosis was found in 13 cases (20.3%) and myocardial necrosis in 24 cases (37.5%), with acute myocardial infarction in 9 and focal necrosis in 15. Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis was found in 17 cases (26.6%), mural thrombi in 11 (17.2%), and bleeding of the heart in 11 (17.2%). Platelet count, fibrinogen and euglobulin lysis time were not correlated with myocardial necrosis nor coronary thrombosis. Increase of fibrin degradation products correlated with the presence of coronary thrombosis with or without myocardial necrosis.DIG was found with a high incidence in the aged, and many of them were complicated with fresh cardiac lesions. Development of acute myocardial infarction depends on the small thrombi in the severe stenosis of the main coronary arteries or on the multiple microthrombi in the peripheral coronary branches.
28 citations
TL;DR: It appears that SK&F 24260 afects predominantly blood vessels whereas the other drugs affect rather the heart to produce a negative inotropic action.
Abstract: The cardiohemodynamic effects of a hypotensive agent, SK & F 24260, and coronary vasodilators, diltiazem, dilazep, and trimetazidine, and D 600 were studied in anesthetized open-chest dogs. The systemic blood pressure, cardiac output (pulmonary arterial flow), venous return (sum of the inferior and superior caval flow), right atrial pressure and heart rate were measured. All 5 drugs decreased the systemic blood pressure and heart rate and increased the right atrial pressure. The venous return and the cardiac output were reduced by higher doses of all the 5 drugs. However, SK & F 24260 in a wide range of doses greatly and diltiazem slightly but clearly increased the venous return and cardiac output. It appears that SK & F 24260 affects predominantly blood vessels whereas the other drugs affect rather the heart to produce a negative inotropic action.
28 citations
TL;DR: The final interpretation on the mechanism of the second sound agrees in principle with the studies of Luciani, Wiggers, and Rushmer attributing the sound vibrations to release of the energy stored in the aortic wall, which accelerates the flow and causes deceleration of numerous structures (aortic and valvar) as well as of the blood.
Abstract: Studies are reported on the exact timing of the aortic component of the second sound in relationship to aortic pressure and flow velocity, and also to aortic valve closure. These studies were performed in animals by means of catheter-tip probes and an electric contact introduced into the aortic valve. They were supplemented by echocardiographic studies of the aortic valve, and impedance cardiograms in man. Opening of the aortic valve and its relationship to the first heart sound were also studied.It was observed that the second component of the first heart sound grossly coincides with the opening of the aortic valve.The aortic component of the second sound starts a few milliseconds after aortic valve closure. It starts after the incisura of the aortic pressure tracing and the drop of the velocity curve to the zero line; it then increases attaining its maximum at the peak of the rapid rebound of the aortic pressure, which coincides with the trough of the velocity tracing.The final interpretation on the mechanism of the second sound agrees in principle with the studies of Luciani, Wiggers, and Rushmer attributing the sound vibrations to release of the energy stored in the aortic wall, which accelerates the flow and causes deceleration of numerous structures (aortic and valvar) as well as of the blood. Studies of the rate of change of acceleration of pressure confirm this interpretation.
27 citations
TL;DR: Arteriolipidosis-prone rats (ALR) were successfully selected among SHR by repeatedly breeding rats with a greater reactive hypercholesterolemia by establishing that not only hypertension but also possible genetic abnormality in cholesterol metabolism is important for atherogenesis.
Abstract: Arteriolipidosis-prone rats (ALR) were successfully selected among SHR by repeatedly breeding rats with a greater reactive hypercholesterolemia. When fed on a HFC diet for few weeks, they rapidly developed hypercholesterolemia and ring-like fat deposits in mesenteric and cerebrobasal arteries. The establishment of ALR has proven that not only hypertension but also possible genetic abnormality in cholesterol metabolism is important for atherogenesis.
25 citations
25 citations
TL;DR: The relative amounts of myosin and alpha-actinin decreased at 24 to 48 hours after coronary ligation, became lowest at 72 hours, and remained at this level for 2 weeks and returned to almost normal value at 28 days, in animal experiments using dogs.
