Journal of pharmaceutical research international 

About: Journal of pharmaceutical research international is an academic journal published by Sciencedomain International. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Medicine & Internal medicine. It has an ISSN identifier of 2456-9119. It is also open access. Over the lifetime, 854 publications have been published receiving 143 citations.

Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis: Review

Abstract: In atherosclerosis, apolipoprotein B-lipoproteins in blood artery matrix attract monocytes, which become macrophages and dendritic cells. Macrophages generated from recruited monocytes cause a maladaptive, non-resolving inflammatory response that increases subendothelial layer. Some lesions cause myocardial infarction, stroke, and sudden cardiac death. Modern atherosclerosis research focuses on the molecular biology of atherogenesis, although the disease's complex pathophysiology is still unknown. The goal of this research is to examine the mechanisms of atherosclerosis development, such as endothelial dysfunction, fatty streak formation, fibrous plaque formation, and plaque rupture (Fig. 1.). This article takes a thorough look at the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, addressing the pathological and biochemical mechanisms of atherosclerotic plaque development and growth. Atherosclerosis pathogenesis and disease development are the primary topics of discussion in this review, which focuses on the disease's particular targets.

Analysis of Determinants of Neonatal Mortality in Afar and Somalia Regions, Ethiopia

Abstract: Background: Children face the highest risk of dying in their first month of life. Ethiopia is one of the sub-Saharan countries with highest newborn deaths. Afar and Somalia regions in Ethiopia are among the regions with high death rates of newborn children. This study aimed to analyse and identify determinants of neonatal mortality in Afar and Somalia regions, Ethiopia. Methods: This study used 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data for the analysis. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the significant determinants of neonatal mortality. Adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and p-value < 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression model was reported to declare the statistical significance and strength of association between neonatal mortality and determinants. Results: A total of 2567 newborn children were included in this study. Mortality rate among newborns in the first month was 41 per 1000 live births in Afar and Somalia regions. Health facility delivery (AOR: 0.634; 95% CI: 0.409–0.982), being female (AOR: 0.206; 95% CI: 0.073–0.528), multiple births (AOR: 3.958; 95% CI: 2.293–11.208), small size at birth (AOR: 1.208; 95% CI: 1.003–1.728), secondary and above educational level of mothers (AOR: 0.484; 95% CI: 0.294–0.797) were statistically significant determinants neonatal mortality. Conclusions: In this study, sex of child, place of delivery, birth type, size at birth, mother’s educational level were found to be statistically significant determinants of neonatal death in Afar and Somalia regions, Ethiopia. Mothers with no education should be given health education and institutional delivery should be encouraged to improve the survival of the neonates in Afar and Somalia regions, Ethiopia.

Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic and Analgesic Activities of Ethanol Extract of Seriphidium kurramenses

Abstract: Seriphidium kurramenses traditionally medicinal plant usually not present in Pakistan is used in different biological activities to cure various ailments. However, scare studies are present on S. kurramenses regarding to its medicinal importance to treat fever, inflammation and pain. The purpose of present study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects of S. kurramenses stem and leaves in ethanolic extract on albino rats. Methodi anti-inflammatory actions were evaluated by injecting carrageenan in rats which caused edema. S. kurramenses produced significant (P<0.005) reduction in edema at 200 and 50mg/kg doses with respective percentages (90, 81%) of leaf and stem extract as compared to standard (diclofenac, 90%) and control (normal saline, 100%) groups. Meanwhile, antipyretic activity was examined by inducing brewer’s yeast in albino rats which induced pyrexia. S. kurramenses showed significant reduction (P<0.005) at different doses of ethanolic extract (50mg/kg, 50mg/kg) with respective percentages of leaf (95%) and stem extract (100%) as compared to standard (brewer’s yeast 81%) and control groups (normal saline 100%). Similarly, analgesic test was assessed by injecting acetic acid which induced writhing movements and these movements were reduced (>0.005) at different doses of ethanolic extract (400mg/kg, 400mg/kg) with respective percentages of leaf and stem extracts (52%, 56%) as compared to standard (diclofenac, 48%) and control groups (100%). It is concluded that the extract of S. kurramenses exhibit significant (P<0.005) results in case of anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities but insignificant (>0.005) in analgesic activity.

Significance of ISO 10993 Standards in Ensuring Biocompatibility of Medical Devices: A Review

Abstract: This review paper aims to highlight the crucial role of ISO 10993 standards in ensuring the biocompatibility of medical devices. The use of medical devices has increased rapidly over the years, and it is essential to ensure that these devices do not cause adverse reactions or harm to patients. Biocompatibility testing is a critical aspect of medical device development and is mandated by regulatory bodies worldwide. ISO 10993 standards provide guidelines for evaluating the biocompatibility of medical devices, which includes various tests such as cytotoxicity, sensitization, and irritation. This paper discusses the importance of biocompatibility testing, the different types of ISO 10993 tests, and the challenges faced by the medical device industry in implementing these standards. The review also emphasizes the significance of appropriate material selection, manufacturing processes, and sterilization methods to ensure the biocompatibility of medical devices. Ultimately, the paper highlights the importance of adhering to ISO 10993 standards in designing safe and effective medical devices that benefit patients and healthcare providers alike.

Implementing a Risk-Based Approach to Quality Management System ISO-13485 Processes in Compliance with EUMDR 2017/745 for Medical Device Industry

Abstract: The European Union Medical Device Regulation (EUMDR 2017/745) requires medical device manufacturers to implement a risk-based approach to quality management system (ISO13485) processes. This article provides an overview of the importance of QMS processes in the medical device industry and explains the need to implement a risk-based approach to comply with EUMDR. Implementing a Risk-Based Approach to Quality Management System ISO-13485 Processes in Compliance with EUMDR 2017/745 for Medical Device Industry discusses the steps involved in implementing a risk-based approach to QMS processes, including identifying potential risks, evaluating and prioritizing risks, developing and implementing risk mitigation strategies, and monitoring and continuously improving QMS processes. Additionally, the article highlights the benefits of adopting a risk-based approach, such as improved product safety and efficacy, enhanced regulatory compliance, improved customer satisfaction, and cost savings. It also addresses the challenges in implementing a risk-based approach, including a lack of resources and expertise, resistance to change, and limited understanding of risk management principles. Overall, this article emphasizes the importance of a risk-based approach to QMS processes in the medical device industry to ensure the safety and effectiveness of medical devices and comply with regulatory requirements.