Showing papers in "Journal of Interdisciplinary History in 1993"
TL;DR: The authors argue that white working-class racism is underpinned by a complex series of psychological and ideological mechanisms that reinforce racial stereotypes, and thus help to forge the identities of white workers in opposition to black workers.
Abstract: This is the new, fully updated edition of this now-classic study of working-class racism. Combining classical Marxism, psychoanalysis and the new labor history pioneered by E. P. Thompson and Herbert Gutman, David Roediger's widely acclaimed book provides an original study of the formative years of working-class racism in the United States. This, he argues, cannot be explained simply with reference to economic advantage; rather, white working-class racism is underpinned by a complex series of psychological and ideological mechanisms that reinforce racial stereotypes, and thus help to forge the identities of white workers in opposition to blacks. In a lengthy new introduction, Roediger surveys recent scholarship on whiteness, and discusses the changing face of labor in the twenty-first century.
2,192 citations
726 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey of the political parties and states in the United States and Europe, focusing on the role of political institutions and their role in political change.
Abstract: List of Tables and FiguresPrefaceCh. 1Political Parties and States3Pt. IParty and Patronage in Europe and America19Ch. 2Patronage and Its Opponents: A Theory and Some European Cases21Ch. 3Party, Bureaucracy, and Political Change in the United States61Pt. IIEconomic Interests and Political Organization in the United States99Ch. 4Trade Unions and Political Machines: The Organization and Disorganization of the American Working Class101Ch. 5Regional Receptivity to Reform in the United States169Pt. IIIPolitical Parties and Political Control195Ch. 6Political Incorporation and Political Extrusion: Party Politics and Social Forces in Postwar New York197Ch. 7New York City's Fiscal Crisis: Countering the Politics of Mass Mobilization233Notes259Author Index293Subject Index297
334 citations
TL;DR: The Market Revolution as mentioned in this paper examines the tensions between democracy and capitalism that arose during this period after the war of 1812 and the massive transformation of American society that followed in its wake.
Abstract: The Market Revolution offers a sweeping, comprehensive overview of the Jacksonian period in a synthesis of political, social, economic, and cultural history. This book examines the tensions between democracy and capitalism that arose during this period after the war of 1812 and the massive transformation of American society that followed in its wake.
248 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the occurrence of ethnic conflict and violence in the decade since the idea of the 'tribal zone' originally was formulated, finding the book's analysis tragically prophetic in identifying the key dynamics that have produced the kinds of conflicts recently witnessed globally, as in Bosnia, Kosovo, Rwanda, and Somalia.
Abstract: War in the Tribal Zone, the 1991 anthropology of war classic, is back in print with a new Preface by the editors. Their timely and insightful essay examines the occurrence of ethnic conflict and violence in the decade since the idea of the 'tribal zone' originally was formulated. Finding the book's analysis tragically prophetic in identifying the key dynamics that have produced the kinds of conflicts recently witnessed globally-as in Bosnia, Kosovo, Rwanda, and Somalia-the editors consider the political origins and cultural meanings of 'ethnic' violence in our postcolonial world.
213 citations
134 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a proposal to study children in a changing world, focusing on the history and life transitions of children in the US during World War II and the early 1970s.
Abstract: Preface Acknowledgments Part I. A Proposal: 1. Studying children in a changing world Part II. Historical and Life transitions: 2. America's home front children in World War II 3. Rising above life's disadvantage: from the Great Depression 4. Child development and human diversity Part III. Life Transitions Across Historical Time: 5. Problem girls: observations on past and present 6. Continuity and change in symptom choice: anorexia 7. Fathers and child rearing Part IV. The Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration: 8. The workshop enterprise 9. The elusive historical child: ways of knowing the child of history and psychology 10. A paradigm in question: commentary 11. Epilogue Bibliography Author index Subject index.
125 citations
TL;DR: The United States Social Science Research Council (SSRC) was the first national social science institution in the world and might be said to represent the creation of a "science of society".
