Showing papers in "Journal of Documentation in 2006"
TL;DR: Only for you today!
Abstract: Only for you today! Discover your favourite technology and social inclusion rethinking the digital divide book right here by downloading and getting the soft file of the book. This is not your time to traditionally go to the book stores to buy a book. Here, varieties of book collections are available to download. One of them is this technology and social inclusion rethinking the digital divide as your preferred book. Getting this book b on-line in this site can be realized now by visiting the link page to download. It will be easy. Why should be here?
1,100 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that, while SMEs, including knowledge intensive ones, acknowledge that adequately capturing, storing, sharing and disseminating knowledge can lead to greater innovation and productivity, their managers are not prepared to invest the relatively high effort on long term knowledge management goals.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a study of knowledge management understanding and usage in small and medium knowledge‐intensive enterprises.Design/methodology/approach – The study has taken an interpretitivist approach, using two knowledge‐intensive South Yorkshire (England) companies as case studies, both of which are characterised by the need to process and use knowledge on a daily basis in order to remain competitive. The case studies were analysed using qualitative research methodology, composed of interviews and concept mapping, thus deriving a characterisation of understandings, perceptions and requirements of SMEs in relation to knowledge management.Findings – The study provides evidence that, while SMEs, including knowledge intensive ones, acknowledge that adequately capturing, storing, sharing and disseminating knowledge can lead to greater innovation and productivity, their managers are not prepared to invest the relatively high effort on long term knowledge management goals fo...
337 citations
TL;DR: "Mr Swivett, approaching a facial lividity that would alarm a Physician, were one present, now proclaims, 'Not only did they insult the God-given structure of the Year, they also put us on Catholic Time.'"
Abstract: \"Mr Swivett, approaching a facial lividity that would alarm a Physician, were one present, now proclaims, 'Not only did they insult the God-given structure of the Year, they also put us on Catholic Time. French Time. We've been fighting France all our Lives, all our Fathers' Lives, France is the Enemy eternal, why be rul'd by their Calendar?\" \"Because their Philosophers and ours,\" explains Mr. Hailstone, \"are all in League, with those in other States of Europe, and the Jesuits too, among them possessing Machines, Powders, Rays, Elixirs and such, none less than remarkable, -one, now and then, so daunting that even the Agents of Kings must stay their Hands.\" \"Time, ye see,\" says the Landlord, \"is the money of Science, isn't it. The Philosophers need a Time, common to all, as Traders do a common Coinage.\" \"Suggesting as well an Interest, in those Events which would occur in several Parts of the Globe at the same Instant.\" (Pynchon 1997: 192)
285 citations
TL;DR: This paper will concern you to try reading annual review of information science and technology as one of the reading material to finish quickly.
Abstract: Feel lonely? What about reading books? Book is one of the greatest friends to accompany while in your lonely time. When you have no friends and activities somewhere and sometimes, reading book can be a great choice. This is not only for spending the time, it will increase the knowledge. Of course the b=benefits to take will relate to what kind of book that you are reading. And now, we will concern you to try reading annual review of information science and technology as one of the reading material to finish quickly.
271 citations
TL;DR: The revised and extended definition of the information literacy is a more appropriate one to underpin an emerging ontological perspective on information literacy and to foster an understanding of information literacy as a meta‐competency.
Abstract: Purpose – To describe the various landscapes in which information literacy has been explored and to propose new ways of thinking about information literacy.Design/methodology/approach – Draws on constructivist‐influenced grounded theory method employed during doctoral research into information literacy practices of firefighters.Findings – Information‐literate people are more usefully described as being engaged, enabled, enriched and embodied. Information literacy is conceptualized through this research as a way of knowing. The revised and extended definition is a more appropriate one to underpin an emerging ontological perspective on information literacy and to foster an understanding of information literacy as a meta‐competency.Research limitations/implications – The research was limited to an in‐depth exploration of one professional group in one geographic location over 18 months.Practical implications – The provision of a broader definition of the information literacy and the illustration of how inform...