Abstract: 1. Changes of structural proteins in experimental and human myocardial infarction were studied by the determination of myosin- and acto-myosin-ATPase activities and gel electrophoretic analysis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS).2. In animal experiments using dogs, the relative amounts of myosin and α-actinin decreased at 24 to 48 hours after coronary ligation, became lowest at 72 hours, and remained at this level for 2 weeks and returned to almost normal value at 28 days.3. Myosin-and actomyosin-ATPase activities decreased rapidly during 24 to 48 hours after ligation with temporary increase in their activities in the initial stage of ischemia and followed the similar time course as that of the amounts of myosin and α-actinin.4. SDS gel electrophoretic analysis of structural proteins of infarcted tissues of the human hearts obtained from 5 cadavers showed also marked decrease of the contents of myosin and α-actinin with relative preservation of actin, tropomyosin and troponin-T.
23 citations
TL;DR: It can be concluded that EN is a safe and effective agent for relieving various symptoms attributed to hypertension and cerebral arteriosclerosis.
Abstract: A controlled, double-blind study of effects of dl-alpha-tocopheryl nicotinate (vitamin E-nicotinate: EN) for relief of symptoms was performed in 94 patients with hypertension and cerebral arteriosclerosis. Eighty-nine cases (44 cases treated with EN and 45 with inactive placebo) had completed this study, and remaining 5 cases were dropped out.Six capsules of EN (600mg) in the treated group and 6 capsules of inactive placebo in the placebo group were given daily for 4 weeks in all cases, and for 6 weeks in 43 cases. The following results were obtained. 1) The general improvement rating was significantly greater in EN group than that in placebo group (p<0.005). 2) For 5 items of subjective symptoms, the improvement rating of EN was relatively higher than that of placebo. The result of statistical analysis of them was as follows; numbness of limbs (p=0.032), dizziness (p=0.054), stiff neck (p<0.10), heavy feeling of head (p<0.10), and insomnia (p=0.025). 3) The general improvement rating increased consistently as related to the time intervals following the treatment in EN group as follows; 73.7% at 2 weeks, 87.2% at 4 weeks, and 95.2% at 6 weeks intervals. On the other hand, that in placebo group was essentially the same at each time interval as follows; 68.6% at 2 weeks, 61.1% at 4 weeks, and 63.6% at 6 weeks intervals, respectively. 4) No untoward side effects from this agent were observed during study, but a few cases experienced mild anorexia, diarrhea or abdominal discomfort. From the present results, it can be concluded that EN is a safe and effective agent for relieving various symptoms attributed to hypertension and cerebral arteriosclerosis.
21 citations
TL;DR: A new concept of reversible myocardial infarction induced from the hypercoagulability, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and elevated hematocrit is proposed.
Abstract: Seven elderly cases with reversible electrocardiographic changes simulating acute myocardial infarction in the absence of gross myocardial infarction on postmortem examination were observed following the blood transfusion. The underlying diseases were cancer of gastrointestinal tract or gall bladder in 4, gastric ulcer in 2, and 1 of pseudomembranous enterocolitis. The electrocardiogram revealed the abnormal Q waves with monophasic ST elevation and following coronary T inversion. These findings lasted only for 2 to 7 days and returned to the previous normal tracings. The hematocrit was elevated from 28.9 to 47.7 after the blood transfusion of 800 to 1,800 ml. The disseminated intravascular coagulation was shown in 5 cases. GOT levels were within normal ranges except 1 case. Pathological findings in cases with recent electrocardiographic changes were characterized by the mural thromboses, extending into the myocardium through the Thebesian vein. The focal small necroses of the adjacent myocardium or around the thrombosis of small vessels were also observed. In the later phase the fine interstitial fibrosis took place after the resorption of the thrombi and necrotic foci. From these clinical and pathological findings we proposed a new concept of reversible myocardial infarction induced from the hypercoagulability, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and elevated hematocrit.
TL;DR: The present study raised the importance of symptomatology inSHRSP, and reassured that SHRSP is a good animal model for stroke from a symptomatological view point.
Abstract: Close observation of signs and symptoms in SHRSP enabled us to analyze to some extent the pathology and topography of cerebrovascular lesions. The present study raised the importance of symptomatology in SHRSP, and also reassured that SHRSP is a good animal model for stroke from a symptomatological view point.