Abstract: The United States Social Science Research Council (SSRC), founded in 1923, was the first national social science institution in the world and might be said to represent the creation of a "science of society." In Fundamental Development of the Social Sciences, Donald Fisher shows how this institution, under the considerable influence of Rockefeller philanthropy, shaped an entire discipline. Fisher demonstrates that the creation and growth of the SSRC during the 1920s and 1930s is essential to our understanding of the major developments in the social sciences since World War II. He shows that during this period, the place of social science and social scientists in American society was fixed in a way that has had substantial, lasting impact. The author weaves a number of larger, related issues into his account of the wide-ranging influence of the SSRC: the role of social scientists in the political life of the societies in which they live; the way in which knowledge systems develop and change; the role of philanthropy in industrialized societies; and the formation and preservation of the modern capitalist state. Donald Fisher's discussion of how an American institution sculpted an entire discipline will be of interest to all social scientists and historians of social science.
120 citations
TL;DR: The imperial triad (1898-World War II), Bilharzia (1950-1970s): a strategic change, and the Professional Approach ( 1950- 1970s):A strategic change.
Abstract: List of tables and figures Acknowledgments 1. Introduction Part I. The Imperial Approach (1898-World War II): 2. 1898: a declaration of war 3. 1898: another war, another continent 4. Bilharzia (1850-1918): the Looss controversies 5. The International Health Board 6. Bilharzia: optimism in Egypt (1918-39) 7. Into the 1930s: economics of disease 8. The 1930s: empires in transition 9. Bilharzia: World War II Part II. A Brief Interlude: Social Medicine: 10. New ideas 11. Bilharzia: pessimism in Egypt (1940-55) 12. Bilharzia: victory in China? Part III. The Professional Approach (1950-1970s): 13. The new British Empire: finding the experts 14. South Africa (1950-60): social medicine versus scientific research 15. Bilharzia: second to only one 16. Bilharzia (1950-1970s): a strategic change 17. Conclusion: the imperial triad Notes Index.
117 citations
TL;DR: The authors introduce a demarcation tres nette entre la magie and la religion par sa nouvelle comprehension des sacrements and par son rejet des rites catholiques : les objets benis (sel, eau, rameaux, herbes...) qui souvent donnaient un sens sacre a la vie quotidienne des chretiens de la Pre-Reforme, ont en grande partie disparu de la vies des protestants.
Abstract: La Reforme, de la premiere comme de la seconde generation, a introduit une demarcation tres nette entre la magie et la religion par sa nouvelle comprehension des sacrements et par son rejet des rites catholiques : les objets benis (sel, eau, rameaux, herbes ...) qui souvent donnaient un sens sacre a la vie quotidienne des chretiens de la Pre-Reforme, ont en grande partie disparu de la vie des protestants. A-t-elle contribue, selon le mot de Max Weber, au desenchantement du monde et ainsi, a sa secularisation et a sa modernisation : cela semble davantage contestable
111 citations
TL;DR: The authors define and do the history of American foreign relations: a primer Frank Cosigliola and Thomas G. Paterson, and define and define the US foreign relations as international and national history.
Abstract: 1. Introduction Michael J. Hogan and Thomas G. Patterson 2. Defining and doing the history of American foreign relations: a primer Frank Cosigliola and Thomas G. Paterson 3. Toward a pluralist vision: the study of American foreign relations as international and national history Robert J. McMahon 4. Theories of international relations Ole R. Holsti 5. Bureaucratic politics J. Garry Clifford 6. Psychology Richard Immerman 7. National security Melvyn P. Leffler 8. Corporatism Michael J. Hogan 9. World systems Thomas J. McCormick 10. Dependency Louis A Perez, Jr. 11. Considering borders Emily S. Rosenberg 12. The global frontier: comparative history and the frontier-borderlands approach Nathan J. Citino 13. Modernization theory Nick Cullather 14. Ideology Michael Hunt 15. Culture and international history Akira Iriye 16. Cultural transfer Jessica C. E. Gienow-Hecht 17. Reading for meaning: theory, language, and metaphor Frank Costigliola 18. What's gender got to do with it? Gender history as foreign relations history Kristin Hoganson 19. Race to insight: the US and the world, white supremacy and foreign affairs Gerald Horne 20. Memory and understanding US foreign relations Robert D. Schulzinger.
