Showing papers in "Journal of Physical Therapy Science in 2002"
TL;DR: Using the Japanese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (JMBI), various factors associated with burnout among physiotherapists from the prefecture of Ishikawa in Japan are investigated and the results were analysed to understand the relationship among these factors.
Abstract: Professionals working in human-related services have been found to suffer burnout to an increasing degree, which, in turn, affects their work performance, and the reason for it is often due to excessive work-related pressure. Using the Japanese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (JMBI), this study investigated various factors associated with burnout among physiotherapists from the prefecture of Ishikawa in Japan, and the results were analysed to understand the relationship among these factors. Out of 243 practising physiotherapists surveyed throughout the prefecture, 163 met the established criteria for inclusion in the study. The scores for personal accomplishment were significantly lower than those of physiotherapists in the United States, but significantly higher than nurses in Japan (p<0.001). The factor analyses revealed that statements belonging to each factor described the specific concepts. A positive correlation was demonstrated between Factor 4 and age of the therapist and Factor 4 and therapist's number of years of practice (p<0.05), Factors 2 and 4 and the number of years at present employment (p<0.01), and Factor 4 and the therapist's time spent for clients (p<0.01). As for the gender difference for the JMBI, male respondents' scores were high for Factors 2 and 4 (p<0.01). Possible reasons for and implications of these findings are discussed in terms of recognition of the factors which contribute to burnout.
31 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that gait performance of daily physical activity at home was generally related with exercise endurance in ambulatory post-stroke hemiplegia.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between daily physical activity and physical fitness in twenty ambulatory post-stroke patients. The pedometric measurement was made using a caloriecounter in daily life at home and assessed to quantify the time constant (τ on) of oxygen uptake (VO2) and oxygen deficit with gas analysis using a bicycle ergometer. There were negative correlations between the amount of daily walking steps and τ on, as well as the oxygen deficit at the onset of exercise (τ on; r=-0.52, p<0.05, oxygen deficit ; r=-0.61, p<0.01 ), and positive correlations between the amount of daily walking steps and peak VO2, as well as the maximal work load with gas analysis (peakVO2; r=0.61, p<0.01, maximal work load ; r=0.69, p<0.01 ). These results suggest that gait performance of daily physical activity at home was generally related with exercise endurance in ambulatory post-stroke hemiplegia.
26 citations
TL;DR: This study provides strong support for the discriminant validity of grip strength measurements but only weak support for their predictive validity in acute rehabilitation.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the discriminant and predictive validity of grip strength measurements obtained dynamometrically from patients in acute rehabilitation. Retrospective chart reviews were performed to retrieve information on admission grip strength. That strength was compared to published norms to establish discriminant construct validity. Predictive validity was investigated by analyzing the relationship of grip strength with rehabilitation length of stay (LOS) and discharge self-care function (Functional Independence Measure scores). Wilcoxon signed ranks tests showed that the patients' grip strength was significantly less than normal on both their left (Z=-9.205, p<.001) and right (Z=-10.729, p<.001) sides. Grip strength was a significant but weak predictor of both LOS (Spearman rho=-0.277 to -0.352) and discharge function (Spearman rho=0.360 to 0.382) Multiple regression revealed that grip strength added nothing further to the prediction of LOS or discharge self-care function once admission self-care function was taken into account. This study provides strong support for the discriminant validity of grip strength measurements but only weak support for their predictive validity in acute rehabilitation.
24 citations
TL;DR: It was hypothesized that a significant change in PImax and PEmax would occur with alteration of the body position in healthy persons, but this was proven negative; the findings were similar to those found for people with chest pathologies.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether body positioning would bring about any change in inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength expressed in terms of maximal negative inspiratory pressure (P Imax) and maximal positive expiratory pressure (PEmax). The PImax and PEmax measurements were carried out on 20 participants in sitting, half lying, `slumped' half lying, supine lying, right side lying, and left side lying. The one-way analysis of variance showed that PImax and PEmax values were within normal range for all positions. It was hypothesized that a significant change in PImax and PEmax would occur with alteration of the body position in healthy persons, but this was proven negative. The findings were similar to those found for people with chest pathologies; that is, the highest PImax and PEmax values were evident in the more erect positions than recumbent positions. Possible reasons and implications for such findings are discussed in terms of the force of gravity acting on the thoracic cage in various body positions and the length-tension relationship of both the inspiratory and expiratory muscles.
