Showing papers in "Journal of Jilin Agricultural University in 2005"

Current Research Status of Fish Immunostimulants

Abstract: Abstrcat Immunostimulants are valuable for the prevention and control of fish diseases in aquaculture.Several immunostimulants such as polysaccharide and micronutritional factors and their effective mechanism are reviewed, meantime, existing problems in immunostimulant application and future research tendency are described.

Effects of Tillage on Corn and Soybean Yields in Middle Layer Black Soil of Northeast China

Abstract: Conservation tillage practices are alternative measures to conserve and restore black soil productivity in Northeast China. In order to test the impacts of conservation tillage as well as no-tillage practices on soil quality and crop production in Northeast China, a tillage trail was established on a black soil (silt loam) in Dehui, Jilin province in 2001. Three-year studies (2002-2004) showed that conservation tillage did not result in the decline of corn yield. Average corn yield under conservation tillage was (10 507 kg/hm~2) greater than that under moldboard plough which was 10 196 kg/hm~2. Average soybean yield under no-tillage was 2 777 kg/hm~(2) greater than that under moldboard plough.

Effects of Water Stress on Growth and Yield of Rice in Tillering Stage

Abstract: The effects of water stress on growth and yield of rice were studied in tillering stage with the method of pot cultivating. The results showed that the effects of water stress on tillering number, LAI, and plant height of rice were evident and the seriousness of effects is consistent with the levels of water stress. The average tillering number of the treated was 28% lower than that of the control,the average LAI of the treated was 26.6% lower than that of the control,and the average height of plants of the treated was 14.4% lower than that of the control. Because of water stress on rice in tillering stage, rice tillering was restrained, yield was seriously affected with no enough effective ears and the grains of ear in unit area, and the average yield of the treated was 29.5% lower than that of the control.

Estimates of Genetic Parameters of Main Economic Traits in Liaoning Cashmere Goat

Abstract: Effects of gae, sex, birth type and mother′s age on main economic traits and heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations of the traits were studied in this paper. There were significant differences between sexes in all-economic traits apart from birth weight(P0.01)Down weight, clean down weight, body weight, down diameter, down length, height of down layer increased obviously with the increase of age (P0.01)Birth types affected significantly down weight, birth weight and weaning weight (P0.01)Mother′s age affected birth weight, weaning weight and body weight(P0.01)Heritabilities of down weight, clean down weight, down diameter, down length, height of down layer, birth weight, weaning weight and body weight were 0.357,0.685,0.421,0.263,0.321,0.647,0.337 and 0.571 respectively. Genetic correlation of down weight with clean weight, down diamerter, height of down layer and body weight were 0.718,0.658,0.632 and 0.713 respectively, and phenotypic correlation 0.823,0.278,0.475 and 0.476 respectively. Genetic and phenotypic correlation of down diameter with body weight were 0.112 and 0.139, genetic correlation of body weight with height of down layer, birth weight and weaning weight were -0.726,0.841 and 0.421 respectively, and phenotypic correlation 0.205,0.138 and 0.406.

Isolation and selection of strains used to degrade organic PCNB pesticides and their application effects

Abstract: Abstrcat Eight strains that can degrade organic PCNB pesticides were isolated and selected from soil of grown panax which had been fertilized PCNB for many years. Their degradation capability to PCNB was studied. The results showed that the strains B_1,B_2, F_1 and S_1 had the significant effect. Ratio of degradation was 73.6%,81.0%,73.4% and 72.0%. Four strains that had better degradation capability were mixed to compare the degradation effect. The result showed that mixture strains had better degradation capability than simple strains and growth of every combined strains was not restrained.

General view on pharmacological research of ginsenoside-Rb_(2)

Abstract: Abstrcat This paper systematically deals with the literature on pharmacological research of Ginsenoside Rb_2 ,which affects lipid metabolism, glycometabolsm, retinal pigment epithelium,DNA and RNA synthesis,protein synthesis, tumor cell,central nervous system and cardiovascular system. It also discusses the research on its distribution in body,its metabolism and pharmacokinetics.

