Showing papers in "Journal of Applied Physiology in 1957"
TL;DR: An equation, i/Dm + i/θVc = i/L, has been derived which relates the measured pulmonary diffusing capacity (Dl), the true diffusingcapacity of the pulmonary membrane (Dm), the rate of uptake of CO...
Abstract: An equation, i/Dm + i/θVc = i/Dl, has been derived which relates the measured pulmonary diffusing capacity (Dl), the true diffusing capacity of the pulmonary membrane (Dm), the rate of uptake of CO...
970 citations
TL;DR: A basic formulation of methods of obtaining oxygen consumption data from measurements of oxygen partial pressure in open and closed-circuit systems is made.
Abstract: A basic formulation of methods of obtaining oxygen consumption data from measurements of oxygen partial pressure in open and closed-circuit systems is made. For open-circuit systems used in the ste...
564 citations
TL;DR: The maximal oxygen intake (Max Vo2) was determined in 46 healthy male students and 13 soldiers along with the weight of body fat as estimated by immersion densitometry and in 41 the active tissue and soldiers.
Abstract: The maximal oxygen intake (Max Vo2) was determined in 46 healthy male students and 13 soldiers along with the weight of body fat as estimated by immersion densitometry. In 41 the active tissue and ...
251 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that much of the lungs' hysteresis observed in vivo during slow deep volume cycles is related to surface phenomena.
Abstract: During slow deep breathing the lungs of human subjects and experimental animals showed a degree of volume-pressure hysteresis which could not be accounted for on the basis of ordinary pulmonary flo...
240 citations
TL;DR: The fraction of alveoli without blood flow equals the fraction: alveolar dead space, which is believed to be an index of the uniformity of blood flow distribution to the lung.
Abstract: Alveolar dead space is believed to be an index of the uniformity of blood flow distribution to the lung. Roughly, the fraction of alveoli without blood flow equals the fraction: alveolar dead space...
238 citations
TL;DR: An instrument is described which applies principles of electrical gating to the problem of particle counting by means of an instrument which flows through an electrically conducting medium.
Abstract: An instrument is described which applies principles of electrical gating to the problem of particle counting. Cells are suspended in an electrically conducting medium which flows through a small ap...
186 citations
TL;DR: A series of 10 patients was studied for a 5-week period to note the effect of glucagon on food intake and body weight.
Abstract: A series of 10 patients was studied for a 5-week period to note the effect of glucagon on food intake and body weight. The first week was spent in learning their food preferences and judging the us...
162 citations
TL;DR: Hemoglobin oxygen affinity and arterial phs of long term residents at high altitude were found to be within the normal sea-level ranges and hyperventilation was greater in the newcomers than in the longterm residents atHigh altitude.
Abstract: Respiration, arterial acid-base equilibrium and blood hemoglobin dissociation curves were studied in subjects residing continuously for many years (long-term residents) at 3990 and 4515 meters abov...
161 citations
TL;DR: The effects of 6-week programs of isotonic and isometric exercises were observed in 49 male subjects and the 24 subjects who performed isotonic exercises showed greater gains in strength and hypertrop...
Abstract: The effects of 6-week programs of isotonic and isometric exercises were observed in 49 male subjects. The 24 subjects who performed isotonic exercises showed greater gains in strength and hypertrop...
159 citations
TL;DR: A simple gradient calorimeter was developed for measurements of nonevaporative heat loss of the head, and used on three subjects, with heads unprotected but the body adequately clothed, at temperate temperatures.
Abstract: A simple gradient calorimeter was developed for measurements of nonevaporative heat loss of the head, and used on three subjects, with heads unprotected but the body adequately clothed, at temperat...
133 citations
TL;DR: The involuntary motor activity of the human esophagus in response to distention has been studied and a general purposeful pattern of motility is consistently induced by distention.
Abstract: The involuntary motor activity of the human esophagus in response to distention has been studied. A general purposeful pattern of motility is consistently induced by distention. The pharyngo-esopha...