260 citations
TL;DR: A scale designed to measure self‐efficacy for information literacy and refined based on principal component analysis indicated three major components, which allow approaching information literacy skills regarding to their complexity levels.
Abstract: Purpose – The main aim of this paper is to describe the development of a scale designed to measure self‐efficacy for information literacy.Design/methodology/approach – Cronbach's alpha, item analysis and item discrimination indices, principal component analysis, varimax rotation, and discriminant validity were used to measure reliability and validity of the scale. A 28‐item refined version of the scale was found highly reliable and of reasonable length.Findings – Further refinement based on principal component analysis indicated three major components, which allow approaching information literacy skills regarding to their complexity levels.Originality/value – The information literacy self‐efficacy scale is recommended to identify individuals with low self‐efficacy beliefs, which may be a significantly limiting factor for them to explore their information literacy skills.
249 citations
TL;DR: KM is simply a way of working, which recognises the importance of using existing and current knowledge, and once adopted should gradually become invisibly embedded into a company’s strategy and culture.
Abstract: Knowledge management encompasses all aspects of managing a company’s intellectual capital, from filing, to intranets, to team briefings. It “promotes a collaborative and integrative approach to the creation, capture, organisation, access and use of information assets” (European Centre for Customer Strategies). In the past firms have approached KM as a well-defined function, or task to be completed. In fact it is simply a way of working, which recognises the importance of using existing and current knowledge. Once adopted, this method of operating should gradually become invisibly embedded into a company’s strategy and culture.
154 citations
137 citations
TL;DR: The paper comments on a variety of issues relating to information science as a discipline, and its research programme and methods, with specific emphasis on the understanding of human information behaviour.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to respond to Bawden's review of Wilson's 1981 paper, “On user studies and information needs”.Design/methodology/approach – The paper reflects on the context of the original paper, and on subsequent developments.Findings – The paper comments on a variety of issues relating to information science as a discipline, and its research programme and methods, with specific emphasis on the understanding of human information behaviour.Originality/value – The paper provides a unique perspective on the development of this aspect of the discipline.
107 citations
TL;DR: The nature of wisdom, managerial wisdom, organisational wisdom and wisdom management is defined and the relevance of wisdom in the context of knowledge management is explored.
Abstract: Purpose – This article aims to define and explore the nature of wisdom, managerial wisdom, organisational wisdom and wisdom management.Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on some of the diverse writings on wisdom, and explores the relevance of wisdom in the context of knowledge management.Findings – Wisdom has received little attention in the information management and systems, knowledge management and management literature. This is surprising since in this knowledge‐based economy the link between data, information and knowledge is seen as pivotal by practitioners, consultants and academics.Originality/value – The article explores the nature of organisational wisdom and identifies a number of areas for further theory‐making and empirical investigation.
101 citations
TL;DR: A positive correlation between the lifetime citations of a university's president and the position of that university in the global ranking is documents and shows that better universities are run by better researchers.
Abstract: Purpose – This paper seeks to address the question: should the world's top universities be led by top researchers, and are they?Design/methodology/approach – The lifetime citations are counted by hand of the leaders of the world's top 100 universities identified in a global university ranking. These numbers are then normalised by adjusting for the different citation conventions across academic disciplines. Two statistical measures are used – Pearson's correlation coefficient and Spearman's ρ.Findings – This study documents a positive correlation between the lifetime citations of a university's president and the position of that university in the global ranking. Better universities are run by better researchers. The results are not driven by outliers. That the top universities in the world – who have the widest choice of candidates – systematically appoint top researchers as their vice chancellors and presidents seems important to understand. This paper also shows that the pattern of presidents' life‐time ...