Response and Adaptability of Maize to Drought Stress II. Responses of Ear and Tassel Growth and Development of Maize to Drought Stress

Abstract: Responses and adaptabilities of ear and tassel growth and development of maize to drought stress were studied under the condition of artificially controlled water and natural drought. The results showed that the drought induced pollen-shedding within closed tank formed by top leaf of maize plant and pollen became invalid because of the shortened top node,tassel handle and tassel length, and the slow or invalid earring of tassel. Moreover,the total amount of pollen decreased and the amount of pollen used to pollinate was not enough because tassel ramification numbers and spikelet numbers sharply decreased,and the tassel became short. At the same time,maize ear growth and development was severely affected by drought stress,that is,the maize ear became short and thin,basal substance became devoid, tank capacity shrank,and silk elongation rate decreased or silk elongation could not put forth. The changes of ear and tassel growth and development induced by drought finally resulted in the fact that florescence could not meet,pollination and fertilization were not satisfactory and yield irreversibly decreased.

Genetic Parameter Estimates of Follicle Traits in Liaoning Cashmere Goat

Abstract: Abstrcat Effects of non-genetic factors on follicle traits and their genetic parameters were studied with skin specimen from two hundreds of Liaoning cashmere goats at 6 and 18 months using the half—sib correlation method. Apart from S/P, the other follicle traits changed significantly with the increase of age ((P)0. 01); apart from secondary density (SD),there were no significant differences between birth types of other follicle traits. S/P, SD and internal diameter of primary (IDP)were different among different month ages (P0. 01). Heritabili ties of S/P, SD, primary density (PD), external diameter of secondary (EDS), external diameter of primary (EDP), internal diameter of secondary (IDS), internal diameter of primary (IDP),depth of secondary (DS) and depth of primary (DP) were 0.534, 0.137, 0.160, (0.584,) 0.080, 0.187, 0.496, 0.002 and 0.204. respectively. Their phenotypic correlation coefficients with performance traits were weak. Genetic correlation coefficents of S/P with down weight,body weight,and cashmere diameter were 0.680, 0.423 and -0.343, respectively,those of EDP with down weight and cashmere diameter were 0.450 and 0.489, respectively. It was concluded that S/P is a useful trait in goat breeding, due to less effects of non-genetic factors on it, high heritability and high genetic correlation with performances,and selecting high S/P can not only increase down weight,but also solve the concerned problem that Liaoning cashmere goat has coarser down.

Photosynthetic Characteristics of Birch during Different Succession Stages in Great Xingan Mountain

Abstract: Abstrcat By the means of LICOR-6400 photosynthetic system, the photosynthetic characteristics of birch (Betula platyphylla) in climax community in Great Xingan Mountain were studied The results show that both the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pnmax) and apparent quantum field (AQY) of birch in climax community [759 μmol/(m~(2)·s~(-1)),0045 7 mol/mol photons]are lower than those of birch in non-climax community [779 μmol/(m~(-2)·s~(-1)), 0069 8 mol/mol photons] There is significant difference between Pn in two communities (P005) while there is considerably significant difference between AQY in two communities (P001) The fact demonstrates that both real photosynthetic capacity and the potential photosynthetic capacity of birch in former community are inferior to those of birch in latter community Besides, the light saturation point (LSP) of birch in two succession stages are similar, but the light compensation point (LCP) of birch in climax succession is lower than that of birch in non- climax succession, which indicates that the respiration of birch in climax community has reduced in some degree Thus, the phsiologicalecology mechanism why birch retreats from the dominant canopy in climax community is revealed

Effects of Corn Stalk on Microbiological Characteristics of Soil

Abstract: The effects of corn stalk on microbiological characteristics of black calcium soil were studied.The results showed that corn stalk had the function of converting soil microorganism type from bacterium type to fungus type,and of promoting the quantity and activity of microorganism obviously.The results also showed that corn stalk influenced the growing speed of fungi more quickly than the growing speed of bacteria,the rate between bacteria and fungi with corn stalk in soil dropped from 1.42 to 1.25 in 180 day′s soil culture test,and the abundance of microbiological population in soil decreased slightly.

Effect of Inorganic Phosphates on Available Phosphates in Black Soil

Abstract: Abstrcat The forms of inorganic phosphorus in black soil were studied by Gu and Jiang's method.The method of path analysis was applied to study the difference between inorganic phosphates fraction and the available phosphates following the related coefficient analysis on the basis of the fraction of inorganic phosphates . The order of relative importance of inorganic phosphates to the available phosphates is as follow: Ca_2-PAl-PFe-PCa_8-P O-PCa_(10)-P.A new way to evaluate correctly the role of inorganic phosphates in the plant phosphates nutrient was supplied by the method of path analysis. The equation was established between available phosphates and other factors that mainly affect them on the basis of related coefficient analysis and path analysis.

