Showing papers in "Journal of Mushroom in 2013"
TL;DR: In this article, the medicinal effects of various fruiting body of Ganoderma species and Cordyceps militaris, Phelinus linteus extracts were compared.
Abstract: This study was carried out to compare the medicinal effects of various fruiting body of Gan-oderma species and Cordyceps militaris, Phelinus linteus extracts. -glucan and polyphenol are useful ingredientin mushrooms and they were known to have antioxidant activity. We analyzed -glucan and polyphenol con-tents of fruiting body of Ganoderma spp ., Cordyceps militaris, and Phellinus linteus . Most Ganoderma spp. exhibited -glucan contents of 15 to 20%. Cordyceps militalis showed the highest -glucan level of 25%. Inter-estingly, eight strains of Ganoderma spp. was analyzed to have higher contents of -glucan than Phelinus lin-teus. Polyphenol contents was measured after extraction with different solvents. (D.W., 70% EtOH, 80%MeOH) The level of polyphenol in ASI 7020 strain was at maximum in the water extraction and ASI 7086showed the highest level in the 70% EtOH extraction. The amounts of polyphenol in strain ASI 7113 wasat maximum in the 80% MeOH extraction.KEYWORDS
14 citations
TL;DR: It is determined that Sparassis crispa extracts play a inhibitory role in inflammatory reactions via regulating NO production, which suggests potential as a component of inflammatory drugs.
Abstract: Sparassis crispa is a medicinal mushroom, which has been reported to have anti-cancer effect. In this study, we designed to investigate the effects of Sparassis crispa extracts on the production of nitric oxide (NO) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The pre-treatment of the extracts prior to add LPS in RAW264.7 cells suppressed NO production and iNOS expression at protein and mRNA levels. The phosphorylation of was inhibited by the extracts, which was induced through suppressing the activation of . Sparassis crispa extracts showed the effect on the down-regulation of STAT-1 activation in a dose-dependent manner. In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, was translocated into the nucleus, while the treatment of Sparassis crispa extracts induced to sequestered in the cytosol. These experimental results determined that Sparassis crispa extracts play a inhibitory role in inflammatory reactions via regulating NO production, which suggests potential as a component of inflammatory drugs.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of methanol and hot water extracts prepared from the fruiting bodies of Dictyophora indusiata were investigated, and the results showed that the extracts have excellent DPPH scavenging and chelating activity on the ferrous ions compared with positive control.
Abstract: Dictyophora indusiata is an edible mushroom belongs to Family Phallaceae of Phallales, Basidiomycota. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of methanol and hot water extracts prepared from fruiting bodies of Dictyophora indusiata. Besides measuring of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, a reducing power and a chelating activity on ferrous ions were also measured to evaluate the antioxidant activity for those extracts. To measure the anti-inflammatory activities for the extracts, nitric oxide(NO) production from lipopolysaccharide(LPS) treated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and carrageenan-induced acute hind paw edema of rats were investigated. The results showed that the extracts have excellent DPPH scavenging and chelating activity on the ferrous ions compared with positive control. The nitric oxide(NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were decreased as we increased the concentration of the mushroom extracts. Significant reduction of paw edema of rats were observed at 2~6 h after treatment of methanol and hot-water extracts with 50 mg/ kg concentration to the rats which are induced acute hind paw edema by carrageenan administration. Therefore, the exper- imental results suggested that methanol and hot-water extracts of Dictyophora indusiata fruiting bodies might be used for natural sources of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the skin whitening activities of methanol extracts from fruiting bodies of I. obliquus and found that the extract of the mushroom treated on B16/F10 melanoma and NIH3T3 cell lines did not show cytotoxic activity.
Abstract: This study was initiated to investigate the skin whitening activities of methanol extracts from fruiting bodies of I. obliquus. The total polyphenols and flavonoids contents of I. obliquus methanol extracts were 31.85 mg/ g and 28.33 mg/g, respectively. The methanol extract of the mushroom treated on B16/F10 melanoma and NIH3T3 cell lines did not show cytotoxic activity. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and chelating activity on ferrous ions of I. obliquus methanol extract were lower than those of positive control, toco- pherol and BHT. The tyrosinase and L-DOPA inhibitory activities of the extract were lower than those of positive control, kojic acid and ascorbic acid. The tyrosinase and melanin synthesis inhibitory activities of the melanoma cells treated with the extract were comparable with positive control, arbutin. The experimental results suggested that methanol extract of I. obliquus contained inhibitory activities of tyrosinase and melanin synthesis in the B16/ F10 melanoma cells by dose dependent manner. High ultra-violet absorption spectra in the range of 280-350 nm showed that I. obliquus extract could protect skin from UV radiation damage. Therefore, fruiting bodies of I. obliq- uus can be used for developing skin whitening, anti-UV and skin care agents.
