Showing papers in "Journal of Fasa University of Medical Sciences in 2012"

Measuring Health Belief Model components in adopting preventive behaviors of cervical cancer

Abstract: Background & Objective: Cervical cancer is the second prevalent women cancer in the world. This cancer is found preventable because of having the prolong time before the appearance, its complications and the available proper screening program and possibility of the primary lesion treatment. Since the Health Belief Model is one of the applicable praxeology model in health education to prevent and control of diseases. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the Health Belief Model components in adopting preventive behaviors in cervical cancer in women. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 213 married 20-65 year-old women selected by a two-stage sampling method. The data was collected by a valid and reliable questionnaire and interview. This questionnaire based on health belief model correlation (components Perceived Susceptibility and Severity, Perceived Barriers and Benefits, Self-efficacy) with behavior survey. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and Mann-Whhitney test, Kruskal-wallis test, and Regression by SPSS software. Results: The mean age of the study group was 40.6 ± 12.1. The results show that 32.5 of them had at least one time examined for Pap smear test out of which only 7.9 of them had this test on a regular interval. Only 12 of them had an adequate knowledge about the cervical cancer and its preventive measure. 90 of them had inappropriate behavior. The average score of knowledge was 6.73± 2.97 which considered as moderate. Regression analysis showed the knowledge (P=0.009), job (P=0.005), perceived barriers (P<0.001) and perceived severity (P=0.036) determine as predictors in the final behavior. Conclusion: Perceived barriers and knowledge behind the strongest predictor of behavior. Educational programs are recommended based on the health belief model with emphasis on reducing barriers and increasing awareness to improve behavior.

Application of Theory of Planned Behavior in Predicting Factors of Substance Abuse in Adolescents

Abstract: Background & Objective: Adolescence is the most critical period of life as regards commencing drug abuse. The social cost and damage caused by drug abuse in adolescence are enormous, necessitating interventional programs to prevent this behavior. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) is perhaps the most influential theory for the prediction of social and health behaviors such as drug abuse. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive analytical study, samples were collected from male students in four high schools in different regions of Hamedan. The survey was carried out via random cluster sampling of 650 students. Data were collected using the standard self-report questionnaires and were analyzed using SPSS16, chi-squared test, correlation coefficient, and logistic regression analysis. Results: Among the adolescents participating in this study, 11.1% had the experience of cigarette smoking, 3.4% had the experience of drug abuse, and 12% had the experience of intention to abuse drugs. There was a significant relationship between drug abuse and the following variables: smoking experience (p value =0.001, OR=27.238); having drug user parents (p value =0.001, OR=8.630); having friends who had experienced drug abuse (p value =0.001, OR=11.060); having best friends who had experienced drug abuse (p value = 0.001, OR=11.931); family with drug abuse (p value = 0.001, OR=4.311); and having a sibling who abused drugs (p value=0.001, OR=15.815). According to the logistic regression analysis, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control were the most influential predictors of intention to abuse drugs. Conclusion: The use of TPB is beneficial in the predicting and planning for high-risk behaviors. TPB can be used for planning and implementing drug abuse prevention programs in adolescents.

Survey of Nurses' Viewpoints on Causes of Medicinal Errors and Barriers to Reporting in Pediatric Units in Hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences

Abstract: Background and Objective: Patient safety is the principal concern of current health care delivery systems, and several recent studies initiated by the Institute of Medicine have reported a high incidence of medicinal errors. Of the approximately 44000-98000 patient deaths reported each year because of medical errors, 7000 are attributed to medicinal errors. The purpose of this study was to determine nurses' perceptions of causes of medicinal errors and barriers to reporting them in the pediatric wards of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study recruited156 nurses working in general pediatric units via the convenience sample method. A questionnaire containing four sections was used: the first section on demographic information the second on the reasons for medicinal errors the third on the estimation of the percentage of medicinal errors occurring in the units and the final section on the reasons for failing to report the medicinal errors. Results: The most important medicinal errors from the nurses' viewpoint were failure to check medicinal orders (73.9) and errors in the medication administration (64). The nurses estimated that only 45 of all the medicinal errors were reported, and they cited a lack of knowledge about unit policies and routines (59.8) and negligence to report (59.8) as the most important reasons for the failure to report the errors. Conclusion: We need to improve the accuracy of medicinal error reporting by nurses and to provide a hospital environment conducive to preventing errors from occurring.