TL;DR: The present results provide an experimental model of chronic cardiac hypertrophy and failure to study the pathophysiology of heart failure due to mitral insufficiency in 45 dogs and indicate that the right ventricle and right atrium were not affected initially.
Abstract: Various cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure, pressures in the 4 chambers of the heart, cardiac output, cardiac index, dp/dt and (dp/dt)/IIP of left and right ventricular pressures, heart rate, total peripheral resistance, left ventricular work index, roentgenogram, electrocardiogram) were assessed before and after various intervals of mitral insufficiency in 45 dogs produced by detaching 2 or 3 chordae tendineae from one papillary muscle through left atrial route to raise the left atrial pressure up to 2.5 to 3 times the normal. Fourteen of 45 dogs that died within 2 weeks had left atrial pressure more than 60mmHg. The present method of production of mitral insufficiency was compatible with prolonged survival (11 months). Systolic thrills, cine-angiocardiography, and left atrial expansion during systole prior to sacrifice documented the presence of mitral insufficiency. Roentgenograms, hemodynamic measurements and necropsy data documented the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy and failure. Hemodynamic measurements performed just prior to sacrifice showed that there was an increase in the left ventricular function during the early stage of ventricular adjustments to a chronically increased volume overload. Later on as hypertrophy progressed, cardiac function became depressed and left ventricular failure subsequently developed. The hemodynamic and autopsy data indicated that the right ventricle and right atrium were not affected initially. Later on because of the back pressure, the right side of the heart also began to show the effect of back pressure. There was an increase in the blood pressure and total peripheral resistance. The present results provide an experimental model of chronic cardiac hypertrophy and failure to study the pathophysiology of heart failure due to mitral insufficiency.
TL;DR: It is suggested that cardiac function in patients with moderate to advanced PMD of the Duchenne type is deteriorated in proportion to the disability stages, i.e. the severity of changes in the skeletal muscles.
Abstract: Systolic time intervals (STIs) were measured in 57 patients with progressive muscular dystrophy (PMD) of the Duchenne type, and were correlated with the stages of physical disability. The total electromechanical systole (Q-A2), pre-ejection period (PEP), and left ventricular ejection time (LVET) were corrected for heart rate using the linear regression equations calculated from 91 normal subjects. Each systolic time interval index (STII), i.e. corrected STI, was analyzed.In 15 ambulatory patients (Group P-1), the STIls did not differ significantly from those in normal controls. In 37 patients who were unable to walk (Group P-2) and 5 patients who were confined to bed (Group P-3), there was a significant increase (p<0.001) in the PEP index (PEPI), a decrease (p<0.001) in the LVET index (LVETI), and an increase (p<0.001) in the PEP/LVET compared with those in controls. The PEPI (p<.001), LVETI (p<0.025), and PEP/LVET (p<0.001) in Group P-2 differed significantly from those in Group P-1. In Group P-3, the PEPI (p<0.005), LVET (p<0.001), and PEP/LVET (p<0.001) were significantly changed in comparison with those in Group P-2.Remarkable myocardial histopathologic changes suggestive of dystrophy were revealed in autopsies of 3 patients who had been in the severely disabled stage and had shown impaired STIs.It is suggested that cardiac function in patients with moderate to ad-vanced PMD of the Duchenne type is deteriorated in proportion to the disability stages, i.e. the severity of changes in the skeletal muscles.
TL;DR: It is concluded that vasopressin has a direct stimulating property on SA nodal pacemaker activity and a direct suppressive property on atrial contractility.
Abstract: Effects of vasopressin on SA nodal pacemaker activity and atrial contractility were investigated, using 5 isolated, blood-perfused canine atrium preparations. Vasopressin produced a dose-related positive chronotropic and negative inotropic effect, which was not influenced by treatments with an adequate dose of atropine or an adrenergic beta-blocking agent, alprenolol. From these results, it is concluded that vasopressin has a direct stimulating property on SA nodal pacemaker activity and a direct suppressive property on atrial contractility.
TL;DR: It is reported that nifedipine, a newly developed antianginal agent, was dramatically effective to suppress the repeatedly occurring ventricular fibrillation in 2 cases of variant form of angina pectoris.
Abstract: It is reported that nifedipine, a newly developed antianginal agent, was dramatically effective to suppress the repeatedly occurring ventricular fibrillation in 2 cases of variant form of angina pectoris.