TL;DR: Trotter, Jr. as mentioned in this paper reviewed the literature on the Black Migration in Historical Perspective: A Review of the Literature and concluded that the future of black migration studies depends on the understanding of race and class.
Abstract: Foreword by Nell Irvin Painter Preface Acknowledgments Introduction, Black Migration in Historical Perspective: A Review of the Literature Joe William Trotter, Jr. Expectations, Economic Opportunities, and Life in the Industrial Age: Black Migration to Norfolk, Virginia, 1910-1945 Earl Lewis Race, Class, and Industrial Change: Black Migration to Southern West Virginia, 1915-1932 Joe William Trotter, Jr. Rethinking the Graet Migration: A Perspective from Pittsburgh Peter Gottlieb The White Man's Union: The Great Migration and the Resonance of Race and Class in Chicago, 1916-1922 James R. Grossman Getting There, Being There: African-American Migration to Richmond, California, 1910-1945 Shirley Ann Moore Black Migration to the Urban Midwest: The Gender Dimension, 1915-1945 Darlene Clark Hine Conclusion. Black Migration Studies: The Future Joe William Trotter, Jr. Contributors Index
TL;DR: The rise of Puritanism and the legalizing of dissent 1571-1719 The cohabitation of the faithful with the unfaithful The French and Walloon communities in London 1550-1688 From persecution to integration: the decline of the Anglo-Dutch communities in England 1642-1702 William III and toleration The claim to freedom of conscience: freedom of speech, freedom of thought freedom of worship? The Deist challenge The Jews of England and 1688 Disorder and innovation: the reshaping of the French churches of London after the glorious revolution as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Introduction The rise of Puritanism and the legalizing of dissent 1571-1719 The cohabitation of the faithful with the unfaithful The French and Walloon communities in London 1550-1688 From persecution to integration: the decline of the Anglo-Dutch communities in England 1642-1702 William III and toleration The claim to freedom of conscience: freedom of speech, freedom of thought freedom of worship? The Deist challenge The Jews of England and 1688 Disorder and innovation: the reshaping of the French churches of London after the glorious revolution The reception of the Huguenots in England and the Dutch Republic 1680-1690 The twilight of Puritanism in the years before and after 1688 The theory of religious intolerance in restoration England English Catholics after 1688 Toleration and religion after 1688 Appendices Index
TL;DR: In this paper, Mazlish argues that just as Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud overturned our illusions of separation from and domination over the cosmos, the animal world, and the unconscious, it is now necessary to relinquish a fourth fallacy or discontinuity -that humans are separate from the machines we make.
Abstract: From the Publisher:
This engrossing and lively book draws on history and legend, science and science fiction to consider the complex relationship between humans and machines. Bruce Mazlish argues that just as Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud overturned our illusions of separation from and domination over the cosmos, the animal world, and the unconscious, it is now necessary to relinquish a fourth fallacy or discontinuity-that humans are separate from the machines we make.
TL;DR: The authors define l'A. sattache a definir l'un des penchants traditionnalistes de la culture and de la religion islamiques qu'il appelle le paradigme isnâd, c'est-a-dire le sens de la relation que chaque nouvelle generation de musulmans entretient avec a la fois les debuts de l'Ummah constituee sous le dernier Prophete and avec toutes les generations suivantes des fideles
Abstract: L'A. s'attache a definir l'un des penchants traditionnalistes de la culture et de la religion islamiques qu'il appelle le paradigme isnâd, c'est-a-dire le sens de la relation que chaque nouvelle generation de musulmans entretient avec a la fois les debuts de l'Ummah constituee sous le dernier Prophete et avec toutes les generations suivantes des fideles serviteurs de Dieu qui ont prolonge les traditions et les ideaux de la communaute prophetique initiale
TL;DR: A rich background on gender and legal history, and on property-holding and domestic ideology in the nineteenth century has been provided by as mentioned in this paper, which has provided a rich background for women's identity as property holders.