9 citations
TL;DR: The first Korean white commercial strain `Baek-a` developed by crossing between monokaryons derived from brown strains was a good variety with high quality and high productivity characterized as quite even budding habit, long stipes and hemi-spherical pilei.
Abstract: We made the first Korean white commercial strain `Baek-a` developed by crossing between monokaryons derived from brown strains. This variety can be estimated as the Korea`s indigenous one different from the origin of Japanese white ones. The optimum temperature of mycelial growth was but it needed to adjust to when incubated at the bottle cultivation. The optimum temperatures of fruiting body initiation and development were and , respectively. Fruiting body of `Baek-a` was pure white even developed from crossing with brown strains. `Baek-a` was a good variety with high quality and high productivity characterized as quite even budding habit, long stipes and hemi-spherical pilei. The days for the fruiting was 7 days and the productivity was g per 850 ml. This variety needed high concentration of carbon dioxide and it had to be adjusted up to 4,000 ppm for the good quality.
8 citations
TL;DR: The isolated strain, Pantoea rodasii has great potential to be used as bio-inoculants as revealed by the results of the pot experiment, which could significantly enhance the growth of mung bean plants compared to that of non- inoculated plants.
Abstract: A total of 35 phosphate solubilizing bacterial strains were isolated from waste mushroom bed of Agar- icus bisporus in Buyeo-Gun, Chungnam and screened for the production of indole acetic acid (IAA). The best IAA producing strain was identified as Pantoea rodasii using 16S rRNA analysis. In addition to the IAA production, this strain could act as an efficient phosphate solubilizer (1100 µg ml -1 after 5 days of incubation) also. The selected strain was cultured under different conditions in order to assess the optimum conditions for maximum IAA production. The nutrient broth (NB) medium was recorded as the best medium, where the maximum IAA production (229 µg ml -1 ) was recorded at the start of stationary phase (12 hours after inoculation) of the bacteria growth. The performance of the strain was found to be maximum at the temperature of 30 o C followed by 25 o C. IAA production was found to be increased with increasing tryptophan concentration (from 0.1 to 0.6%), however beyond this limit, a slight reduc- tion in IAA production was observed. The strains' ability to produce IAA was further confirmed by extraction of crude IAA and subsequent TLC analysis. A specific spot from the extracted IAA preparation was found corresponding with the standard spot of IAA with same Rf value. The results of HPLC analysis conducted in identifying and quan- tifying the IAA production more precisely, are in agreement with the results of the assessment done with colorimetric method. As revealed by the results of the pot experiment, the isolated strain could significantly enhance the growth (as measured by shoot and root growth) of mung bean plants compared to that of non-inoculated plants. Therefore it can be concluded that the present strain, Pantoea rodasii has great potential to be used as bio-inoculants.
7 citations
TL;DR: To identify the main species of fungus gnat on the shiitake farm in Korea, the collected samples were determined the sequence of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) by DNA barcoding and the phylogeny based on maximum likelihood analyses from COI sequence showed that Bradysia difformis and B. alpicola were main species.
Abstract: Fungus gnats are usually found in mushroom farm and have recently become important pest because they can cause severe damage and reduce the production on shiitake mushroom. Usually shiitake mushrooms are cultivated on both oak bed logs and in the artificial sawdust beds in greenhouses. Using yellow sticky trap, the dipteran species in shiitake mushroom farm were collected from May to September in Kyonggi-do and Chungcheong-do in 2013. To identify the main species of fungus gnat on the shiitake farm in Korea, the collected samples were determined the sequence of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) by DNA barcoding. The phylogeny based on maximum likelihood analyses from COI sequence showed that Bradysia difformis and B. alpicola were main species of shiitake bed log and Scatopsidae sp. and B. difformis were dominant species of sawdust beds.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a lactic acid bacterium was isolated from button mushroom bed, which is showing high GABAproductivity by TLC or HPLC analysis, and the strain was identified as Lactobacillus hilgardii by analysis of 16S rDNAgene sequence.
Abstract: -Aminobutyric acid(GABA) is a four carbon non-protein amino acid that has several well-known phys-iological functions, such as a postsynaptic inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and induction of hypotensive and tran-quilizer effects. A lactic acid bacterium was isolated from button mushroom bed, which is showing high GABAproductivity by TLC or HPLC analysis. The strain was identified as Lactobacillus hilgardii by analysis of 16S rDNAgene sequence. When the maximum production of GABA by L. hilgardii was investigated with various concentration ofmonosodium glutamate, the yield of GABA reached to be 53.65 mM at 1% mono sodium glutamate (MSG) in flask cul-tivation. A Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) enzyme, which was known to convert MSG to GABA, was purified froma cell-free extract of L. hilgardii and the molecular weights of purified GAD was estimated to 60,000 by SDS-PAGE.The optimum pH and temperature of GAD were at pH4.6 and at 37 o C, respectively. The GAD activity was increasedby the addition of sulfate ions such as ammonium sulfate, sodium sulfate and magnesium sulfate, indicating that theincrease of hydrophobic interaction causes the increase of GAD activity.