13 citations
TL;DR: Results show that low-intensity endurance training produces energy efficiency of oxygen uptake kinetics and improves the physical fitness of ambulatory hemiparetic stroke patients.
Abstract: Hemiparetic stroke patients have both decreased oxygen consumption and low endurance to exercise. This study examined their physical fitness to quantify the initial deficit and change in oxygen uptake kinetics (VO2 kinetics) during inpatients rehabilitation following stroke. Twenty-nine ambulatory hemiparetic stroke patients were treated in an 8-week program of low intensity aerobic exercise. They undertook a bicycle ergometer test with gas analysis before and after the exercise program to obtain maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 peak), maximum work load (max WR), and VO2 kinetics data. The time constant (τon) and O2 deficit on constant load after exercise training were significantly lower than those in initial measurement by 17% and 10%, respectively. On the incremental load, VO2 peak and max WR were significantly increased by 16% and 17% respectively and ΔVO 2/ΔWR was decreased by 11%. These results show that low-intensity endurance training produces energy efficiency of oxygen uptake kinetics and improves the physical fitness of ambulatory hemiparetic stroke patients.
13 citations
TL;DR: The number of mechanoreceptors were significantly decreased in the Suspension group compared with the Control group (median 17) (Mann Whitney U test; Z=-2.65, P<0.01).
Abstract: In this study, the effect of weightlessness on mechanoreceptors in ACL was investigated in rats with hindlimb suspension. The animals used in the present study were 20 Wistar male rats (weight: 278 ± 16 g). The animals were divided into 2 groups: the Suspension group (n=10, suspended for 4 weeks) and Control group (n=10, non-suspended for 4 weeks). ACL was stained with gold chloride. The frozen section was sliced to be approximately 45 μm in thickness using a cryostat. The tissue preparations were observed through an optical microscope. Based on the criteria proposed by Freeman and Wyke, mechanoreceptor was specified and counted. Four types of nerve endings, Pacinian corpuscle, Ruffini corpuscle, Golgi tendon organ-like receptor, and free nerve ending were observed. In the Susupension group, atypical Pacinian corpuscle, and Ruffini corpuscle were observed. The number of mechanoreceptors were significantly decreased in the Suspension group (median 10) compared with the Control group (median 17) (Mann Whitney U test; Z=-2.65, P<0.01). It might be necessary to perform also to early rehabilitation to prevent the degeneration of mechanoreceptors and take into consideration the nerve control system in the clinical setting.
11 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that denervation elicits an alteration in fiber type composition and a reduction in fiber size, which takes a much longer time to recover than the reinnervation, which took the crucial role of recovering from atrophy and composing the integrity of the soleus muscles.
Abstract: To investigate the effect of denervation and subsequent reinnervation on skeletal muscle, a histochemical study was performed on the soleus muscles of rats. Partial denervation was carried out by freezing the sciatic nerve locally, and the change in the nerve and the soleus muscles was examined for 5 weeks. The muscle fiber cross-sectional area of the denervated soleus muscles progressively declined to a minimum 2 weeks after the injury (type I fibers, 1209.1 ± 248.3 μm2; type II fibers, 802.4 ± 126.8 μm2) and began to reverse the decline at 3 weeks. The type II fiber ratios to total fiber of the denervated sides were consistently higher than the control levels, and muscle fibers stained in both acid preincubation and alkaline preincubation were observed. The proportion of type II fibers in the soleus muscles showed an increase and consequently a decrease with a short delay in response to denervation and consequent reinnervation. These data suggest that denervation elicits an alteration in fiber type composition and a reduction in fiber size. The increase of type II fibers seemed to occur in hybrid fibers containing both myosin heavy chains I and II at varying ratios in the same fibers. The reinnervation took the crucial role of recovering from atrophy and composing the integrity of the soleus muscles. However, the ability to generate muscle tension needs a much longer time to recover. This suggests a need to investigate interventions to facilitate the functional recovery of partially-denervated muscle.