TL;DR: To demonstrate how information‐literacy is to have knowledge about information sources and that searching and using them is determined by an insight into how knowledge is socially organized in society, the paper takes a point of departure in Habermas' theory of the public sphere.
Abstract: Purpose – To provide some theoretical considerations concerning information literacy so as to contribute to a theoretically informed point of departure for understanding information literacy and to argue that to be an information literate person is to have knowledge about information sources and that searching and using them is determined by an insight into how knowledge is socially organized in society.Design/methodology/approach – Using concepts from composition studies that deal with the question of what a writer needs to know in order to produce a text, the paper outlines some ideas and key concepts in order to show how these ideas and concepts are useful to our understanding of information literacy. To demonstrate how information‐literacy is to have knowledge about information sources and that searching and using them is determined by an insight into how knowledge is socially organized in society, the paper takes a point of departure in Habermas' theory of the public sphere.Findings – Concludes that ...
TL;DR: This paper adopts a literature‐based conceptual analysis, taking Wilson's (1981) seminal article, "On user studies and information needs" as the starting point, and evaluating the significance of, and later developments in, the issues dealt with in that article.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review Wilson's (1981) seminal article, “On user studies and information needs” (Journal of Documentation, 1981, Vol. 37 No. 1, pp. 3‐15) as part of a series celebrating the Journal's 60th anniversary.Design/methodology/approach – This paper adopts a literature‐based conceptual analysis, taking Wilson's paper as the starting point, and evaluating the significance of, and later developments in, the issues dealt with in that article.Findings – Wilson's article has had a significant effect on the development of information science. It dealt with several fundamental issues, including the nature of information itself and of information need, models of information seeking and information behaviour, particularly those based on phenomenological or “whole life” concepts, appropriate research methods for these areas, and the nature of information science as an academic discipline.Originality/value – The paper provides a perspective on the development of information science ...
TL;DR: A study of the semantic organisation and thematic structure of 12 abstracts from the field of protozoology in an effort to discover whether these abstracts followed generally agreed abstracting guidelines.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to analyse the structure of a small number of abstracts that have appeared in the CABI database over a number of years, during which time the authorship of the abstracts changed from CABI editorial staff to journal article authors themselves. This paper reports a study of the semantic organisation and thematic structure of 12 abstracts from the field of protozoology in an effort to discover whether these abstracts followed generally agreed abstracting guidelines.Design/methodology/approach – The method adopted was a move analysis of the text of the abstracts. This move analysis revealed a five‐move pattern: move 1 situates the research within the scientific community; move 2 introduces the research by either describing the main features of the research or presenting its purpose; move 3 describes the methodology; move 4 states the results; and move 5 draws conclusions or suggests practical applications.Findings – Thematic analysis shows that scientific abstract authors...
TL;DR: The study suggests that the name of the field “information science” should be changed to “knowledge science" and reflections on the explored phenomena of information science are offered.
Abstract: Purpose – This philosophical essay aims to explore the concept of information science.Design/methodology/approach – The philosophical argumentation is composed of five phases. It is based on clarifying the meanings of its basic concept “data”, “information” and “knowledge”.Findings – The study suggests that the name of the field “information science” should be changed to “knowledge science”.Originality/value – The paper offers reflections on the explored phenomena of information science.
TL;DR: The study shows that despite the high number of individual criteria used in the judgments, a few criteria such as specificity and topicality tend to dominate.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to specify user‐defined relevance criteria by which people select hyperlinks and pages in web searching.Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative and qualitative analysis was undertaken of talking aloud data from nine web searches conducted about self‐generated topics.Findings – Altogether 18 different criteria for selecting hyperlinks and web pages were found. The selection is constituted, by two, intertwined processes: the relevance judgment of hyperlinks, and web pages by user‐defined criteria, and decision‐making concerning the acceptance or rejection of hyperlinks and web pages. The study focuses on the former process. Of the individual criteria, specificity, topicality, familiarity, and variety were used most frequently in relevance judgments. The study shows that despite the high number of individual criteria used in the judgments, a few criteria such as specificity and topicality tend to dominate. Searchers were less critical in the judgment of hyperlinks ...
