Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh 

About: Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Medicine & Internal medicine. It has an ISSN identifier of 2410-8030. It is also open access. Over the lifetime, 43 publications have been published receiving 1 citations. The journal is also known as: JNINB.

Status of Anxiety Disorders among Elderly People in a Selected Urban Area in Bangladesh

Abstract: Background: Anxiety disorders are reported in the different age group of people in the urban area. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine the level of anxiety disorder among urban elderly people. Methodology: This cross-sectional community based study was carried out from January to December 2016 at Bakolia, Chawkbazar urban area of Chittagong, Bangladesh.The individuals who were aged 60 years and above were interviewed by using convenient sampling. Face to face interview was done with semi structural questionnaire. Results: Out of 300 respondents female respondents were higher in number which was 168(56%) respondents; however, 71.7%, respondents were in 60 to 69 age groups. Majority of respondents did not have any income which was 72(60.0%) subjects. Most of the respondents were suffering from hypertension which was 198(66.0%) respondents. In urban areas 82(27.3%) subjects did not have anxiety disorder, while 133(44.3%) respondents had mild anxiety disorder, 63 (21.0%) respondents had moderate and 22 (7.3%) respondents had severe anxiety disorder. Furthermore, 192 (64.0%) respondents who were concerned about their finance had anxiety disorder. 160 (53.3%) were concerned about their health had anxiety disorder. Conclusion: In conclusion majority urban dwelling elderly people are suffering from anxiety disorders. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2021, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 137-141

Safety and Efficacy of Misoprostol for the Management of Early Pregnancy Loss: A Non-Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract: Background: Management of early pregnancy loss is very crucial for the safety of women. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the safety and efficacy of misoprostol for the management of early pregnancy loss. Methodology: This non-randomized clinical trial was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital, Bogra, Bangladesh from January 2007 to December 2007 for a period of 12 months. Women with early pregnancy loss who were fulfilling the selection criteria were selected as the study population during the study period. On admission all women were received a vaginal administration of 800 μg misoprostol by digital insertion into the posterior fornix through a speculum (4 tablets of 200 μg misoprostol). The interval between administration of misoprostol and expulsion of product of conception was recorded. After 7 days (8th day) they were instructed to come to the hospital to see the completeness of expulsion of product of conception by ultrasonography. If sonography shows incomplete expulsion then surgical evacuation was done. Every woman were advised to come for follow-up on 15th day. Results: A total of 200 women with first-trimester pregnancy loss were non-randomly assigned to give treatment with misoprostol. The mean with the SD of the study population was 24.95±4.17 years. In most cases expulsion occurred within 24 hours of application of misoprostol, 142(71.0%) cases completed expulsion within 48 hours, 168(84.0%) cases within 7 days, 170(85.0%) cases out of 200 cases completed expulsion occurred. Complete evacuation after the first dose was in 142(71.0%) cases and remained incomplete was 58(29.0%) cases. After administration of the second dose (85.0%) complete evacuation occurred and 30(15.0%) cases remained complete that needed surgical evacuation. Analysis was reveled statistically significant (P<0.05). Vaginal misoprostol treatment appeared to be well tolerated. Only few percent shows mild side effects. About 190(95.0%) cases required no blood transfusion. Conclusion: In conclusion the efficacy of misoprostol for the management of early pregnancy loss gives a good results with minimum adverse events. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2022;8(2):152-156

Efficacy of Low Intensity Laser Therapy for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Experience of 54 Cases in Bangladesh