Assessing Quality Of Life and related factors in Bushehr,s elders – 1387-8

Abstract: Background & Objective: Added to the achievement of the 21st century, human life longevity has been increased. Elders should be supported. Aging may cause various problems such as decrease the abilities and high risk conditions. Age increase is not a disease; it is a normal change of life that affects everybody. In this study elderly needs were assessed and the physical, social and spiritual aspects of their life were evaluated to assess the quality of life )QOL( and related factors in elderly population in Bushehr. Materials & Methods: This descriptive– analytical study was carried out on 360 elders )male and female( in Bushehr. Method of sampling was cluster random sampling. Two questionnaires consist of demographic data and SF-36 questionnaire were used to assess QOL. Data were collected through client interview and analyzed by SPSS 13 software program. Results: Results showed that mean scores of physical and mental health aspects of Bushehr’s elderly people is less than 50. So, the physical and mental health aspects of quality of life related to economic status, employment, chronic illness, educational levels, insurance service, and owning the house of elderly population were significantly (P<0.001) correlated. However, there were no significant relation with sex, daily activity and life condition. Conclusion: We conclude that a suitable plan and program should be considered by the director & managers to improve the life quality of elderly people.

Related Factors to Choose Cesarean Rather than Normal Delivery among Shirazian Pregnant Women

Abstract: Background & objective: Although delivering with Cesarean method is preferred in limited cases which has dangerous effects on child or mother's health, rate of cesarean is increasing vastly nowadays. The main purpose of this study was to explore Social, Cultural and Demographic factors related to this phenomenon among pregnant women of Shiraz. Materials & Methods: In this study 600 pregnant women residing in Shiraz were selected using Lin cross size of sample (multistage sampling). Data were collected through the validated questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS software by multi-variables logistic regression and X2 techniques. Results: Research hypotheses about significant relation among these factors (age, age of marriage, education, spouse’s education, occupational status, place of birth, social class status, previous childbirth method, record of barrenness, place of previous childbirth, place of pregnant care, record of cesarean in family and attitude toward cesarean) with choice of cesarean have been approved. Research hypotheses about month of pregnancy, number of pregnancy and knowledge of delivery method and cesarean have been rejected. Conclusion: Due to significant positive attitude of women's towards the cesarean, rather than normal delivery, it is necessary to inform them about the advantages of normal delivery and health hazard which might cause by Cesarean to the mother and child. The change of women's attitude about cesarean is needed to avoid further complication.

The Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Prangos Ferulacea on Blood Factors of Kidney and Liver Functions in Diabetic Male Wistar Rats

Abstract: Background & Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease recognized by a reduction in insulin secretion due to the malfunction of β cells in the pancreas or an increase in the cell’s resistance to insulin. Prangos Ferulacea has been known as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory herb in the general population. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the hydroalcoholic extracts of Prangos Ferulacea on the blood factors of kidney and liver functions in diabetes induced by streptozotocin in Wistar rats. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, six groups of animals were selected. Three groups out of six were administered with intra peritoneal injection of streptozotocin to induce diabetes. Group I was fed a normal diet. Group II and III of the animals received 300 and 500 mg/kg/day Prangos Ferulacea extract. Group IV received distilled water )diabetic control(, and the animals of groups V and VI were treated with Prangos Ferulacea extract 300 and 500 mg/kg body weight, respectively, for three weeks. Blood glucose, ALT, AST, ALP, creatinine, albumin, urea and BUN were measured in all the animals. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software via the one-way ANOVA. Results: Treatment with the Prangos Ferulacea extract resulted in a significant decrease in blood glucose, ALT, AST and creatinine but no significant decrease in ALP, albumin, urea, and BUN levels. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that hydroalcoholic extracts of Prangos Ferulacea had antidiabetic effects and consequently might alleviate the liver and kidney damage caused by streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.