TL;DR: The research reported here attempts to address concerns that the search topics, are often imposed by the researcher, and; particularly when working with children, domain knowledge could be as important as information‐seeking skills.
Abstract: Purpose – A common criticism of research into information seeking on the internet is that information seekers are restricted by the demands of the researcher. Another criticism is that the search topics, are often imposed by the researcher, and; particularly when working with children, domain knowledge could be as important as information‐seeking skills. The research reported here attempts to address both these problems.Design/methodology/approach – A total of 15 children, aged 11 to 16, were each set three “think aloud” internet searches. In the first, they were asked to recall the last time they had sought information on the internet, and to repeat the search. For the second, they were given a word, asked to interpret it, then asked to search for their interpretation. For the third, they were asked to recall the last time they had been unsuccessful in a search, and to repeat the search. While performing each task, the children were encouraged to explain their actions.Findings – The paper finds that the ...
TL;DR: An integrated perspective to similarities and differences between approaches to automated classification in different research communities (machine learning, information retrieval and library science), and point to problems with the approaches and automated classification as such is provided.
Abstract: Purpose - To provide an integrated perspective to similarities and differences between approaches to automated classification in different research communities (machine learning, information retrieval and library science), and point to problems with the approaches and automated classification as such. Design/methodology/approach - A range of works dealing with automated classification of full-text web documents are discussed. Explorations of individual approaches are given in the following sections: special features (description, differences, evaluation), application and characteristics of web pages. Findings - Provides major similarities and differences between the three approaches: document pre-processing and utilization of web-specific document characteristics is common to all the approaches; major differences are in applied algorithms, employment or not of the vector space model and of controlled vocabularies. Problems of automated classification are recognized. Research limitations/implications - The paper does not attempt to provide an exhaustive bibliography of related resources. Practical implications - As an integrated overview of approaches from different research communities with application examples, it is very useful for students in library and information science and computer science, as well as for practitioners. Researchers from one community have the information on how similar tasks are conducted in different communities. Originality/value - To the author's knowledge, no review paper on automated text classification attempted to discuss more than one community's approach from an integrated perspective.
TL;DR: The research findings help libraries evaluate the efficiency of big deal and one‐stop shopping for scholarly journals and also investigate their users' information seeking behaviours.
Abstract: – This article presents the early findings of an exploratory deep log analysis of journal usage on OhioLINK, conducted as part of the MaxData project funded by the US Institute of Museum and Library Services. OhioLINK, the original “big deal”, provides a single digital platform of nearly 6,000 full‐text journal for more than 600,000 people in the state of Ohio. The purpose of the paper is not only to present findings from the deep log analysis of journal usage on OhioLINK, but, arguably more importantly, to try test a new method of analysing online information user behaviour – deep log analysis., – The raw server logs were obtained for the period June 2004 to December 2004. For this exploratory study one month (October) of the on‐campus usage logs and seven months of the off‐campus transaction logs were analysed., – During this period approximately 1,215,000 items were viewed on campus in October 2004 and 1,894,000 items viewed off campus between June and December 2004. The paper presents a number of usage analyses including: number of journals used, titles of journals used, use over time, a returnee analysis and a special analysis of subject, date and method of access., – The research findings help libraries evaluate the efficiency of big deal and one‐stop shopping for scholarly journals and also investigate their users' information seeking behaviours., – The research is a part of efforts to test the applications of a new methodology, deep log analysis, for use and user studies. It also represents the most substantial independent analysis of, possibly, the most important and significant of the journal big deals ever conducted.