TL;DR: Using isolated, blood-perfused atrium preparation of the dogs, the effect of stretch on sinus rate was studied in 11 preparations and stretching usually produced sinus acceleration in all 11 spontaneously beating atria.
Abstract: Using isolated, blood-perfused atrium preparation of the dogs, the effect of stretch on sinus rate was studied in 11 preparations. Stretching usually produced sinus acceleration in all 11 spontaneously beating atria. Within a range of 0--30 Gm, greater degrees of stretch produced greater degrees of sinus acceleration. During maintained stretch sinus rate slightly reduced but not to the control rate. On release from stretch sinus rate immediately returned to the control rate, and there was occasionally a slowing to rates lower than control in verapamil treated preparations. Atropine, adrenergic beta-receptor blocking agents, propranolol and carteolol, verapamil, and tetrodotoxin did not greatly modify responses to stretching.
TL;DR: It was pointed out that not only PMI but also severe lesions in corresponding ventricular wall were necessary for the development of PMD, which showed high incidence in inferior MI and in female.
Abstract: A total of 11 cases of papillary muscle dysfunction (PMD) was found among 600 consecutive autopsy (1.8%). There were 5 men and 6 women, with their ages ranging from 64 to 92 years. Auscultation and phonocardiograms revealed holosystolic murmurs in 9 cases and early systolic murmurs in 2. There were accentuated 1st sound in 8 cases, 3rd sound in 7, and 4th sound in 5. PMD was classified into 3 types according to the clinical course and pathologic examinations. In type A (6 cases), myocardial infarction (MI) preceded the occurence of mitral regurgitation (MR) by 3 or 4 years, with pathological verification of old MI. In type B (1 case), MR developed during acute MI. In type C (4 cases), pathological examinations disclosed various degrees of myocardial fibrosis, in which clinical diagnosis was MR of unknown etiology. In a total of 113 cases of MI, 36 cases (32%) showed papillary muscle infarction (PMI), which occurred with significantly high incidence in (1) male, (2) large MI, and (3) subendocardial or lateral MI. Among 36 cases of PMI, 9 cases developed PMD, which showed high incidence in inferior MI and in female. Various other factors concerning PMD and PMI were examined, and it was pointed out that not only PMI but also severe lesions in corresponding ventricular wall were necessary for the development of PMD.
TL;DR: The present data strongly suggests that the echocardiogram of the pulmonary valve should be carefully evaluated in the light of the spatial relationship of the echo beam and the valve in order to give the diagnostic importance.
Abstract: In order to examine the variability of the pattern due to the location and direction of the ultrasonic transducer, echocadiograms of the pulmonary valve were obtained from different precordial areas in 28 patients with various diseases and in 3 normal subjects.By higher positioning of the transducer, the diastolic slope became slower or upward and the 'a' wave became indiscernible, giving the pattern of pulmonary hypertension even in the normotensives. The anterior cusp was also detected by tilting of the transducer in some cases.Systolic time intervals (STI) of the right ventricle, however, were not influenced by the beam angle.The present data strongly suggests that the echocardiogram of the pulmonary valve should be carefully evaluated in the light of the spatial relationship of the echo beam and the valve in order to give the diagnostic importance.
TL;DR: The incidence, the size of mitral ring calcification (MRC) and its relation to the mitral valve disease were examined in a total of 600 consecutive autopsy cases of over 60 years of age.
Abstract: The incidence, the size of mitral ring calcification (MRC) and its relation to the mitral valve disease were examined in a total of 600 consecutive autopsy cases of over 60 years of age. (1) The incidence of MRC was 10% (60 cases among 600), and the sex difference was statistically significant with 6.7% in male and 13.3% in female (p<0.01). The age was 82 years in average, and an increase of its incidence with aging was significant only in female (p<0.005). (2) MRC was found in the annulus of the posterior mitral leaflet. The length of MRC was 12.5±10.3mm in male, and 31.8±23.5mm in female (p<0.01). Large MRC more than 30mm were found in 1 man and 19 women. (3) The relationship between the length and cross sectional diameter of the MRC showed a positive correlation (r=0.75). Three cases of mitral stenosis or combined stenosis and regurgitation belonged to the extremely large MRC group. (4) There were 27 cases with systolic murmur; 3 holosystolic and 24 ejection type. In large and small MRC groups, systolic murmurs were found in 70% and 33% (p<0.05), MRC extending to the anterior leaflet in 65% and 2.5% (p<0.005), moderate to severe calci-fication of the aortic valve in 40% and 20% (n.s.), respectively. (5) Xray films were examined retrospectively, and large MRC was diagnosed in 85%, and incidence of calcification in the other soft tissues (trachea, bronchi, costal cartilage, aortic arch, thoracic and abdominal aorta) was higher in large MRC group than in the control group (87 cases) without MRC (p<0.005).