A study on the effects of zinc on germination of rice

Abstract: Abstrcat The effect of zinc on germination of rice "Nongda 3" was studied by soaking seeds with zinc solution at five levels: 0, 0.5,2.0,3.0 and 5.0 mg/L respectively. When zinc concentration was (3 mg/L), germination speed increased effectively. Germination rate increased by 38.9%. The growth of plumule, esp, the radicle was promoted. The activeness of seed increased by 122.34%.In the early stage of germination, the membrane penetration of seed was improved, and SOD activeness increased by 56.96%, CAT activeness by 221.53%; and at the late stage of soaking, zinc decreased electrolyte leakage and activeness of SOD and CAT and improved POD activeness by 284.17%.

Separation and Identification of the Flavoniods in the Fruit of Vaccinium uliginosum L.Blueberry

Abstract: The flavonoids in the fruit of Vaccinium uliginosum blueberry were separated and purified by column chromatographic techniquesThe structures of the three compounds were identified by ~1H-NMR,~(13)C-NMR spectroscopicThey were malvinin-3-O-glucoside(Ⅰ),cyanidine-3-O-galactoside(Ⅱ) and myricetin(Ⅲ),respectivelyThe three compounds were isolated from this fruit for the first time

Observation of health care effect of Oviducts Rana capsule on fatigue resistance

Abstract: Abstrcat This research was conducted on the burden swimming experiment of mice fed with Oviducts Rana capsule, according to the fatigue resistance health care food criterion of the Ministry of Public Health. The content of mouse′s serum urea nitrogen, liver glycogen and blood lactic acid were measured. The results showed that after 30-day feed of the mice with the capsules 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 g/kg.d, the swimming time of the burdened mice was prolonged, the serum urea nitrogen decreased, the liver glycogen increased and the blood lactic acid decreased. The difference between each experimental group and the control was significant. It was demonstrated that the oviducts rana capsule had a significant health care effect on fatigue resistance.

Residual Dynamics of Chlorpyrifos-Methyl EC in Cabbage and Soil

Abstract: The residual dynamics and the final residue of chlorpyrifos-methyl EC in cabbage and soil were determined by GS-MS.The cabbage was applied with 40% emulsification of the insecticide at a dose(720 g/hm~2) and it has been found that the initial residues in cabbage and soil were 3.50～5.82 mg/kg and 1.10～2.21 mg/kg,respectively.Furthermore,the half-life of the insecticide in cabbage and soil were 0.4～1.2 d and 3 d,respectively.The final residue on the cabbage was 0.02～0.03 mg/kg for the sample receiving 3 times of application and at last application with and interval of 7 days form harvest.

Study on Resource Ecological Management of Phragmites australis and Its High Productivity

Abstract: Abstrcat Phragmites australis is a widespread species in the world. Phragmites australis wetland is an important type of wetland ecosystem. It has ecological, economic and social benefit. The integrated ecosystem assessment is the basis for ecosystem management of Phragmites australis wetland. Based on the different growth and development stages of P. australis and water requirement, the high yield would be produced by irrigation, drainage and adjusting the ratio of N, P and K in the soil. In addition, its growth rate has close relation with annual accumulated temperature and frost-free period.

Spermatogenesis in Omocestus viridulus

Abstract: The spermatogenesis of Omocestus viridulus in histological levels was studiedFive stages in spermatogenesis of Omocestus viridulus were distinguished and described respectively according to the changes of the shape of spermatocyte and nucleusThe five stages were spermatogonia,primary spermatocyte,second spermatocyte,sperm cell and spermiogenesis

Changes of endogenous hormone levels in leaves and grains of hybrid rice and its parents during filling stage

Abstract: Abstrcat This study was undertaken to characterize the changes of endogenous hormone levels in hybrid rice Tiyou 418 and its parents Tjin/C418 during filling stage. The results showed that in grains the changes of abscisic acid(ABA) of Tiyou418 is different from that of its parents, higher in early stage and lower in later stage, the changes of IAA, ZR and GA_(1+3) of Tiyou418 are the same as those of its parents, but GA_(1+3) is high in later stage; In leaves, the changes of endogenous hormones of Tiyou418 are the same as those of its parents, except for GA_(1+3), the content of other endogenous hormones is between that of its parents; The peak grain/leaf of ABA in Tiyou 418 appeared early and that of its parents appeared later. The grain/leaf of ZR in C418 is high during early stage. These results indicated that the higher ABA in grains at early filling stage may be favorable to filling, the slow decrease of (GA_(1+3)+ZR+IAA)/ ABA in leaves at later filling stage may be favorable to delaying senescence.