10 citations
5 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that exercise intolerance, seen in these CHF patients, is related to both respiratory pattern and the maximal muscular strength of legs.
Abstract: The main symptom of chronic heart failure (CHF) is dyspnea and leg fatigue on exercise, demonstrating a decrease in exercise capacity. However, the precise mechanisms of these symptoms are not fully understood. The existence of a relationship between exercise tolerance and respiratory pattern and muscular strength of legs in patients with CHF has not been demonstrated. In this study, therefore, we measured these parameters to clarify the factors which relate to exercise tolerance in CHF patients. Subjects were fifty-four consecutive patients (37 men and 17 women, mean age 53 years) with CHF who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing at our hospital from February 1999 to September 2000. Peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) and respiratory pattern (TV/RR; tidal volume/respiratory rate) were evaluated. The strength of quadriceps was also measured. The respiratory pattern was weak but significantly correlated with peak VO2 (r=0.27, p<0.05). Maximal isometric strength of quadriceps showed a tendency to correlate with peak VO2 (r=0.25, p=0.06). These findings suggest that exercise intolerance, seen in these CHF patients, is related to both respiratory pattern and the maximal muscular strength of legs.
5 citations
TL;DR: The results were that the values measured with dentures were significantly greater than those without dentures, and it is considered that these data support the assumption that this phenomenon resulted from improved strength of the masseter muscle and occlusal force brought about by wearing dentures.
Abstract: We reported previously on the necessity of the elderly wearing dentures while they take physical therapy, because of improved maximum muscular strength and agility under biting with dentures compared to without dentures. We assumed that this phenomenon resulted from improved strength of the masseter muscle and occlusal force brought about by wearing dentures. In order to corroborate our assumption, we selected eight elderly subjects (age: 71-98; mean age: 83.9) and measured the soleus H (Hoffman wave) reflex as an index of excitability in the spinal cord motor neuron pool, activity of the masseter muscle, and occlusal force of incisors under biting with and without dentures, so as to examine changes in the measured parameters. The results were that the values measured with dentures were significantly greater than those without dentures. We consider that these data support our assumption.
5 citations
TL;DR: VMO, VML and AM muscle activity may be altered by knee rotation position during isometric knee extension effort because of the difference in the muscle activities between internally rotated, neutral, and externally rotated knee joint positions.
Abstract: Background and Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the muscle activities of the Vastus Medialis Oblique (VMO), Vastus Medialis Longus (VML), Vastus Lateralis Oblique (VLO) and Vastus Lateralis Longus (VLL) with internally rotated, neutral, and externally rotated knee joint positions during isometric knee extension strength effort at 60° of knee flexion. Subjects: Seven healthy males, aged 24 to 34 years (29.3 ± 4.1), participated in this study. Methods: The subjects performed isometric knee extension with internally rotated, neutral, and externally rotated knee positions. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was detected using bipolar fine wire electrodes and was recorded from VMO, VML, VLO, VLL and the Adductor Magnus (AM). Results: The normalized integrated EMG (IEMG) of VMO, VML and AM were significantly greater in the internally rotated knee position than in the neutral knee position. The normalized IEMG of the VLO and VLL were not significantly different at each knee position. Discussion and Conclusion: VMO, VML and AM muscle activity may be altered by knee rotation position during isometric knee extension effort.
TL;DR: It is shown that three factors, namely age, initial motor function, and decreasing activity, are important to estimate the physical therapy outcomes in physically disabled schizophrenic patients.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to attempt to classify physically disabled schizophrenic patients from the aspect of the physical therapy outcome, and to utilize this classification for the establishment of guidelines and therapeutic strategies in these patients. A cluster analysis was performed to evaluating patient's psychosis according to an original psychosis assessment scale. The final motor function was assumed as the physical therapy outcome, and putative influencing factors were obtained. Herein we show that three factors, namely age, initial motor function, and decreasing activity, are important to estimate the physical therapy outcomes in these patients. Considering these factors, together with an assessment of the psychosis of the patients, we have classified physically disabled schizophrenic patients into three types to achieve the best therapeutic outcome of their physical therapy.