TL;DR: The results indicated that acetylstrophanthidin induced the transient inward current which was the basis of the transient depolarization and the current might represent an abnormal state of the slow inward current possibly related to the altered internal Na+ and Ca++ concentrations.
Abstract: Voltage clamp experiments were carried out with short Purkinje fibers exposed to acetylstrophanthidin. A consistent change in membrane current was an appearance of a transient inward current on repolarization to the resting potential from the preceding depolarization, when preparations were treated with sufficient concentration of acetylstrophanthidin to cause the transient depolarization. This transient inward current displayed voltage- and time-dependence on the preceding depolarization, of which kinetics were different from the pacemaker K+ current. The transient inward current was easily blocked by manganese ions. The results indicated that acetylstrophanthidin induced the transient inward current which was the basis of the transient depolarization and the current might represent an abnormal state of the slow inward current possibly related to the altered internal Na+ and Ca++ concentrations.
TL;DR: This prolongation of monophasic action potential duration did not result from the hemodynamic changes and could be a primary effect of the sympathetic nerve stimulation.
Abstract: The changes of monophasic action potential durations due to stellate stimulation for the period of 3sec were studied in dogs with suction electrodes from the anterior surface of the right ventricle and the posterior surface of the left ventricle. Prolongation of monophasic action potential duration was observed from the period of 2 to 3sec during stimulation to that of 10 to 20sec after the termination of stimulation. Prolongation of monophasic action potential duration due to right stellate stimulation was predominant in the right ventricle and that due to left stellate stimulation was predominant in the left ventricle. The transient T wave change in the surface electrocardiogram occurring immediately after the beginning of stellate stimulation could be explained by this local difference in prolongation of ventricular repolarization. Since the onset of prolongation of monophasic action potential duration preceded increase in blood pressure following stellate stimulation, this prolongation of monophasic action potential duration did not result from the hemodynamic changes and could be a primary effect of the sympathetic nerve stimulation.
TL;DR: It is concluded that 1) in chronotropy, calcitonin causes a negative chronotropic effect, and 2) in inotropy calciton in causing a negative inotropic effect on the atrium but not on the ventricle.
Abstract: Effects of salmon calcitonin on SA node pacemaker activity and contractility were investigated in isolated atrium and papillary muscle preparations which were perfused with arterial blood led from a carotid artery of the support dog. Calcitonin at a dose range from 0.005 to 0.16 units was injected into the cannulated sinus node artery, which doserelatedly caused a negative chronotropic and inotropic effect in atrium preparations. This negative effect was not modified by treatment with atropine. On the other hand, in the isolated paillary muscle preparations, an intraarterial calcitonin caused little negative inotropic effect even at higher dose level of 0.16 units.From these results, it is concluded that 1) in chronotropy, calcitonin causes a negative chronotropic effect, and 2) in inotropy calcitonin causes a negative inotropic effect on the atrium but not on the ventricle.
TL;DR: Sinus node response to premature atrial stimulation (PAS) was studied in 30 aged patients and the calculated SACT in group I showed a high correlation with basic sinus cycle length, while no correlation was observed in group II.
Abstract: Sinus node response to premature atrial stimulation (PAS) was studied in 30 aged patients (group I: 21 cases without sinus node dysfunction, group II: 9 cases with sick sinus syndrome). Sinoatrial conduction time (SACT) was calculated according to the method reported by Strauss et al.As coupling interval of PAS decreased, there noted 5 patterns of sinus node response. In Type A, return cycle length (RC) initially increased (fully compensatory pause) and then became constant; RC progressively increased either along the compensatory reference line (Type B1) or along the less-than-compensatory line (Type B2) without being constant. In 2 other cases, RC showed similar pattern as in Type A up to 32-37% of sinus cycle length where they showed abrupt prolongation below or above the compensatory reference line (Types C and D, respectively).The incidence of abnormal response (Types B1, B2, C, and D) was high both in group I (38.0%) and group II (33.3%). The calculated SACT in group I showed a high correlation with basic sinus cycle length, while no correlation was observed in group II.The possible factors influencing return cycle length and significance of frequent observation of abnormal sinus nodal responses in the aged subjects were discussed.