The Effectiveness of Education Based on BASNEF Model Program in Promotion of Preventive Behavior of Leishmaniasis among Health Workers and Families under Health Centers Coverage

Abstract: Background & Objective: Intervention of educational training in order to prevent the leishmaniasis in endemic areas seems necessary. This study was implemented with the aim of assessing the effectiveness of education based on BASNEF Model program in promotion of preventive behavior of leishmaniasis among Health workers and families under the coverage of Health centers. Materials & Methods: An intervention study was carried out in rural health centers during 2009.Questionnaires were completed by 20 health-workers of two rural health centers. Also 20 families under the coverage of this health centers were randomly selected to complete the questionnaire. Then four training sessions for health workers and 2 training sessions for the influential individuals were conducted to increase the enabling factors and solving their problems, weekly meetings was held with health workers representatives. After three months of health workers training the data were collected again and analyzed via ChiSquare, T Independent, T pair, Regression and MannWhitney statistics. Results: The mean score for the knowledge, attitude, behavior intension, enabling factors and health workers behaviors significantly increased after educational intervention in experimental group and influential individuals. The mean scores for knowledge, attitude, behavior intension, enabling factors and the behavior of attendant families under coverage also increased significantly. Conclusion: Educational program of BASNEF Model, leads to behavior change of health workers and eventually their training behavior leads to preventive actions in families under coverage.

Student Research Projects Inhibiting Factors from the Students Perspective

Abstract: دروم يا هقبط يفداصت يریگ هنومن شور هب هک دندوب جوسای يكشزپ مولع هاگشناد نایوجشناد زا رفن 96 لماش شهوژپ هعماج ،يعطقم -يفیصوت هعلاطم نیا رد :اه شور و داوم دییأت و یسررب زا سپ .دوب )لاؤس 17 ( ينامزاس عناوم و )لاؤس 8 ( يصخش عناوم ،كیفارگومد تاعلاطا لماش شخب 3 يواح همانشسرپ ،تاعلاطا يروآدرگ رازبا .دنتفرگ رارق هعلاطم اب و دیدرگ يروآ عمج همانشسرپ زا هدافتسا اب يشهوژپ عناوم دروم رد نایوجشناد تارظن ،شهوژپ رد تکرش تهج دارفا هناهاگا تیاضر بسک و همانشسرپ يیایاپ و يیاوتحم يیاور .تفرگ رارق لیلحت و هیزجت دروم SPSS رازفا مرن زا هدافتسا

A survey on Bacterial Contamination of Food Supply in the West of Tehran

Abstract: ،یگدولآ نازیم نیرت مک و نیرتشیب بیترت هب )%6/36( ینیئتورپ یاه هدروآرف و )%50( اهدلااس ،ییاذغ داوم هورگ ره رد لیفوزم یاه یرتکاب هب یگدولآ رظن زا :جیاتن رظن زا ،)%9/84( ینبل تلاوصحم و )%58/33( اهدلااس یلکایشرشا رظن زا ،)%1/73( ینیئتورپ یاه هدروآرف و )%13/46( تاج ینیریش اه مرفیلک هب یگدولآ رظن زا و نیرت هدولآ بیترت هب )%0/39( ینبل تلاوصحم و )%4/81( تاج ینیریش سوئرس سولیساب رظن زا ،)%0( اهدلااس و )%4/81( تاج ینیریش سوئروا سوکوکولیفاتسا .دندوب ییاذغ داوم نیرت ملاس

The Effect of Microwave Ovens Radiation Leakage on Testis Tissue and Sex Hormones in Immature Mice

