Journal of hygiene research 

About: Journal of hygiene research is an academic journal published by Wei sheng yan jiu" bian ji bu. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Population & Medicine. It has an ISSN identifier of 1000-8020. Over the lifetime, 2249 publications have been published receiving 8764 citations.

Tolerable upper intake level on vitamins and minerals

Abstract: According to the safety assessments of all vitamins and minerals intake undertaken by the US Institute of Medicine's Food and Nutrition Board (FNB), UK MAFF Expert Group on Safety and European Scientific Committee on Food, we are reviewing that the rationale of making ULs (the risk of experiencing adverse effects, assessment for dosage and reaction and Uncertainty Factors); comparing ULs of main vitamins and minerals between Chinese and American, and introducing new concepts of ULs on vitamin A, D, Ca, Cu, I, P, Se, Fe and V.

Study on distribution of endemic arsenism in China

Abstract: Drinking water and burning coal endemic arsenism as a severe disease is confirmed by National Ministry of Health in China in 1992. It is not uniform survey of the disease for the whole country from its report in 1980 in xijiang. Therefore National Ministry of Scientific and Technology in China supports to study on distribution of endemic arsenism in 21 provinces in China, so that it can know the basic distribution of endemic arsenism in China, and the data results will be a guide for the disease prevention and control. The project used environmental epidemiology study including retrospective epidemiology, present situation survey of the disease in severe areas and sampling investigation in unknown areas, collecting data of exposure population and arsenism cases. At the same time, the data of arsenic level in environment were collected, and environment samples were analyzed by standard chemical method. The both data were statistical analysis by access database and SAS procedure in computer. Through the study, it achieves the expected aim that grasps spreading distribution of drinking water arsenism and burning coal arsenism, including arsenic level in water, coal, food and air, as well as patient's condition of the disease at macroscopic. Drinking water endemic arsenism distributed in 8 provinces, 40 counties, affecting 2,343,238 peoples, among 522566 peoples expositing to the drinking water arsenic higher than 0.05 mg/L, and 7821 arsenism patients were diagnosed. Burning coal endemic arsenism spreads in 2 provinces, 8 counties, affecting 333905 peoples, 48438 peoples exposing to high arsenic of burning coal pollution, and 2402 peoples causing chronic arsenic poising by coal burning. Drinking water endemic arsenism: Nemeng, Shanxi is a severe drinking water endemic region also. Wusu city in Xinjiang is old arsenism area, which reformed drinking water to decrease arsenic, so chronic arsenic poisoning condition decreasing. Reforming drinking water measures to decreees arsenic were performed in some areas of Neimeng and Shanxi. On other hand, 1 county of Jilin and 1 county of Ningxia as drinking water arsenism areas were affirmed. 11 counties of Shanyi, 1 Banner of Nemeng, 1 city of Jilin, 1 county of Qinhai and 1 counties of Anhui province were discovered for new drinking water arsenism areas in this survey. Shunyi district of Beijing has high arsenic in drinking water. Otherwise, high arsenic content in drinking water in some areas decreased to lower than 0.05 mg/L, which including some villages of Liaoning province, Tongxing city of Zhejiang province, and Tianzhu village of Shunyi district in Beijing. Blackfoot disease related to high arsenic in drinking water in Taiwan province does not include in this study. Burning coal endemic arsenism: Guizhou province has a typical burning coal arsenism areas in China and world. Although to reform stove and decreasing arsenic pollution, but the chronic arsenic poisoning from domestic coal combustion exists, because it located high seal level and poor areas. Some new burning coal arsenism areas in Shanxi province were found, which produced air pollution and food pollution of arsenic from domestic coal combustion for cooking and heating. The paper summarizes the arsenic distribution levels in drinking water and in environment of burning coal. At the same time, preventive and control measures of endemic arsenism were provided.

Estimation of the normal range of blood glucose in rats

Abstract: Objective To evaluate the distribution and affecting factors of blood glucose in normal rats for the criterion of hyperglycemia in animal model. Methods The data of fast blood glucose ( FBG ) and 120 min postprandial blood glucose (PBG) of nearly 500 Wistar and SD rats from different experiment in our laboratory were collected and analyzed by multi - variable analysis and optimal scaling regression for the distribution and key affecting factors of blood glucose. Comparing the blood glucose determined by different method ( glucose oxidase method or glucose monitor with strips),different duration ( fasting for 5h or 11h),different blood source ( from abdominal aorta or tail),and different time for separating serum after sampling ( at once or till 120min) was conducted in another 40 - 100 Wistar rats. A mathematical model for the contribution of different components was evaluated and combined by parameters of half width and range. Results The average FBG and PBG of normal Wistar rats was (3. 95 ± 1. 31) mmol /L and (5. 65 ± 1. 63)mmol /L,and the 95% upper limit was 6. 2mmol /L and 7. 9mmol /L respectively. The differences of fasting duration,sample source,time before separating serum and testing methods,excepting for rat species,were significant (P 0. 05). The results showed that the blood glucose tested by glucose monitor method was not comparable with GOD method while the range of blood glucose was out of 7 - 11mmol /L. The difference of blood glucose between fasting for 5h and 11h was 0. 8mmol /L. Blood glucose from abdominal aorta was 40% higher than that from tail. The reduction of blood glucose was 8% in 60min and over 50% in 120min after blood being sampled. After the test requirement being regulated,the upper limit for FBG and PBG was expanded to 7. 5mmol /L and 10. 4 mmol /L,respectively. Conclusion The onset of diabetics in rat is judged as blood glucose being higher than the expanded normal upper level. The criteria for rats are close to that for human.

Foodborne disease outbreaks in China from 1992 to 2001 national foodborne disease surveillance system

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To study the foodborne disease outbreaks in the areas covered by National Foodborne Disease Surveillance System. METHODS Total 13 provinces were included in the surveillance system, and the foodborne disease outbreaks data during 1992 to 2001 were collected. RESULTS During 1992-2001, a total of 5770 outbreaks of foodborne disease were reported. These outbreaks caused a reported 162,995 persons to become ill. Among outbreaks for which the etiology was determined, bacterial pathogens caused the largest percentage of outbreaks (38.5%) and the largest percentage of cases (50.9%). Vibrio parahaemolyticus (31.1%) accounted for the largest number of outbreaks and cases. Chemical agents caused 37.5% of outbreaks and 28.6% of cases. CONCLUSION More work needs to be done to improve the foodborne disease surveillance system.

Energy requirements of children and adolescents

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Energy cost of growth is one of the most important components of Energy Requirements (ER) for children and adolescents. According to the latest research: ER was calculated as adding another 8.6 kJ (2 kcal) for each gram of weight gain during growth. In the 2004 FAO/WHO/UNU report on human energy requirements, which used the data from doubly labeled water (DLW) and heart rate monitoring (HRM) method, proposed the latest daily energy requirements for children and adolescents (1-18 years of age). This article introduces the advances in recent years on the energy requirements of children and adolescents.