TL;DR: Noise-free and enlarged P loops of the Frank lead system were obtained from 164 normal Japanese males and 137 females with computer-averaging technique of 8 consecutive beats, and sex and age differences were statistically analyzed.
Abstract: Noise-free and enlarged P loops of the Frank lead system were obtain-ed from 164 normal Japanese males and 137 females (mean age: 34.4 and 33.2 years, respectively) with computer-averaging technique of 8 consecutive beats. Automated measurements concerning 17 parameters of the P loop (P durations, magnitudes, and directions of 3 planar, spatial maximal, and mean polar P vector) were carried out. At the same time, sex and age differences were statistically analyzed.I. Sex differencesSignificant sex differences were found in 5 items in the first age group (20-29 years), 3 items in the second (30-39 years), and 7 items in the third (40-49 years).II. Age differencesIn males, the effect of aging was observed in 5 parameters out of 17, in time durations extended and maximal vectors displaced posteriorly. In females, changes with advancing age were observed in 13 items out of 17, thus leaving only 4-parameter, including frontal maximal P vectors and directions of mean polar P vectors as unaffected.
TL;DR: The incidence of stroke in SHRSP was prevented by providing these diets from an early age-the earlier the better and it seems that not only protein but minerals play a role in the prevention of stroke.
Abstract: The diet containing white fish meal, euphausia, euphausia/white fish meal, yolk/egg white, chlorella/white fish meal, hydrocarbon yeast/white fish meal, sweet smelt or dried beef meal/meat bone meal as a protein source could markedly depress the elevation of blood pressure, prevent the incidence of stroke and elongate the life-span in SHRSP. We observed marked or slight enlargements of the kidney (1.6-2.0 times as heavy as the control) and the liver (1.1-1.2 times) in SHRSP fed with the 50% white fish meal diet or the 50% casein diet over a long time, but did not observe it in feeding with the diet containing under about 30% crude protein. Therefore, the 35% euphausia or 25% euphausia/10% white fish meal diet seems to be most effective in preventing stroke in SHRSP.The incidence of stroke in SHRSP was prevented by providing these diets from an early age-the earlier the better.The 50% dried beef meal diet was effective, but 25% dried beef meal/25% meat bone meal diet was more effective in males. It seems that not only protein but minerals play a role in the prevention of stroke.
TL;DR: The possibility of spontaneous closure of ventricular septal defect during adulthood strongly suggested itself when compared with previous data on post middle age subjects.
Abstract: The prevalence and relative frequency of congenital heart disease in high school and college students were investigated during the period April 1970-March 1976. Forty congenital lesions were found among 13,127 subjects which shows a rate of 3 per thousand. The ratio of congenital lesion to rheumatic heart disease was 4/1. Ventricular septal defect was the most common defect, found in 30% of all lesions followed by atrial septal defect (20%) and patent ductus arteriosus (17.5%). The prevalence and relative frequency in those investigated differed only slightly from the results obtained among children. The possibility of spontaneous closure of ventricular septal defect during adulthood strongly suggested itself when compared with our previous data on post middle age subjects.
TL;DR: Computer interpretation of PCG's has proved itself valuable for the rapid mass-screening of cardiovascular disease and provides more objective and quantitative information than human auscultation, though it is still at a developmental stage because of the present technical limitations.
Abstract: A mini-computer system for PCG interpretation has been functioning since 1971. The system can analyze as many as 100 PCG's in 3 hours. Based on our 5 years' experience, computer interpretation of PCG's has proved itself valuable for the rapid mass-screening of cardiovascular disease. It also provides more objective and quantitative information than human auscultation, though it is still at a developmental stage because of the present technical limitations. The solution of these shortcomings should achieve an automated PCG analysis of high accuracy.