Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 

About: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Population & Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It has an ISSN identifier of 1525-4135. Over the lifetime, 10459 publications have been published receiving 367199 citations. The journal is also known as: J A I D S.

Mortality in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era: changing causes of death and disease in the HIV outpatient study.

Abstract: Background:AIDS-related death and disease rates have declined in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era and remain low; however, current causes of death in HAART-treated patients remain ill defined.Objective:To describe mortality trends and causes of death among HIV-infected patients i

Meta-analysis of high-risk sexual behavior in persons aware and unaware they are infected with HIV in the United States: implications for HIV prevention programs.

Abstract: The objectives were to compare the prevalence of high-risk sexual behaviors in HIV+ persons aware of their serostatus with that in HIV+ persons unaware of their status in the United States and to discuss implications for HIV prevention programs. A meta-analysis was conducted on 11 independent findings. Six findings compared HIV+ aware persons with independent groups of HIV+ unaware persons (between-group comparisons) and 5 findings compared seroconverting individuals before and after being notified of their HIV+ status (within-subject comparisons). Outcomes were self-reported unprotected anal or vaginal intercourse (UAV) during specified recall periods. The analysis integrating all 11 findings indicated that the prevalence of UAV with any partner was an average of 53% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 45%–60%) lower in HIV+ persons aware of their status relative to HIV+ persons unaware of their status. There was a 68% reduction (95% CI: 59%–76%) after adjusting the data of the primary studies to focus on UAV with partners who were not already HIV+. The reductions were larger in between-group comparisons than in within-subject comparisons. Findings for men and women were highly similar. The prevalence of high-risk sexual behavior is reduced substantially after people become aware they are HIV+. Increased emphasis on HIV testing and counseling is needed to reduce exposure to HIV from persons unaware they are infected. Ongoing prevention services are needed for persons who know they are HIV+ and continue to engage in high-risk behavior. (authors)

Combination antiretroviral strategies for the treatment of pregnant HIV-1-infected women and prevention of perinatal HIV-1 transmission.

Abstract: Context The Women and Infants Transmission Study is a prospective natural history study that has been enrolling HIV-1-infected pregnant women and their infants since 1989. Objective To evaluate the impact of different antiretroviral regimens on perinatal HIV-1 transmission at the population level. Design Prospective cohort study. Plasma HIV-1 RNA levels were serially measured in 1542 HIV-1-infected women with singleton live births between January 1990 and June 2000. Main outcome measure HIV-1 status of the infant. Results HIV-1 transmission was 20.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.1%-23.9%) for 396 women who not receiving prenatal antiretroviral therapy; 10.4% (95% CI, 8.2%-12.6%) for 710 receiving zidovudine monotherapy; 3.8% (95% CI, 1.1%-6.5%) for 186 receiving dual antiretroviral therapy with no or one highly active drug (Multi-ART); and 1.2% (95% CI, 0-2.5%) for 250 receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Transmission also varied by maternal delivery HIV RNA level: 1.0% for 30,000 copies/mL (p =.0001 for trend). The odds of transmission increased 2.4-fold (95% CI, 1.7-3.5) for every log10 increase in delivery viral load. In multivariate analyses adjusting for maternal viral load, duration of therapy, and other factors, the odds ratio for transmission for women receiving Multi-ART and HAART compared with those receiving ZDV monotherapy was 0.30 (95% CI, 0.09-1.02) and 0.27 (95% CI, 0.08-0.94), respectively. Conclusion Levels of HIV-1 RNA at delivery and prenatal antiretroviral therapy were independently associated with transmission. The protective effect of therapy increased with the complexity and duration of the regimen. HAART was associated with the lowest rates of transmission.

Depression and HIV/AIDS treatment nonadherence: A review and meta-analysis

Abstract: We meta-analyzed the relationship between depression and HIV medication nonadherence to calculate the overall effect size and examine potential moderators. Overall, across 95 independent samples, depression was significantly (P < 0.0001) associated with nonadherence (r = 0.19; 95% confidence interval = 0.14 to 0.25). Studies evaluating medication adherence via interview found significantly larger effects than those using self-administered questionnaires. Studies measuring adherence along a continuum found significantly stronger effects than studies comparing dichotomies. Effect size was not significantly related to other aspects of adherence or depression measurement, assessment interval (ie, cross-sectional vs. longitudinal), sex, IV drug use, sexual orientation, or study location. The relationship between depression and HIV treatment nonadherence is consistent across samples and over time, is not limited to those with clinical depression, and is not inflated by self-report bias. Our results suggest that interventions aimed at reducing depressive symptom severity, even at subclinical levels, should be a behavioral research priority.

In vitro and in vivo: the story of nonoxynol 9.

Abstract: There is an urgent need to expand the range of interventions to prevent HIV transmission and acquisition, especially those that can be controlled by women. Microbicides, defined as antimicrobial products that can be applied topically for the prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, may offer one of the most promising preventive interventions, because they could be inexpensive, readily available, and widely acceptable. The first microbial product to be clinically evaluated contained Nonoxynol-9 (nonylpenoxypolyethoxyethanol [N-9]), a nonionic surfactant, as the active agent. This article presents a review of the in vitro, ex vivo, and animal model data on the safety of N-9 and a critical analysis of their predictive power based on the results of multiple safety and efficacy trials.