TL;DR: The potential of query expansion techniques using the semantic relationships in a faceted thesaurus, permitting very precise queries and indexing, is discussed.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore query expansion via conceptual distance in thesaurus indexed collectionsDesign/methodology/approach – An extract of the National Museum of Science and Industry's collections database, indexed with the Getty Art and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT), was the dataset for the research. The system architecture and algorithms for semantic closeness and the matching function are outlined. Standalone and web interfaces are described and formative qualitative user studies are discussed. One user session is discussed in detail, together with a scenario based on a related public inquiry. Findings are set in context of the literature on thesaurus‐based query expansion. This paper discusses the potential of query expansion techniques using the semantic relationships in a faceted thesaurus.Findings – Thesaurus‐assisted retrieval systems have potential for multi‐concept descriptors, permitting very precise queries and indexing. However, indexer and searcher may differ in ter...
TL;DR: A multiple set of journal evaluation indicators using methods and theories from author analysis are proposed, among those are the journal citation identity and the journal Citation image, which are characterized by high impact and high visibility.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a multiple set of journal evaluation indicators using methods and theories from author analysis. Among those are the journal citation identity and the journal citation image.Design/methodology/approach – The Journal of Documentation is celebrating its 60th anniversary, and for that reason it is portrayed in a bibliometric study using the two indicators, based, e.g. on analyses of references in journal articles and journal co‐citation analyses.Findings – The Journal of Documentation, which is portrayed in this study is characterized by high impact and high visibility. It publishes a relatively low number of documents with scientific content compared to other journals in the same field. It reaches far into the scientific community and belongs to a field that is more and more visible. The journal is relatively closely bounded to Western Europe, which is an increasing tendency.Research limitations/implications – The research is based on analyses of just three ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present findings from a qualitative analysis of the autobiographies and personal writings of several historical figures, including Napoleon Bonaparte, Charles Darwin, Giacomo Casanova and others.
Abstract: – Since the beginning of human existence, humankind has sought, organized and used information as it evolved patterns and practices of human information behaviors. However, the field of human information behavior (HIB) has not heretofore pursued an evolutionary understanding of information behavior. The goal of this exploratory study is to provide insight about the information behavior of various individuals from the past to begin the development of an evolutionary perspective for our understanding of HIB., – This paper presents findings from a qualitative analysis of the autobiographies and personal writings of several historical figures, including Napoleon Bonaparte, Charles Darwin, Giacomo Casanova and others., – Analysis of their writings shows that these persons of the past articulated aspects of their HIB's, including information seeking, information organization and information use, providing tangible insights into their information‐related thoughts and actions., – This paper has implications for expanding the nature of our evolutionary understanding of information behavior and provides a broader context for the HIB research field., – This the first paper in the information science field of HIB to study the information behavior of historical figures and begin to develop an evolutionary framework for HIB research.
TL;DR: The core question investigated in this article is whether libraries as social and cultural institutions have a role to play in enabling individuals to acquire the types of skills and competencies that extend far beyond the realm of the library walls to encompass practices that translate into various spheres of individuals' lives, including their participation in political, economic and civic life.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this article is to examine the changing role and image of libraries and librarians, along with the overall information culture prevalent in four Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries that were undergoing socio‐political changes. The core question investigated in this article is whether libraries as social and cultural institutions have a role to play in enabling individuals to acquire the types of skills and competencies that extend far beyond the realm of the library walls to encompass practices that translate into various spheres of individuals' lives, including their participation in political, economic and civic life.Design/methodology/approach – Interviews were conducted in 1999 with 49 library policymakers in Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic (and selected follow‐up interviews were conducted in 2002), to shed light on the role of libraries in social and political reconfigurations of their nations.Findings – The library is a ubiquitous compone...
TL;DR: It is shown how information in digital collections that have been catalogued using high‐quality metadata can be retrieved more easily by users of search engines such as Google.