Abstract: Women's Property and the Industrial Revolution Women have been workers, consumers, childbearers, and educators throughout history, but as property-holders their identity has been debatable. Their stakes in the holding and transmission of property have varied greatly over time, place, and region according to law, age, and marital status. Recent historical research has provided a rich background on gender and legal history, and on property-holding and domestic ideology in the nineteenth century. Close regional studies on inheritance practices and the state of widowhood abound for sixteenthand seventeenth-
TL;DR: Landes, Solow, and Farrell as mentioned in this paper discussed the role of women in the development of the Industrial Revolution and its impact on women's economic success in the United States, Great Britain, and Germany.
Abstract: David S. Landes Introduction: On Technology and Growth I. Technology Robert W. Fogel The Conquest of High Mortality and Hunger in Europe and America: Timing and Mechanisms Paul A. David The Hero and the Herd in Technological History: Reflections on Thomas Edison and the Battle of the Systems Rudolf Braun The "Docile" Body as an Economic-Industrial Growth Factor Wolfram Fischer The Choice of Technique: Entrepreneurial Decisions in the Nineteenth-Century European Cotton and Steel Industries Paul Bairoch The City and Technological Innovation Joel Mokyr Dear Labor, Cheap Labor, and the Industrial Revolution II. Entrepreneurialism Robert C. Allen Entrepreneurship, Total Factor Productivity, and Economic Efficiency: Landes, Solow, and Farrell Thirty Years Later Francois Crouzet The Huguenots and the English Financial Revolution William Lazonick What Happened to the Theory of Economic Development? Jonathan Hughes Public Sector Entrepreneurship Francois Jequier Employment Strategies and Production Structures in the Swiss Watchmaking Industry Peter Temin Entrepreneurs and Managers III. Paths of Economic Growth Jeffrey G. Williamson Did England's Cities Grow Too Fast during the Industrial Revolution? W. W. Rostow Technology and the Economic Theorist: Past, Present, and Future Alfred D. Chandler, Jr. Creating Competitive Capability: Innovation and Investment in the United States, Great Britain, and Germany from the 1870s to World War I Anne O. Krueger Benefits and Costs of Late Development Irma Adelman Prometheus Unbound and Developing Countries Claudia Goldin Marriage Bars: Discrimination against Married Women Workers from the 1920s to the 1950s Contributors Index
TL;DR: A culture, a la fois religieuse et laique, pronait une reconstruction sociale that les liberaux and les progressistes consideraient non seulement comme necessaire et urgente, mais aussi realisable de facon imminente.
Abstract: Cette culture, a la fois religieuse et laique, pronait une reconstruction sociale que les liberaux et les progressistes consideraient non seulement comme necessaire et urgente, mais aussi realisable de facon imminente : Bourne et Rauschenbusch attirerent l'attention sur le dynamisme de quelques individus ; Beecher et Gladen sur la discipline de la foule. Mais tous participerent a la culture du progressisme protestant et liberal, un mouvement consacre au developpement du temperament et a celui de la personnalite humaine
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a story of child labour under capitalism and the response to child labour 1780-1850: the climbing boys factory children slaves the order of nature.
Abstract: Part 1 The story of child labour. Part 2 The search for order 1680-1810 order and idleness work schooling order as a spectacle. Part 3 The response to child labour 1780-1850: the climbing boys factory children slaves the order of nature. Part 4 Savages: noble savages and children of nature the children of the street recapitulation. Part 5 Waifs and strays: rescue work the prevention of cruelty to children cities the worship of childhood. Part 6 Child labour under capitalism: a question of administration the representation of child labour. Part 7 The child and the state: the categorization of the poor and the science of childhood the nation's children. Part 8 From story to history: the story consolidated history.