6 citations
TL;DR: The mycelium was characterized with respect to temperature, pH, compositions of inorganic, carbon and nitrogen, sources and nitrogen with7 days optimum culture time.
Abstract: : This study was performed to obtain the scientific data an artificial culture of ear mushroom( Auricularia auricula ). Liquid cultural of Auricularia auricula . mycelium was characterized with respect to temperature, pH, compositions of inorganic, carbon and nitrogen. The its optimum temperature and media pH were at 25℃ and pH 5.0 ~ 6.0 on the mycelial growth, respectively. The optimum inorganic compositions and concentration for mycelial growth were MgSO 4 0.05%(w/v) and KH 2 PO 4 0.1%(w/v), respectively. The optimum carbon sources and nitrogen sources were black-sugar 2%(w/v) and soybean powder at 0.3~0.5%(w/v) with7 days optimum culture time.KEYWORDS : Auricularia auricula., carbon sources, nitrogen sources * Corresponding author 서 론 목이는 세계적으로 널리 분포되어 있는 버섯으로 한국, 중국, 일본 등지에서 많이 발생되고 있는 버섯이다(Chen, Hou. 1979). 목이에 대한 분류 체계는 목이목(Auriculariales) 목이과(Auricu-lariaceae) 목이속( Auricularia )에 속하는 목이( Auricularia au-ricula )와 털목이버섯( Auricularia polytriha
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the medicinal effects of various Ganoderma species mycelial extracts were compared and the treatment of G.lucidum ATCC64251 (Taiwan) mycelia extracts most effectively inhibited NO production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cell viability.
Abstract: This study wascarried out to compare the medicinal effects of various Ganoderma species mycelialextracts. Among 6 Ganoderma species mycelial extracts by using 100% MeOH, G . species ASI-7150 showed the highestantioxidant effect. In nitric oxide (NO) production and -hexosaminidase release inhibition assay, the treatment of G.lucidum ATCC64251 (Taiwan) mycelia extracts most effectively inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7cells and -hexosaminidase release. In addition, the treatment of all 6 Ganoderma species mycelial extracts were notaffect on RAW264.7 cell viability. Although this preliminary research has thrown up many questions in need of furtherinvestigation, it will serve as a base for further studies of medicinal effects of various Ganoderma species. KEYWORDS Anti-inflammatory, Anti-allergy, Antioxidant, Ganoderma species 서론 Ganoderma lucidum 을 포함한 영지 속 ( Ganoderma )은 열대, 아열대 및 온대 지방을 포한한 아시아, 유럽북미주 등 전 세계적으로 널리 분포한다. 영지버섯은오래 전부터 한국과 중국, 일본 등 아시아에서 약용버섯으로 취급되고 있다. 현재, 항암, 항종양, 고혈압및 당뇨 등과 관련된 여러 약효와 유효성분이 과학적으로 규명되고 있다 (Chen 등, 1980; Furusawa 등1992). 또한 영지버섯은 영양공급 뿐만 아니라 약리효과도 가지고 있어, 오랜 시간 동안 건강보조식품으로 여겨졌다. 특히 아시아 대부분의 나라에서 약용식품으로 받아들여지고 있다 (조 등, 2012b). 그리고 영지버섯에는 polysaccharide이외에 tritepene, nucleoside,steroid, fatty acid, alkaloid, 단백질, 아미노산, 무기염류 등 다양한 물질들이 함유되어 있고 이 중 고분자 물질 (polysaccharide 등)과 저분자물질(tritepene등)이 다양하다. 저분자물질은 항염증, 항산화, 간세포보호, 항알레르기, 항고혈압, 콜레스테롤 저하 및혈소판 응집 저해 등의 활성이 있다. 고분자물질에포함된 혈압강하, 정혈, 고지혈증 개선, 혈당강하, 면역, 그리고 항종양 등의 효과가 보고되었다 (Shiao 등1994). 특히 polysaccharide의 면역조절 작용에 대한연구가 많이 이루어져, polysaccharide는 lymphocytes의 interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)와 interleukin-12(IL-12) 생산을 증가시키고 IL-4의 생산에는 영향이없는 것으로 보고되었다 (Kohguchi 등 2004). 또한,영지버섯에서 추출한 polysaccharide는 IL-1, Tumornecrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) 및 nitric oxide 생산을 현저히 증가시켜, Th1 반응을 유도하는 효과가보고되었다 (Jiang 등 2003; Zhang 등 1999; Tang 등2004). 그러나 알레르기 질환에 대한 연구보고는 활발하지 못한 실정이다 (Liu 등 2003). 영지버섯은 동일한 종이라도 재배지역과 생육환경에 따라 2차 대사산물 및 생리활성 물질의 함량 차이를 보이는 것으로 보고되고 있다 (조 등, 2012a, 2012b). 따라서 본
5 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of environmental and nutritional requirement such as temperature, pH, different media, carbon, nitrogen, and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio on the mycelial growth of Cordyceps militaris strain Yedang 3 were studied.