Abstract: Background & Objective: The vast use of microwave ovens in today’s modern life and possible exposure of users to radiation exited from the oven lead us to investigate the effect of this radiation on sex hormones. In the present study, the effect of microwave ovens radiation leakage on concentration of LH, FSH and testosterone hormones has been investigated. Materials & Methods: Thirteen immature two weeks-old male mice which weighing about 10 grams were used in this experimental study. Animals were randomly divided into 3 groups. Each group contained 10 mice. Experimental group 1 and 2 were exposed to microwave oven 30 and 90 minutes daily for 30 days, respectively. The control group received no radiation. Animals were anaesthetized and serum samples were stored. The concentration of testosterone, FSH and LH hormones were measured by RIA method. Results: The serum testosterone levels showed significant decrease in experimental group 2. But levels of LH and FSH indicate no significant different in experimental group 1 and 2 when compared to the control group. Conclusion: Our results suggest that radiation leakage of microwave ovens might causes dysfunction in the levels of testosterone hormone secretion.

Strength and Weakness of Crisis Management in Hormozgan Medical University’s Hospitals

Abstract: و عیرس ینامرد و یتشادهب یاه تبقارم هئارا اب اه ناتسرامیب اتسار نیا رد .دنتسه هبقرتمریغ ثداوح زا يشان یاه بیسآ تیریدم لابند هب هتسویپ فلتخم عماوج :فده و هنیمز طخ زا یمهم شخب ناونع هب دیاب اه نآ یزاس هدامآ و یزیر همانرب هک دنا هدش لیدبت تملاس ماظن دحاو نیرتارگ لمع هب هبقرتمریغ ثداوح زا یشان ضراوع شهاک روظنم هب عقوم هب مولع هاگشناد ینامرد یشزومآ یاه ناتسرامیب رد نارحب تیریدم یاه تیدودحم و اه یدنمناوت یسررب یپ رد هعلاطم نیا .دریگ رارق هجوت دروم تملاس ماظن یدربهار یاه یشم .دشاب یم ناگزمره یکشزپ

The protective effects of vitamin E and C against oxidative stress induced by sulfasalazine in the testis of male adult rats

Abstract: و 1،2،3 یبرجت یاه هورگ رد اه شوم .)یبرجت هورگ راهچ و لرتنک هورگ( دندش میسقت ییات 8 هورگ جنپ هب راتسیو داژن زا )مرگ150-200( غلاب رن یاه شوم :اه شور و داوم هنازور نیزلااسافلوس رب هولاع 2 یبرجت هورگ یاه شوم تدم نیا رد نینچمه .دندرک تفایرد ژاواگ قیرط زا )600 mg/kg( نیزلااسافلوس یلاوتم زور 14 تدم هب هنازور 4 تفایرد ژاواگ قیرط زا E نیماتیو 200 mg/kg هولاعب C نیماتیو 20 mg/kg هنازور 4 یبرجت هورگ و E نیماتیو 200 mg/kg هنازور 3 یبرجت هورگو C نیماتیو 20 mg/kg شرامش ،نینچمه .دش یریگ هزادنا ندب نزو هب اه هضیب نزو تبسن و ندب نزو هرود نیا نایاپ رد .دندومن تفایرد بآ و لومعم یاذغ طقف لرتنک هورگ یاه شوم .دندرک دیهدلآ ید نولام میزنآ یتفاب تظلغ ،اه مرپسا يژولوفروم ،مرپسا هنازور دیلوت ،نیتامورک تیفیک ،اه مرپسا کرحت دصرد ،اه مرپسا يژولوفروم ،هدنز یاه مرپسا دصرد ،مرپسا و هفرط کی سنایراو یرامآ یاه تست طسوت جیاتن ،نایاپ رد .دیدرگ ماجنا هضیب يتفاب عطاقم يور رب يرون پوكسوركیم اب يسانش تفاب يسررب نینچمه و دش يریگ هزادنا .دنتفرگ رارق لیلحت و هیزجت دروم p<0.05 حطس رد نكناد