TL;DR: O'Brien and O'Brien as discussed by the authors discussed the industrial revolution and its preconditions for women in the work force, and discussed the social aspects of the Industrial Revolution and its social aspects in early industrial England.
Abstract: 1. Modern conceptions of the Industrial Revolution Patrick O'Brien 2. Women in the work force Duncan Bythell 3. Reinterpretations of the Industrial Revolution Gary Hawke 4. Methodism and political stability in early industrial England Alan D. Gilbert 5. Sex and desire in the Industrial Revolution Thomas Laqueur 6. Political preconditions for the Industrial Revolution Patrick O'Brien 7. Crime, law and punishment in the Industrial Revolution Davis Philips 8. The Industrial Revolution and parliamentry reform Roland E. Quinault 9. The margins of the Industrial Revolution Eric Richards 10. Social aspects of the Industrial Revolution John Stevenson 11. Technological and organisational change in industry during the Industrial Revolution G. N. von Tunzelmann 12. Postscript Eric Jones.
TL;DR: The mental world of the Jacobean court: an introduction Linda Levy Peck Part I. Reconstructing theJacobean Court: 2. Patronage and politics under the Tudors Wallace MacCaffrey 3. James VI and I, Basilikon Doron and The Trew Law of Free Monarchies: the Scottish context and the English translation Jenny Wormald as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: 1. The mental world of the Jacobean court: an introduction Linda Levy Peck Part I. Reconstructing the Jacobean Court: 2. Patronage and politics under the Tudors Wallace MacCaffrey 3. James VI and I, Basilikon Doron and The Trew Law of Free Monarchies: the Scottish context and the English translation Jenny Wormald 4. James I and the divine right of kings: English politics and continental theory J. P. Sommerville 5. Royal and parliamentary voices on the ancient constitution, c. 1604-1621 Paul Christianson Part II. Court Culture and Court Politics: 6. Cultural diversity and cultural change at the court of James I Malcolm Smuts 7. Lancelot Andrews, John Buckeridge, and avant-garde conformity at the court of James I Peter Lake 8. Robert Cecil and the early Jacobean court Pauline Croft 9. The mentality of a Jacobean grandee Linda Levy Peck 10. Seneca and Tacitus in Jacobean England J. H. M. Salmon Part III. Literature and Art: 11. The court of the first Stuart queen Leeds Barroll 12. The masque of Stuart culture Jerzy Limon 13. Robert Carr, Earl of Somerset, as collector and patron A. R. Braunmuller 14. John Donne, kingsman? Annabel Patterson Index Notes.
TL;DR: MacDoanld as mentioned in this paper explores popular ideas and myths in Edwardian Britain, their use by Baden-Powell, and their influence on the Boy Scout movement, and analyses the model of masculinity provided by the imperial frontier, the view that life in younger, farflung parts of the empre was stronger, less degenerate than in Britain.
Abstract: In Sons of the Empire, Robert MacDonalf explores popular ideas and myths in Edwardian Britain, their use by Baden-Powell, and their influence on the Boy Scout movement. In particular, he analyses the model of masculinity provided by the imperial frontier, the view that life in younger, far-flung parts of the empre was stronger, less degenerate than in Britain. The stereotypical adventurer - the frontiersman - provided an alternative ethic to British society. The best known example of it at the time was Baden-Powell himself, a war scout, the Hero of Mafeking in the South African war, and one of the first cult heroes to be created by the modern media. When Baden-Powell founded the Boy Scouts in 1908, he used both the power of the frontier myth and his own legend as a hero to galvanize the movement. The glamour of war scouting was hard to resist, its adventures a seductive invitation to the frist recruits. But Baden-Powell had a serious educational program in mind: Boy Scouts were to be trained in good citizenship. MacDoanld docusments his study with a wide range of contemporary sources, from newspapers to military memoirs. Exploring the genesis of an imperial institution through its own texts, he brings new insight into the Edwardian age.