Abstract: The effects of environmental and nutritional requirement such as temperature, pH, different media, carbon, nitrogen, and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio on the mycelial growth of Cordyceps militaris strain ‘Yedang 3’ were studied. The optimum temperature and pH for the growth of mycelium were 20-25C and pH 6-7, respectively. Out of ten media tested, mushroom complete media (MCM) was the best medium for fast mycelial growth, and Sabouraud’s dextrose agar yeast extract (SDAY), malt extract yeast extract agar (YMA) also were favored. The color and shape of colonies varied in different media. The best carbon sources for mycelial growth were fructose, mannitol, and sucrose, whereas the best nitrogen sources were tryptone and peptone. However, mycelia grew slowly in inorganic nitrogen compounds such as NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3, and NaNO3. The optimum C:N ratio observed on the culture media was 30-40 range. These results provided basic information on cultural characteristics of vegetative growth and might be useful for spawn production in Cordyceps militaris.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of color of LED at all growth stage, the lightness of cap showed darker in blue and green LED irradiation than that of red and yellow LED, and the activity of anti-oxidant did not showed big differences according to LED wavelength.
Abstract: This study was carried out to elucidate suitable wavelength of light during development of fruit body in Lentinula edodes. The four colors of LED(Light Emitting Diode), blue, green, red and yellow, were irradiated for formation of fruit-body. The effect of color of LED at all growth stage, the lightness of cap showed darker in blue and green LED irradiation than that of red and yellow LED. The longer stipe were resulted in longer wavelength. And the activity of anti-oxidant did not showed big differences according to LED wavelength. We obtained higher commercial yields and lower ratio of abnormal fruit body in green LED than those in control(fluorescent lamp).
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the antioxidant effect and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of methanol extracts from Hypsizygus marmoreus using spectrophotometric methods and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate antioxidant effect and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of methanol extracts from Hypsizygus marmoreus. The Hypsizygus marmoreus was divided into two parts (pileus and stipe) and extracted with methanol. Total polyphenolics and flavonoids in the methanol extracts were measured by spectrophotometric methods and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities have been determined for antioxidant activities. The total polyphenolics and flavonoids contents of methanol extract of the pileus were higher than methanol extract of the stipes. The total polyphenolics contents in methanol extracts of the pileus and stipes were 8.7 ug/mg and 5.6 ug/mg, respectively. The total flavonoids contents in methanol extracts of the pileus and stipes were 2.8 ug/mg and 1.4 ug/mg, respectively. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity was proportional to concentration of methanol extract. The tyro- sinase inhibitory activity of the methanol extract (200 mg/ml) of pileus (66.9%) and stipe (57.97%) was lower than those of positive control 2% arbutin. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the methanol extract (20 mg/ml) of pileus and stipes was 52.55% and 30.35%, respectively. Moreover, the effects of methanol extarcts on cell proliferation of B16BL6 mouse melanoma cells were investigated using WST-1 assay (4-(3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio)-1,3- benzene disulphonate) and B16BL6 mouse melanoma cells treated with methanol extract of 200-2,000 ug/ml were higher proliferation rate than those of 0.04% adenosine.
TL;DR: On the morphological traits of fruit body, mushroom harvested at flush showed smaller difference than those at flush and mushroom stored at indicated more difference than ones at the other temperature, mostly color of pileus in brown button mushroom had lower than white mushroom during storage period.
Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate storage stability of harvested mushroom in developed varieties of button mushroom through identification of quality change during 35 days. The mushroom harvested up to flush mushroom was stored on different storage temperature(4, 7, ) and weight, length, thickness, color of pileus and stipe in fruit body was tested every 7 days. The morphological trait and color of stipe in fruit body were influenced by harvesting period and storage temperature. On the morphological traits of fruit body, mushroom harvested at flush showed smaller difference than those at flush and mushroom stored at indicated more difference than ones at the other temperature. Mostly color of pileus in brown button mushroom had lower (color difference) than white mushroom during storage period. The color of pileus of fruit body in white mushroom had low at whereas that of brown mushroom was low at . The safe period of storage based on the L value is 7 days under a specified environmental condition. `Seolgang` was stored for 14 days as good quality of mushroom, `Saedo` had best quality after harvesting and `Seojeong` was most stable during storage change in white mushroom varieties.