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence on body sway in standing of changes in visual information by view and saccade stimulation was investigated, which suggests a decrease in the relative quality of information of objects in periphery vision.
Abstract: The present study was designed to investigate the influence on body sway in standing of changes in visual information by view and saccade stimulation. Subjects were seven healthy adults. In Experiment 1, participants maintained standing with legs together on a center of foot pressure platform with 1) central vision, and 2) periphery vision under eyes open conditions for thirty seconds. The central vision value was significantly decreased compared to the periphery vision. This result implies as the influence of the change of visual information by saccadic eye movement. In Experiment 2, participants maintained standing with legs together and tandem on a center of foot pressure platform with 1) natural view, and 2) saccade stare under eyes open conditions for ten seconds. There was no significant difference between natural view and saccade stare under either condition. The cause of the increased sway was not the influence of the change of vision by saccadic eye movement, which suggests a decrease in the relative quality of information of objects in periphery vision.
TL;DR: The optimal energy-saving gait when using a short leg brace exhibited deviation from the normal gait pattern, because step length was smaller and the step rate was higher when the velocity exceeded 90 m/min.
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to determine (1) whether the pattern of gait with a short leg brace definitely deviated from that of normal gait, and (2) whether a hybrid mass-spring pendulum model proposed in a systems approach was applicable to walking with a short leg brace. Thirty healthy young adults participated in this study. Step rate and Physiological Cost Index during walking on a treadmill were measured while the participants were wearing (a) short leg brace(s) on one leg or on both legs. Walking velocities were 33.3-100.0 m/min for males and 16.7-83.3 m/min for females. The optimal energy-saving gait when using a short leg brace exhibited deviation from the normal gait pattern, because step length was smaller and the step rate was higher. When the velocity exceeded 90 m/min, however, step length was longer and step rate was lower in short leg brace gait than in normal gait. We thought some modifications to the hybrid model were necessary to explain our results.
TL;DR: The lecture had a positive effect on almost all students with regard to their understanding of home-visit rehabilitation, and Education of rehabilitation was very useful for understanding home-Visit nursing.
Abstract: This study investigated nursing students' ways of thinking about home-visit rehabilitation by questionnaire. Eighty-one nursing students who had a practical nurse license in a certain vocation were given a lecture on rehabilitation. Before and after this lecture, they filled out questionnaires about the lecture contents. The rate of valid answers was 96.3%. The lecture created interest among students in home-visit rehabilitation significantly. Subjects who wanted to learn the knowledge and skills of rehabilitation and who felt the necessity of home-visit rehabilitation increased over 15% and 10% respectively. The lecture had a positive effect on almost all students with regard to their understanding of home-visit rehabilitation. I think that home-visit nursing practice is important for learning to relate and communicate with patients including their family and this is necessary knowledge and skill for rehabilitation to some degree. Education of rehabilitation was very useful for understanding home-visit nursing.
TL;DR: The area of movements of the center of gravity area and its characteristic in sitting of hemiplegia patients was showed and there was a significant difference between eyes open and eyes closed in hemip leg patients only.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the degree of disorder of dynamic balance in sitting of stroke patients with hemiplegia by calculation of the area of movements of the center of gravity. Subjects were ten hemiplegic patients. Controls were ten young adults and ten eldery adults. The center of gravity point (mean of Y-axis and mean of X-axis) was measured during movements of the center of gravity toward eight points from the center. An octagon was described on section paper by the eight points. This octagon was divided into six triangles. The area of the octagon was calculated by the sum of the area of six triangles. Moreover, the Heron formula was used for calculation of the area of the triangles. The value of hemiplegic patients was significantly decreased compared to the value of controls. Also, there was a significant difference between eyes open and eyes closed in hemiplegic patients only. This study showed the area of movements of the center of gravity area and its characteristic in sitting of hemiplegia patients.