TL;DR: Using tritium water as a tracer in man, water absorption through the gastrointestinal tract began in 2-9 minutes and was complete in 40-45 minutes as mentioned in this paper, and the volume of water transferred from the intestin...
Abstract: Using tritium water as a tracer in man, water absorption through the gastrointestinal tract began in 2–9 minutes and was complete in 40–45 minutes. The volume of water transferred from the intestin...
TL;DR: In the sloth, a few other terrestrial mammals and several aquatic mammals, the limbs and tail are provided with arteriovenous bundles (retes) where 20–40, or sometimes several hundred, small arteri...
Abstract: In the sloth, a few other terrestrial mammals and several aquatic mammals, the limbs and tail are provided with arteriovenous bundles (retes) where 20–40, or sometimes several hundred, small arteri...
TL;DR: The oxygen consumption of the respiratory muscles can be estimated by increasing the ventilation with added dead space and by measuring oxygen consumption and ventilation utilizing a closed circuit.
Abstract: The oxygen consumption of the respiratory muscles can be estimated by increasing the ventilation with added dead space and by measuring oxygen consumption and ventilation utilizing a closed circuit...
TL;DR: Quantitative relationships between numbers of active sweat glands and electrical skin resistance (ESR) were examined and the relationships were found to be positive.
Abstract: Quantitative relationships between numbers of active sweat glands and electrical skin resistance (ESR) were examined. Numbers of active glands were recorded at suitable intervals by use of the Nets...
TL;DR: The apparent pulmonary diffusing capacity for CO (Dl) has been measured at alveolar O2 tensions from 40 to more than 600 mm Hg.
Abstract: The apparent pulmonary diffusing capacity for CO (Dl) has been measured at alveolar O2 tensions from 40 to more than 600 mm Hg. Two methods were used: a) in six healthy subjects a steady state meth...
TL;DR: The pulmonary dead space was measured in a normal subject by the single breath method of Fowler, making use of continuous simultaneous recordings of expired volume and CO2 concentration.
Abstract: The pulmonary dead space was measured in a normal subject by the single breath method of Fowler, making use of continuous simultaneous recordings of expired volume and CO2 concentration. Experiment...
TL;DR: Using a method previously described by the author, the total activity of labeled carbon dioxide in the blood entering and leaving the brain was determined following a single injection of C14-labele...
Abstract: Using a method previously described by the author, the total activity of labeled carbon dioxide in the blood entering and leaving the brain was determined following a single injection of C14-labele...
TL;DR: Levels of resistance used have only a slight respiratory effect when subjects are at rest but bring about dramatic changes in alveolar gas composition when ventilatory demands are increased by moderate exercise.
Abstract: Experiments were made on 11 human subjects to determine the effects of four levels of air flow resistance when added independently or simultaneously to inspiration and expiration. Resistance ranged...
TL;DR: The rate at which CO replaces O2 in combination with human hemoglobin in solution and in red cell suspensions at 37°C was determined in vitro on the blood of six normal subjects at O2 tensions from...
Abstract: The rate at which CO replaces O2 in combination with human hemoglobin in solution and in red cell suspensions at 37°C was determined in vitro on the blood of six normal subjects at O2 tensions from...
TL;DR: The average ultimate tensile strength, loaded in the direction of the long axis, of the compact bone of 15 specimens taken from the parietal bone of adult human embalmed cadavers was 10,230 lb/in.
Abstract: The average ultimate tensile strength, loaded in the direction of the long axis, of the compact bone of 15 specimens taken from the parietal bone of adult human embalmed cadavers was 10,230 lb/in.2...
TL;DR: The results indicate that the metabolic response of white rats to cold exposure occurs within 3 minutes of the beginning of exposure and that I reach a maximum metabolic rate at temperatures at which II can still show an increase on further lowering of the environmental temperature.