TL;DR: This study investigates the favorable conditions for mycelial growth of P. umbellatus and its symbiotic fungus Armillaria mellea and evaluates the favorable carbon and nitrogen sources for sclerotial formation in dual culture between P. umbrella and A.mellea.
Abstract: Polyporus umbellatus (Syn. Grifola umbellata) is a sclerotium forming mushroom belongs to family Polyporaceae of Polyphorales, Basidiomycota. The sclerotia of P. umbellatus have long been used for traditional medicines in China, Korea and Japan. This study was initiated to obtain the basic data for artificial sclerotial production of P. umbellatus. Here, we investigated the favorable conditions for mycelial growth of P. umbellatus and its symbiotic fungus Armillaria mellea. We also evaluate the favorable carbon and nitrogen sources for sclerotial formation in dual culture between P. umbellatus and A. mellea. The favorable conditions for mycelial growth of P. umbellatus were 20oC and pH 4, while optimal conditions for mycelial growth of A. mellea were 25oC and pH 6. The carbon sources for optimal mycelial growth of P. umbellatus were fructose and glucose, while carbon sources for favorable mycelial growth of A. mellea were also fructose and glucose. The nitrogen sources for favorable mycelial growth P. umbellatus were peptone and yeast extract, while optimal mycelial growth of A. mellea were obtained in peptone and yeast extract. When P. umbellatus and A. mellea were dual cultured on carbon sources, sclerotia were induced on basal media supplemented with glucose, fructose and maltose at pH 4~6, while nitrogen sources inducing sclerotia were basal media supplemented with peptone and yeast extract for 60 days at 20oC under dark condition.
TL;DR: A new variety of Pleurotus eryngii which is named `Gonji No. 8` was bred by mating monokaryotic strain isolated from E085D2 and a monokARYotic strain obtained from the Mushroom Research Institute, Gyeonggi-Do A.R.S.E.
Abstract: A new variety of Pleurotus eryngii which is named `Gonji No. 8` was bred by mating monokaryotic strain isolated from E085D2 and a monokaryotic strain `aerini No.3` obtained from the Mushroom Research Institute, Gyeonggi-Do A.R.E.S. The characteristics of the new variety `Gonji No.8` is as follows. The optimum temperature for mycelium growth was from to on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. For the primodia formation and the growth of fruit bodies, the optimum temperature was from to . The period of spawn running was around 30 days at and the days taken after the removal of the spawn layer to initiate primodia was seven days. The hardness value of fruit body was , which was two times more than that of `Keunneutari No.2`. The yield of `Gonji No.8` was about 133 g per bottle(900cc) and it was same as `Keunneutari No.2`.
TL;DR: The experimental results suggested that methanol and hot-water extracts of Phellinus xeranticus fruiting bodies might be used for good sources of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-ace- tylcholinesterase agents.
Abstract: Phellinus xeranticus is an medicinal mushroom belongs to Family Hymenochaetaceae of Polyporales, Basidiomycota. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of methanol and hot water extracts prepared from fruiting bodies of Phellinus xeranticus. Besides measuring of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, a reducing power and a chelating activity on ferrous ions were also measured to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extracts. To measure the anti-inflammatory activ- ities of the extracts, nitric oxide(NO) production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and carrageenan-induced acute hind paw edema of rats were investigated. The results showed that the extracts have excel- lent DPPH scavenging and chelating activity on the ferrous ions compared with positive controls. The nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were decreased as the concentration of the mushroom extracts increased. Significant reduction of paw edema of rats were observed at 2~6 h after treatment of methanol and hot-water extracts with 50 mg/kg concentration to the rats which are induced acute hind paw edema by carrageenan administration. The anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of the methanol extract of the mushroom showed 83.34% inhibition on AcHE which is lower than that of positive control galanthamine. The experimental results suggested that methanol and hot-water extracts of Phellinus xeranticus fruiting bodies might be used for good sources of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-ace- tylcholinesterase agents.
TL;DR: In this article, the physiological activities and nutrition contents of two strains of Neolentinus lepideus were investigated and the results showed that hot water extract of Solhyang has higher inhibitory activity of amylase and -amyloglucosidase while Gonji No.10 has higher anti-inflammatiory effect.
Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the physiological activities and nutrition contents of Gonji No.10 and Solhyang, the strains of Neolentinus lepideus. In nutritional contents of two strains of N. lepideus, the content of free sugars and sugar alcohols and total polyphenol were more in Gonji No.10 than Solhyang. The total contents of amino acids and -glucan in Solhyang are more than those in Gonji No.10. Solhyang also showed higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than Gonji No.10. In particular, hot water extract of Solhyang has higher inhibitory activity of -amylase and -amyloglucosidase while Gonji No.10 has higher anti-inflammatiory effect than Solhyang. But, they have similar effects on nitrite scavenging activity.