TL;DR: In this article, an excellent introduction to and sampling of the developing genre of micro-history is presented, in which historians begin their analysis from below, viewing the ordinary peoples ignored in the annals of European history.
Abstract: "An excellent introduction to and sampling of the developing genre of microhistory...In essence these historians begin their analysis `from below,' viewing the ordinary peoples ignored in the annals of European history."--'Catholic Historical Review.' 'Selections from' Quaderni Storici.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the social contexts of assimilation: village Jews and city Jews in Alsace and the social vision of Bohemian Jews: intellectuals and community in the 1840s Hillel Kieval.
Abstract: Preface 1. Assimilation and the Jews in nineteenth-century Europe: towards a new historiography? Jonathan Frankel 2. Jewish emancipationists in Victorian England: self-imposed limits to assimilation Israel Finestein 3. German Jews in Victorian England: a study in drift and defection Todd M. Endelman 4. Israelite and Jew: how did nineteenth-century French Jews understand assimilation? Phyllis Cohen Albert 5. The social contexts of assimilation: village Jews and city Jews in Alsace Paula E. Hyman 6. Nostalgia and 'return to the ghetto': a cultural phenomenon in Western and Central Europe Richard I. Cohen 7. Jewry in the modern period: the role of the 'rising class' in the politicization of Jews in Europe Michael Graetz 8. The impact of emancipation on German Jewry: a reconsideration David Sorkin 9. Gender and Jewish history in Imperial Germany Marion A. Kaplan 10. Jewish assimilation in Habsburg Vienna Marsha L. Rozenblit 11. The social vision of Bohemian Jews: intellectuals and community in the 1840s Hillel Kieval 12. The entrance of Jews into Hungarian society in Vormarz: the case of the 'casinos' Michael K. Silber 13. Modernity without emancipation or assimilation? the case of Russian Jewry Eli Lederhendler 14. Ahad Ha'am and the politics of assimilation Steven J. Zipperstein Index.
TL;DR: Hoff as mentioned in this paper argues that women remain second class citizens under the current legal system and questions whether the continued pursuit of equality based on a one-size-fits-all vision of traditional individual rights is really what will most improve conditions for women in America as they prepare for the twenty-first century.
Abstract: In this widely acclaimed landmark study, Joan Hoff illustrates how women remain second- class citizens under the current legal system and questions whether the continued pursuit of equality based on a one-size-fits-all vision of traditional individual rights is really what will most improve conditions for women in America as they prepare for the twenty-first century. Concluding that equality based on liberal male ideology is no longer an adequate framework for improving women's legal status, Hoff's highly original and incisive volume calls for a demystification of legal doctrine and a reinterpretation of legal texts (including the Constitution) to create a feminist jurisprudence.
TL;DR: Canfield as discussed by the authors discusses the Turko-Persian tradition in the early modern period and discusses the history of TurkoPersian ecumene References Index, which is used in this paper.
Abstract: List of maps List of contributors Preface 1. Introduction: the Turko-Persian tradition Robert L. Canfield 2. Pre-Islamic and early Islamic cultures in Central Asia Richard N. Frye 3. Turko-Mongol influences in Central Asia Yuri Bregel 4. Islamic culture and literature in Iran and Central Asia in the early modern period Michel M. Mazzaoui 5. Perso-Islamic culture in India from the seventeenth to the early twentieth century Francis Robinson 6. Theological 'extremism' and social movements in Turko-Persia Robert L. Canfield 7. Local knowledge of Islam and social discourse in Afghanistan and Turkistan in the modern period M. Nazif Shahrani 8. Russia's geopolitical and ideological dilemmas in Central Asia Milan Hauner Chronology of events and developments in the history of the Turko-Persian ecumene References Index.