Abstract: Background: Management of the carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is very crucial for the clinical outcomes of the patients. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of low intensity laser therapy (LILT) for the management of carpal tunnel syndrome patients. Methodology: This single centered, parallel, single blinded randomized control trial was conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2019 to June 2019 for a period of six months. All the Nerve Conduction Study (NCS) test confirmed cases of CTS patients with the age group of more than 18 years in both male and female were selected as study population. Patients who received regular nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or corticosteroids, patients treated with therapeutic modalities before, acute wrist trauma and surgery, cervical radiculopathy, thoracic outlet syndrome, tumor or infectious diseases, pregnancy, and any serious heart, liver or kidney diseases were excluded from this study. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups designed as group A and group B. The assignment was done with single blind method. Group A underwent laser therapy (3 Joules/cm2, 50 Hz, 2 min) over the carpal tunnel area. Group B were treated with conventional method. All patients received therapy for a total of 14 sessions, first 7 sessions on consecutive 7 days, and last 7 sessions on alternate days. Patients also used a wrist splint each night, practiced therapeutic exercises for CTS, and followed ADL advices. Patients were assessed according to BCTQ, Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire. Result: Male-Female distribution was 9% & 91% respectively. Total score of SSS was 26.35±5.94 and 13.70±1.78 in baseline and after 6 weeks follow up respectively (p < 0.001) in group A. In group B, total score of SSS was 28.19 ±7.35 and 18.22 ± 5.63 in baseline and after 6 weeks follow up respectively (p < 0.001). In group A, FSS was initially 18.1, which was improved to 9.15 in 6 weeks; whereas in group B, FSS was improved from 18.86 to 11.25. The pain, numbness and paresthesia also significantly changed after 6 weeks follow up in laser therapy group. Conclusion: Low intensity laser therapy has superior clinical effectiveness at 6 weeks compared with night-resting splints in mild or moderate CTS. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2021, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 103-107

Evaluation of Cone-beam Computed Tomography to differentiate Odontogenic Periapical Cysts and Granulomas

Abstract: Background: Cone-beam Computed Tomography is a useful diagnostic tools for the detection of odontogenic peripheral cysts and granulomas. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to assess the accuracy of CBCT for diagnosing periapical cyst and granuloma. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2017 to November 2017. Following inclusion and exclusion criteria consecutive patients who were consult in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery of Dhaka Dental College Hospital and Bangabandhu Seikh Mujib Medical University for periapical infection was selected. Only those patients showing a periapical lesion of minimum 5 mm size was included in the study subject. Intra-oral periapical radiograph showing criteria was presence of apical radiolucency of 5 mm, corticated borders and displacements of roots. The CBCT images were done for those patients. The following features were documented on CBCT like location at the apex of involved tooth, well defined corticated border, shape is curved or circular, internal structure of lesion is radiolucent, displacement and resorption of the roots of adjacent teeth with a curved outline and perforation of cortical plate. Histopathological specimens were obtained for microscopic examination. The findings of histopathological examinations were correlated with the findings of CBCT. Results: Out of 50 subjects, 41(82.0%) subjects were diagnosed as cyst and 9(18.0%) subjects were as granuloma. Postoperative histopathology revealed 37 out of 41 were cysts and 4 were granulomas. Out of 9 granulomas 3 were cysts and 6 were granulomas. In this study we found the PPV 90.2439 and NPV 66.66. Diagnostic Accuracy was measured by calculating TP, TN and total population. The accuracy was 86%. Conclusion: In conclusion Cone-beam Computed Tomography has high accuracy of CBCT for diagnosing periapical cyst and granuloma. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2022;8(2):171-174

Efficacy and Safety of Misoprostol for Prevention of Post-Partum Haemorrhage: A Comparative Study

Abstract: Background: Post-partum haemorrhage condition is a serious condition after delivery. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the efficacy and safety of misoprostol for the prevention of post-partum haemorrhage. Methodology: This analytic cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh from January 2006 to June 2006 for a period of six months. Pregnant women who were admitted in MMCH during the above period and were expected to have vaginal delivery and women at term with singleton pregnancy were included as study population. Women were divided into 2 groups. Women were in the group A who were treated with misoprostol and women who were treated with oxytocin were in group B. Blood loss during delivery was estimated subjectively by the attending obstetrician. Results: A total number of 100 women were recruited for this study of which 50 women were in the group A and the rest of 50 women were in group B. In this study majority of the patients were belonged to age group 20 to 25 years in both the groups. In oxytocin group 2.0% have developed nausea, 4.0% patients have developed shivering. None have developed vomiting, diarrhoea, temperature. In misoprostol group 10.0% patients have developed nausea, 18.0% patients have developed shivering, 4.0% patients have developed rise of temperature, none have developed diarrhoea, vomiting. The differences were statistically significant. In this study 4.0% patients from oxytocin group and 2.0% patient from misoprostol group required blood transfusion. Conclusion: In conclusion less amount of blood loss is found in misoprostol group than oxytocin group. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2021, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 152-155