TL;DR: In this article, the neuritogenic activity of hot water extract was evaluated under microscopic observation of neurite outgrowth in PC12h cells and by measuring the neurite length of indu-vidual cell.
Abstract: Hot water soluble extract was prepared from Hericium erinaceus and its neuritogenic activity onPC12h cells was analyzed, which is a clone originating from a rat pheochromocytomon. The moisture content offreeze dried hot water extract was 12.08%. The extract was mainly composed of carbohydrate (51.24%) followedby crude protein (24.04%), crude fat (0.26%), dietary fiber (5.09), and ash (12.18%). Fatty acids, glucan and inor-ganic constituents were found as minor components. The neuritogenic activity of hot water extract was evaluatedunder microscopic observation of neurite outgrowth in PC12h cells and by measuring the neurite length of indu-vidual cell. The extract exhibited strong effect of neurite outgrowth in a dose-dependent manner from 0.01 mg/mLto 1 mg/mL, in which longer neurite outgrowth was observed as the treatment dose increased.KEYWORDS Hericium erinaceus , Hot water extract, Neuritogenic activity, Proximate composition, PC12h cell Introduction Hericium erinaceus
TL;DR: A new variety of oyster mushroom, bred by mating with monokaryons isolated from `Nongmin-59ho` and `MT07156`, which have a long term storage to export in foreign market as well as domestic is developed.
Abstract: The oyster mushroom is a wide cultivar among cultivated edible mushrooms in Korea. But, due to the excess of domestic production, the price has been falling. This study has been conducted to develope new variety oyster mushroom(Pleurotus ostreatus) which have a long term storage to export in foreign market as well as domestic. `Gonji-7ho`, a new variety of oyster mushroom, for the bottle culture, was bred by mating with monokaryons isolated from `Nongmin-59ho` and `MT07156`. In the characteristics of fruit body, pilei were round type and gray and stipes were white color and soft. The fruit body growth was vital and uniform. When fruit-body was stored at 4 degrees after packing with plastic vinyl, storage period was extended 7 days longer than 28 day of chunchu-2ho. The yield was 166 g per a bottle(￠65, 900 ml).
TL;DR: In the vinyl house Yipsaeilho cultivar buried by the soil was delayed about 15days in harvest date compared with Dabak cultivar, and color of fruit body was similar to the result of vinyl house soil reclamation.
Abstract: This study was conducted to develop the log cultivation techniques of the maitake Grifola frondosa. We used two kinds of Grifola frondosa strains for this study. Fully incubated logs were buried into soil directly and were buried with soil inside of container box in 70% shaded vinyl house. In the vinyl house Yipsaeilho cultivar buried by the soil was delayed about 15days in harvest date compared with Dabak cultivar. Color of fruit body of Yipsaeilho cultivar was dark brown and that of Dabak cultivar was grayish brown. Yields of Yipsaeilho cultivar was 15-16 , more than that of Dabak cultivar, 11-13 . In the container box, Yipsaeilho cultivar buried by the soil was also delayed about 5days in harvest date compared with Dabak cultivar. Color of fruit body was similar to the result of vinyl house soil reclamation. But yields difference was not shown between two cultivars, 1.2-1.4 kg/box.
TL;DR: A sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker, designated as OP-S3-1, was designed on the basis of the determined sequence and showed that this SCAR marker can clearly distinguish the psychrophilic strains from the control strains.
Abstract: Genomic DNAs of psychrophilic strains of Pleurotus eryngii were analyzed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) using OP-A, OP-B, OP-L, OP-P, OP-R and OP-S3 primers to develop the strain-specific DNA marker. A unique DNA fragment with the size of 480 bp was yielded by OP-S3 primer from the psychrophilic strain. A sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker, designated as OP-S3-1, was designed on the basis of the determined sequence. The PCR analysis with the OP-S3-1 primer showed that this SCAR marker can clearly distinguish the psychrophilic strains from the control strains.
TL;DR: In this paper, the contents of raw materials which are components of mixed substrate for mushroom cultivation were analyzed to optimize the composition, and the pure protein (amino acid) level of soybean meal was the highest, 44.02% followed by those of soy bean curd residue (31.5%) and cotton seeds meal (30.6%).
Abstract: The contents of raw materials which are components of mixed substrate for mushroom cultivation were analyzed to optimize the composition. The pure protein(amino acid) level of soybean meal was the highest, 44.02% followed by those of soybean curd residue(31.5%) and cotton seeds meal(30.6%). The non protein nitrogen(NPN) contents in crude protein of main nitrogen materials were 2.4% for soybean meal and 5.6% for dried soybean curd residue, while those of wheat bran and rice bran used as the carbon source were relatively higher, 17.6% compared to that of nitrogen supplying media. Crude protein content per price was 6.0 for rapeseed meal, indicating that it is high crude protein content per price. Nitrogen-free extract(NFE) considering as an ingredient for mycelial growth were high in alphacorn(72.9%) and wheat bran B(57.2%). Acid detergent fiber(ADF) was high in corncob, 51.88%, its use for cultivation of brown rot fungi including Lentinus lepideus should pay attention because the fungi lack complete lignin degradation activity.