Abstract: Purpose – This paper aims to show how information in digital collections that have been catalogued using high‐quality metadata can be retrieved more easily by users of search engines such as Google.Design/methodology/approach – The research and proposals described arose from an investigation into the observed phenomenon that pages from the Glasgow Digital Library (gdl.cdlr.strath.ac.uk) were regularly appearing near the top of Google search results shortly after publication, without any deliberate effort to achieve this. The reasons for this phenomenon are now well understood and are described in the second part of the paper. The first part provides context with a review of the impact of Google and a summary of recent initiatives by commercial publishers to make their content more visible to search engines.Findings – The literature research provides firm evidence of a trend amongst publishers to ensure that their online content is indexed by Google, in recognition of its popularity with internet users. Th...
TL;DR: An experimental qualitative study based on in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with 15 members of academic staff from three biology‐related departments at the University of Sheffield offers an alternative cognitive subjective view of “web invisibility” to that more commonly presented in the literature.
Abstract: – The purpose of this paper is to report an empirical investigation into conceptions of the “invisible web”., – This was an exploratory qualitative study based on in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with 15 members of academic staff from three biology‐related departments at the University of Sheffield. Concepts emerged from an inductive analysis of the interview data to form a tentative model., – A distinction is drawn between technical objective conceptions of the “invisible web” that commonly appear in the literature, and a cognitive subjective conception based on searchers' perceptions of search failure, and a tentative model of “cognitive invisibility” is presented. The relationship between objective and subjective conceptions, and implications for training, are discussed., – The research was qualitative and exploratory, designed to elicit sensitising concepts and to “map the territory”. It thus aims to provide a tentative model that could form the basis for more systematic study. Such research could investigate the validity of the categories in different and/or larger samples, seek further to illuminate, challenge, extend or refute the model, and address issues of generalisability., – The paper presents a conceptual model that is intended to be a useful reference point for researchers wishing to investigate user‐based aspects of search failure and the invisible web. It may also be useful to trainers and those interested in developing information literacy, in that it differentiates technical objective and cognitive subjective conceptions of “invisibility, and discusses the implications for helping searchers develop more effective searching capabilities., – The paper offers an alternative cognitive subjective view of “web invisibility” to that more commonly presented in the literature. It contributes to a still small body of empirical research into user‐based aspects of the invisible web.
TL;DR: The findings in this paper show that the rankings of AlltheWeb were highly stable over each period, while the Rankings of Google underwent constant yet minor changes, with occasional major changes.
Abstract: Purpose – The objective of this paper is to characterize the changes in the rankings of the top ten results of major search engines over time and to compare the rankings between these engines.Design/methodology/approach – The papers compare rankings of the top‐ten results of the search engines Google and AlltheWeb on ten identical queries over a period of three weeks. Only the top‐ten results were considered, since users do not normally inspect more than the first results page returned by a search engine. The experiment was repeated twice, in October 2003 and in January 2004, in order to assess changes to the top‐ten results of some of the queries during the three months interval. In order to assess the changes in the rankings, three measures were computed for each data collection point and each search engine.Findings – The findings in this paper show that the rankings of AlltheWeb were highly stable over each period, while the rankings of Google underwent constant yet minor changes, with occasional major...
TL;DR: A unified research framework that synthesizes similarities between cognitive science and information studies, particularly language is proposed and explored as useful for future information study research.
Abstract: Purpose – To develop a unified research framework that synthesizes similarities between cognitive science and information studies, particularly language. This framework is proposed and explored as useful for future information study research.Design/methodology/approach – Analysis is conducted of two contemporary developments in the distinct disciplines of information studies and cognitive science. The theories of extended cognition and social constructionism are explored, focusing on the issue of context in each of the arguments. The complementarity argument is presented as the strongest argument for extended cognition, while Sanna Talja's work is offered as representative of social constructionism in information studies. The philosophical similarities between extended cognition and social constructionism are then integrated at points of similarity.Findings – Cognitive science and information studies have a number of unexpected similarities both in broad and specific terms. The opportunity to develop a sy...