The Study of the Preparation Techniques of Soybean Peptides Through Hydrolyzing Soybean Isolated Proteins by Alcalase

Abstract: Abstrcat The preparation techniques of soybean peptides through hydrolyzing soybean isolated proteins by Alcalase were studied. Through statistics and analyses, the effects of pretreatments, temperature, concentrations of substratum, proportions of enzyme to substratum and time on enzymic hydrolysis were studied. Through uniform designs and statistical analyses, a mathematical model was set up . Based on this model, the optimum hydrolysis conditions were determined: 60℃, pH 8.0, substratum concentration 8.38%, proportion of Alcalase to substratum 4.5%, hydrolysis time 150 min and the hydrolyzing degree 0.220 221.

A Review of the Studies on Chemical Constituents and Pharmaceutical Activities of the Fruit of Panax ginseng

Abstract: The chemical composition in the fruits of Panax ginseng comprisesginsenosides,polysaccharide,alkaloids,volatile oils,amino acids,inorganic elements and sterol. Comparatively comprehensive pharmacological effects are found in the fruits of Panax ginseng, which mainly contain functions such as bacteriostasis, reducing blood sugar,resisting shock, protecting cardiac muscle, preventing the failure of adrenocortical function,improving the ability of a rat′s study and memory, enhancing immunity and postponning senility. This paper systematically deals with the literature on chemical constituents and pharmaceutical activities of the fruits of Panax ginseng.

Study on Induction and Regeneration of "Milpa Alta" Edible Cactus

Abstract: Abstrcat Using the tender shoots as the explants, the effects of different ways of selecting materials and media on bud induction and plant regeneration are examined. The results showed that the appropriate medium for bud induction is MB+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L, the medium of multiplication is (MB+)6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L, and the medium of rooting is 1/2 MS+NAA 0.3 mg/L. The effect of propagation is better when 3～5 day upper or top buds are used as explants.The multiplication of the middle and lower parts of the micro-cladode is higher. The best transplantation medium is sand and it is up to 90.1% survival.

Studies on Leaf Tissue Structure and Its Relations to Cold Resistance of Blueberry

Abstract: Tissue parameters such as leaf thickness, stoma density, and stockade tissue thickness of 18 different blueberry cultivars were observed and measured. The results showed that there were relations between stockade tissue thickness/ sponge tissue thickness, CTR, SR and their cold resistance. These indexes are possible to be treated as the indexes to identify cold resistance among different blueberry cultivars.

Study on the pathogenic fungi of main farmland weeds and their distribution in Northeastern China.

Abstract: 41 species of pathogenic fungi on main farmland weeds collected from Northeastern China are listed together with their hosts, habitats and the districts where the specimens were collected.41 species belonged to 19 genera, including 1 new species: Cylindrosporium equiseti Liu et Bai, and 5 species were first reported in the Northeastern China.These pathogenic fungi parasitize separately plants distributed among 26 genera of 14 families. All specimens are deposited in the Mycological Herbarium of the Quartermaster University of PLA.

Effect of Saponins of Panax quinquefolium on Inhibiting High-Fat Diet Induced Obesity and Lipase Activity of Mice

Abstract: Quinquefolium on pancreatic lipase activity was performed by measuring the release rate of oleic acid from triolein.For in vivo experiments,female ICR mice were fed a high fat diet with or without 1% or 3% saponins from stem and leaf of Panax quinquefolium for 8 weeks.1% or 3% crude saponins from stem and leaf Panax quinquefolium inhibited pancreatic lipase activity.The results showed that at the concentration of 0.5 g/L,saponins from stem and leaf Panax quinquefolium inhibited pancreatic lipase activity by 90%.At the concentration of 0.5 g/L,ginsenosides Rc,Rb_1 and Rb_2 inhibited pancreatic lipase activity by 100%,96% and 97% respectively.1% or 3% crude saponins from stem and leaf Panax quinquefolium suppressed the increases in parametrial adipose tissue weight,when mice were fed a high-fat diet.It is demonstrated that the anti-obesity effects of saponins from stem and leaf Panax quinquefolium in high-fat diet treated mice may be due to the inhibition of intestinal absorption of dietary fat by ginsenosides Rc,Rb_1 and Rb_2.