TL;DR: Analysis of the genetic characteristics of the new cultivar ‘Seolsong’ showed a different DNA profile as that of the control strains, Keunneutari No. 2, Aeryni 3 and ASI 2844, when RAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) primer URP4 wasused.
Abstract: To develop a new cultivar of king oyster mushroom( Pleurotus eryngii ), G09-21 as parental strain wasselected by the method of Di-mon crossing between monokaryotic strain ASI 2824-21 derived from ASI 2824(Keun-neutari No. 2) and dikaryotic strain ASI 2887(Aeryni 3). The Pe21-53(G09-21-10 x ASI 2844-9) was shown the bestcultural characteristics, selected to be a new cultivar and designated as ‘Seolsong’. The ‘Seolsong’ was distinctly formedincompatibility line in the confrontation growth of parental strains Keunneutari No. 2, Aeryni 3 and ASI 2844. Analysisof the genetic characteristics of the new cultivar ‘Seolsong’ showed a different DNA profile as that of the control strains,Keunneutari No. 2, Aeryni 3 and ASI 2844, when RAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) primer URP4 wasused. The optimum temperature and pH arrange for mycelial growth were 25~30 o C and pH 5~8, respectively. This newcultivar ‘Seolsong’ of fruiting body production per bottle was about 131.4 43.1 g which is about 102% quantity com-pared to that of other cultivar Keunneutari No. 2. And also the stipe is thick and long, but the number of availablestipe is few. Particularly, it was tolerant of high moisture above 90% during the growth period after primodia for-mation. We therefore expect that this new strain will save of labor and cost of cultivation by without culling work.KEYWORDS
TL;DR: The effects of fixed and variable relative humidity on fruiting body formation and characters of Pleurotus eryngii were investigated with normal and thinning treatment plots and the condition I will be more largely adopted by mushroom farmers.
Abstract: The effects of fixed and variable relative humidity on fruiting body formation and characters of Pleurotus eryngii were investigated with normal and thinning treatment plots. In fixed relative humidity, as humidity was lower, period of harvest was longer as well as days for pinheading in the both of normal and thinning plots. In the normal plot, qualities of mushroom were 5.5, 5.8, and 6.3 and yield was 98.6 g per bottle for 90% relative humidity, it was best. In the thinning plot, qualities of mushroom were 7.7, 8.4, and 8.5 and yields were 102.1, 105.8, and 116.9 g at 70, 80, and 90% respectively. In variable relative humidity with a thinning plot, the yield of P. eryngii on condition I(>90% for 1 day → 85% until thinning(for about 11 days) → 80%) and III(>90% until pin-heading(about for a week) → 85% until thinning(about for 5 days) → 80%) were 85.5 and 87.8 g per bottle, and qualities were 7.8 and 8.0 respec- tively. For long shelf life and a cultural control of bacterial soft rot disease, the condition I will be more largely adopted by mushroom farmers.
TL;DR: Results indicated that Sarcodon aspratus can enhance type-1 helper T cell-mediated cellular immunity and also, S.aspratus seems to be one of the most useful mushrooms for immunomedicine.
Abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the immunomodulatory capacity of edible mushrooms, including Sarcodon aspratus , Letinus edodes and Grifola frondosa in mice. BALB/c mice were administered 50, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight of various mushrooms five times a week over 4 weeks through oral administration. The control micewere administered distilled water. No significant changes in body weight were observed. IL-4 and IFN productionwas evaluated with splenic T lymphocytes stimulated in vitro with phytohemagglutinins for 48 hr. The mice groupadministered Sarcodon aspratus, Grifola frondosa tend to higher ratio of IFN versus IL-4 than the other groups. Inaddition, the ratio of plasma IgG2a versus IgG1 was also elevated in mice treated with Sarcodon aspratus . Theseresults indicated that Sarcodon aspratus can enhance type-1 helper T cell-mediated cellular immunity. And also, S.aspratus seems to be one of the most useful mushrooms for immunomedicine.KEYWORDS A nticancer, IL-4, immunomodulator, mushroom, IFN
TL;DR: Mycelial growth by different quantity of LED lighting in different media composition of wood chip media indicated highest trend in the Korean pine treatment groups, and all red wavelength treatment groups found highest mycelia growth tendency.