Preparation and Purification of Polyclonal Antibodies against Mycobacterium Avium Paratuberculosis Antigens in Rabbit

Abstract: Background and Objective: Johne’s disease is the chronic granulomatous enteritis of ruminants, and a major health hazard worldwide. In recent years, researchers have focused on mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) antigens in diagnostic tests. Identification of antibodies against MAP antigens is, therefore, effective for the diagnosis or preparation of vaccine. The aim of this study was to prepare and purify polyclonal antibodies against MAP antigens. Materials and Methods: A New Zealand white rabbit was immunized at a certain time period with MAP antigens and Freund’s adjuvant. After the immunization of the animal, the rabbit was bled to obtain enriched serum. Immunoglobulins were obtained via sedimentation with ammonium sulfate 35 and then IgG was purified by ion exchange (DEAE-cellulose) chromatography. Serologic test was used to evaluate the interaction of antigens and antibodies. Results: Ion exchange chromatography of IgG showed one peak, and SDSPAGE of IgG showed a single band. Serologic test was applied and clear precipitation lines were appeared up to 1:16 dilution, which indicated the high quality of the product. Conclusion: In this study, the humoral immune response was induced well by immunization with MAP antigens in a New Zealand white rabbit and polyclonal antibodies were produced in high titers. Polyclonal antibodies are relatively inexpensive and easy to produce in large quantities and can connect to the more connective sites, resulting in better sensitivity. Identification of polyclonal antibodies via immunological tests can play a significant role in studying MAP disorders.

Short-Term and Mid-Term Effects of Fasting and Downset Meal Pattern on Dietary Intakes, Anthropometric Parameters, and Glycemic and Lipid Profile in Fasting Women

Abstract: Background and Objective: This study assessed the mid-term changes in anthropometrical and biochemical factors as well as nutritional status and physical activity level with regard to nocturnal eating during Ramadan, for the first time.Materials and Methods: Via an easy sampling, the cohort study was conducted in 49 women aged between 20 and 45 years who were recruited from Shahid Motahari Hospital in Isfahan. The subjects were divided into two groups based on their nocturnal eating pattern. Anthropometrical and biochemical parameters were measured three days before Ramadan, on the third day of Ramadan, and thirty days after the end of Ramadan. A 147 food items frequency questionnaire was used for the assessment of nutritional status t. Repeated measure test was employed to determine changes over time, and the interaction effects between times and nocturnal eating status. Results: The body weight and body mass index of the women who consumed the nocturnal meal was significantly different from those of the subjects who did not consume the downset meal (p value =0.006). There were significant differences in energy, carbohydrate, and fat intake as well as serum triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and physical activity levels between the three time periods. Serum glucose, cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol were not significantly different between the two groups.Conclusion: Ramadan fasting has beneficial effects on the body weight and body mass index. Fasting causes some changes in the lipid profile these changes can be attributed to changes in dietary habits and physical activity level during Ramadan, rather than nocturnal eating status.

Attentional Demand of Speech in Children and Adolescents with Developmental Stuttering

Abstract: رفن 30 ،رگنامرد راتفگ كی صیخشت كمك هب و سرتسد رد يریگ هنومن شور زا هدافتسا اب هك تسا هتسباو یریگ هزادنا یاه حرط عون زا شهوژپ شور :اه شور و داوم هنومن ندرك طبض يارب هلیسو كی ،ندناوخ تهج نتم كی لماش شهوژپ ياهرازبا .دندش باختنا رایرهش سرادم زا يلوحت تنکل هب لاتبم لاس 8-13 نازومآ شناد زا اب ندز هبرض فیلکت هارمه هب نتم ندناوخ( هناگود فیلکت و )نتم ندناوخ ًافرص( درفنم فیلکت تیعقوم ود رد شهوژپ .دوب )SSI-3( تنکل تدش سایقم و درف راتفگ .دش لیلحت هتسبمه یت نومزآ كمك هب هدش یروآدرگ یاه هداد .تفرگ ماجنا )تشگنا