Study on Gel Electrophoresis of Protein from the Species of Trichiales

Abstract: Polyaccrylamide gel electrophoresis was used in the taxonomic study of Trichiales.The results showed that the pattern of SDS-PAGE reflected the speciality in species level,which can reflect the relationship between the species.The electrophoresis patterns showed that there were few same subunits among the order of Trichiales.The same subunits are fewer among genera than within a genus.And it is the same within a species.This result shows that polyaccrylamide gel electrophoresis can be a good proof on molecular level in the taxonomy of myxomycetes.

Study on Biomass Changes of Plant Ecological Type Groups in the Leymus chinensis Communities along Northeast China Transect

Abstract: Plant function types are basic unit in studying vegetation changes and ecosystem function of biodiversity.By now,there has not been a widely accepted class of plant function types.We analyzed the relations of plant ecological type groups and community biomass and environment changes in the grassland communities of Leymus chinensis as edificator along Northeast China Transect(NECT).The results showed that the primary productivity of Leymus chinensis communities was decided first by Xero-mesophytes,and next by Meso-xerophytes and Xerophytes.Mesophytes played an important role only in Leymus chinensis and herbage community.Hygrophytes appeared in several communities.The variance coefficients of Xero-mesophytes and Xerophytes were lower than those of other ecological type groups,therefore the stability of Xero-mesophytes and Xerophytes biomass was higher.

Effects of Saline-Alkali Stress on Ultrastructure in Chloroplast and Some Physiological Indexes of Oats

Abstract: Under controlled conditions, the effects of saline-alkali stress on ultrastructure in chloroplast and on some physiological indexes of oats were studied. The results showed that with the increase of salt concentration, the chloroplast of oats expanded, the slices of basal granule were distorted or even disintegrated, matrix was tenuity, the starch particles disappeared, plastoglobulis became empty, and the membrane of chloroplast became disintegrated. These changes varied greatly among different cultivars. The change of ultrastructure was bigger in baiyan 1 than in baiyan 7 owing to its sensitivity to salt. With the increase of salt concentration, the activities of catalase(CAT) were digressive, the activities of nitrate reductase(NR) increased first and then decreased, the content malondialdehyde(MDA) increased, and the transudatory rate of electrolyte increased.

A Comparative Study of Root Activity and Mycorrhizal Infection Incidence of Blueberry in Different Soil Conditions

Abstract: Effects of soil amendments(moss, peat, sawdust, stillage and element S) incorporation on root activity and mycorrhizal infection incidence of blueberry cultivar 'northland' were studied in pot and field experiments The result showed that root activity and mycorrhizal infection incidence had significant difference In pot experiment, root activity of 'northland' cultivar in treatment of added moss and peat was 826% higher than the control Mycorrhizal infection incidence was the highest in added 1 kg S treatment In field experiment, mycorrihizal infection of 'northland' cultivar in the treatment of added moss was the highest, and in the treatment of added sawdust and added moss and peat, mycorrihizal infections were respectively 1063% and 651% higher than the control Root activity in treatment of added moss+ peat, and moss were respectively 467% and 230% higher than the control

Study on the Desertification of Otindag Sandy Land A Case in Point of the Zhenglan Banner

Abstract: Abstrcat Otindag sandy land expands and degrades rapidly in recent years. Many scientists and researchers are taking great efforts to seek the reason. In this article we analyzed the natural and social factors of Zhenglan banner, which lies in the center of Otindag to investigate the real reason. We analyzed the climatic factor(the mean temperature, the mean amount of precipitation, the mean humidity, the percent of the sunlight, potential evapotranspiration, potential evapotranspiration rate (PER), and radiative dryness (RDI) and economic factor (the total population of Zhenglan Banner, the population of the grazing area of Zhenglan Banner, the population of the agriculture area, the population of the town, percentage of pupils and middle school students in the total population, the number of goats, the number of sheep, the total number of sheep and goats, the number of big domestic animals, the area of cultivated land in agricultural zone, the area of cultivated land in grazing zone, the area of economic crops, the irrigated area of cultivated land, yield of cereal crops per unit, and the yield of economic crops per unit) of the past forty years with statistical method. The results showed that the population of local people and the livestock increased constantly and reached the significant level. It indicated that overgrazing and dramatic increase of the population were the main reasons that caused the steady increment of desertification in Zhenglan banner and Otindag. Meanwhile, the global warming caused by the greenhouse effect was also an important inducement. The author proposed increasing the agriculture investment to enhance the productivity of the land; changing the way of feeding livestock and generalize shed breeding; making the agriculture complement the pasture to combat the desertification of Otindag according to the situation.