Abstract: As a result of advenced research, Penicillium growth inhibition effect in media of cauliflower mushroom by different LED lighting color inhibited all treated groups, but blue wavelength treatment group was unfitted for culture of cauliflower mushroom due to lots of spore of penicillium. So, to investigated characteristics of mycelial growth of cauliflower mushroom according to different LED wavelength and LED wavelength color. As a results, all red wavelength treatment groups found highest mycelial growth tendency. Thus, mycelial growth investigated different quantity of red lighting wavelength conditions. The quantity of lighting wavelength was low intention, 1.41 treatment group found highest mycelial growth. Effects of mycelial growth by subculture found difference of statistical in one time to carry out a subculture treatment group. Mycelial growth by different quantity of LED lighting in different media composition of wood chip media indicated highest trend in the Korean pine treatment groups. To cultured treatment group for 84th days found difference of statistical, when a quantity of LED lighting red wavelength 2.11 treated in wood chip of the Korean pine media. In conclusion, good culture condition of cauliflower mushroom estimated quantity of red lighting wavelength 2.11 in wood chip media of the Korean pine for 84th days.
TL;DR: In this article, the basic study on morphological characteristics and artificial cultivation method of Poria cocos with pine tree log buried under ground were initiated by Rural Development Administration, and the new cultivation methods of P. cocos developed by Gyeongbuk Agricultural Research and Extension Services (GARES) was to change traditional cultivation method from under ground to above ground cultivation house, and shortened cultivation period by half, and improved the quality of the sclerotia.
Abstract: The cultivation of Poria cocos on tree-stumps and logs, was first described at the beginning of the 13th century. Poria cocos has been used for medicinal purposes to treat physical and mental recuperation, promote diuresis, forgetfulness and physical weakening. The artificial cultivation techniques of P. cocos was reported in China in 1957. are reported. The basic study on morphological characteristics and artificial cultivation method of Poria cocos with pine tree log buried under ground were initiated by Rural Development Administration. To widen the utilization of harvested sclerotia of Poria cocos as new food stuffs, powder of the sclerotia were used for producing new soft drinks and supplemented to wheat flour to make functional bread. Last 30 years, the supply of P. cocos in Korea through cultivation could not meet the domestic demand, Korea collected P. cocos in the mountainous areas and also import the sclerotia from China. Since the domestic demand of the sclerotia in China increased, the price of imported sclerotia of P. cocos also increased. Recently, high-quality and high-yielding cultivation methods were developed in Gyeongbuk Agricultural Research and Extension Services (GARES). The new cultivation methods of P. cocos developed by GARES was to change traditional cultivation method from under ground to above ground cultivation house, and shortened cultivation period by half, and improved the quality of the sclerotia. Therefore, it is suggested that advanced new technology for production of sclerotia of P. cocos from under ground and above ground must be developed for fullfil the domestic demand of the sclerotia.
TL;DR: In this article, the anti-browning treatments were sprayed by 0.5% solu-tion of Sporix sporix(Sodium polyphosphate and ClO 2 gas) and the weight loss ratio was increased with increasing shelf period and temperature.
Abstract: Pleurotus eryngii is one of the main export items in Korean mushroom industry. Whole mushrooms werepacked with 30 um polypropylene anti-fog film without trimming. The range of package weight and oxygen permeabilityof film were 400 g and 2000 c/m 2 , 24 h,atm, respectively. The anti-browning treatments were sprayed by 0.5%(w/w) solu-tion of Sporix Sporix(Sodium polyphosphate and ClO 2 gas The weight loss ratio was increased with increasing shelf periodand temperature. There were no big differences in weight loss ratio according to browning inhibitors. In case of ClO 2 treatment, the hardness and lightness of stem was showed higher than other treatment for shelf period. As results of fresh-ness, the optimum browning inhibitor of P. eryngii was ClO 2 treatment and the shelf life was extended 36days at 10~15 o C. KEYWORDS Browning Inhibitor, Pleurotus eryngii , Postharvest, Shelf-life 서론큰느타리버섯은 비교적 저장성이 우수하여 네덜란드, 캐나다 등 유럽과 미주대륙으로 수출되고있는 주요 수출 품목이다(2012, 농수산물무역정보). 수출 버섯은 농가에서 출하하여 수출국 현지까지 약 30일이상 저온 컨테이너 선박 운송된 후 유통 판매기간까지 총 40여일이 소요되므로 장기 저온 운송 후 저온에서 유통되지 않을 경우 조직이 물러지거나 갈변증상 등으로 품질저하가 문제시 된다(황 등, 2012). 이에, 농가출하에서 소비까지 신선도를 유지하기 위해서는 저온저장 후 상온에 노출되었을 때 신선도가 장기간 유지되는 수확 후 관리 기술에 관한 연구가 시급한 실정이다. 버섯은 다른 농산물보다 수확 후 생리활성이 높아(Hardenbur