Abstract: The heat production (indirect) of 30°C acclimated ( I ) and 6°C acclimated ( II ) Sprague-Dawley adult male rats was determined with an open-circuit metabolism apparatus and with a low-lag, closed-circuit apparatus over the temperature range −36° to 30°C. Heat production of II was linearly related to temperature between −36° and 20°C and was always higher than that of I . At the lower temperatures heat production of I fell rapidly with time of exposure to the test temperature, and showed a maximal initial value (obtained between the 3rd and 20th minute of exposure) which was independent of temperature between −35° and −25°C and fully elicited at the start of the measurements. Heat balance of I and II measured at −15°C indicated that body cooling in I was a resultant of the failure to produce enough heat to balance the heat loss. These results indicate that the metabolic response of white rats to cold exposure occurs within 3 minutes of the beginning of exposure and that I reach a maximum metabolic rate at temperatures at which II can still show an increase on further lowering of the environmental temperature.
Submitted on September 14, 1956
TL;DR: It has been shown that when young men work at a rate of 1250 kg-m for 1 minute on a bicycle ergometer, a sharp significant rise in systolic arterial pressure occurs, accompanied either by no change...
Abstract: It has been shown that when young men work at a rate of 1250 kg-m for 1 minute on a bicycle ergometer, a sharp significant rise in systolic arterial pressure occurs, accompanied either by no change...
TL;DR: The dynamic response of the systems studied improved when the rate of blood flow through the system was increased and when the internal diameter of the tubing leading to the detecting element of the cuvette was decreased, while increasing the length of connecting tubing decreased this response.
Abstract: A technique for determining the dynamic response characteristics of cuvette oximeters, densitometers or other devices for recording concentration changes in a flowing liquid, such as indicator-dilu...
TL;DR: It is suggested that pulmonary carbon dioxide elimination may be hindered in dogs during hypothermia because it seems to protect dogs from ventricular fibrillation.
Abstract: Hyperventilation is widely used during hypothermia because it seems to protect dogs from ventricular fibrillation. Some workers have suggested that pulmonary carbon dioxide elimination may be hinde...
TL;DR: The production of coronary shock after bilateral cervical vagotomy indicates that this proposed reflex is not that described by Jarisch and Bezold and is conjectured that a reflex arises in the injured area which in some manner interferes with normal homeostasis.
Abstract: Hemodynamic measurements were made in dogs following coronary artery embolization with plastic microspheres. The data obtained in nine dogs which remained normotensive were compared with those obta...
TL;DR: Casts of the bronchial tree of dogs' lungs have been made with virtually nonshrinking plastic and it is concluded that nonexponential curves require a type of unequal ventilation characterized by variations in the total ventilation of alveoli.
Abstract: Casts of the bronchial tree of dogs' lungs have been made with virtually nonshrinking plastic. One of these casts has been completely measured. From the measurements, an empirical equation was deri...
TL;DR: The correlation of blood lactate production in man with respiratory and circulatory adaptations resulting from physical exercise during an established work capacity test was studied and a general classification of work intensity was prepared.
Abstract: The correlation of blood lactate production in man with respiratory and circulatory adaptations resulting from physical exercise during an established work capacity test was studied. From physiolog...
TL;DR: Evidence is presented showing that CO is slowly oxidized by intracellular hemoglobin at a rate varying directly with the percentage of COHb.
Abstract: The competition between CO and O2 for intracellular hemoglobin of rat, dog and human blood at 37°C is influenced by the CO2 tension in aerotonometers. The peak M values occur at the normal range in...
TL;DR: The hemodynamic response to exercise in the supine position was investigated by cardiac catheterization in 12 healthy subjects, breathing 95% O2 or air, and a relationship was found to exist, which was different at rest and during exercise, between degree of oxygen saturation of the mixed venous blood and level of the cardiac output.
Abstract: The hemodynamic response to exercise in the supine position was investigated by cardiac catheterization in 12 healthy subjects, breathing 95% O2 or air. O2 consumption during exercise ranged from 3...