Showing papers in "Journal of Radio & Audio Media in 2012"
TL;DR: The authors examined the characteristics that motivated some to engage in the social media conversation while others remained on the sidelines, and found that political information efficacy, or confidence that one has the knowledge and skills necessary to participate, dictate political engagement online.
Abstract: When Rush Limbaugh made his now famous remarks about Sandra Fluke's Congressional testimony he set off a social media firestorm. The ensuing backlash cost Limbaugh many prominent advertisers and damaged his public image. In this study, we examine the characteristics that motivated some to engage in the social media conversation while others remained on the sidelines. We find that political information efficacy, or confidence that one has the knowledge and skills necessary to participate, dictate political engagement online. We discuss the implications of this finding for radio, communication and media scholars, and healthy democratic deliberation among young Americans.
33 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe radio programs that include one-on-one interactions between a host and caller about current affairs, and reveal two formats: talk-back and phone-in.
Abstract: This article describes radio programs that include one-on-one interactions between a host and caller about current affairs. The description reveals 2 formats: talk-back and phone-in. Talk-backs are...
21 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined audience use of new media technologies found on NPR.org and found that people prefer "traditional" Web site technologies: written articles, audio and video, podcasting, and links to local stations.
Abstract: This study examines audience use of new media technologies found on NPR.org. A total of 514 members from NPR program fan groups found on Facebook were surveyed. The results indicate people prefer “traditional” Web site technologies: written articles, audio and video, podcasting, and links to local stations. Visitors use NPR.org to take control of their media experience, to be entertained, and to gather information. To gather information includes social interaction. There is some evidence that users may not be interested in new media features if the usefulness of these technologies is not apparent. Industry implications are also addressed.
13 citations
TL;DR: The authors analyzes the rhetorical strategies used by Rush Limbaugh to rebuild his public image after he made offensive remarks about law student Sandra Fluke in early 2012, concluding that Limbaugh's apology was more of a pseudo-apology than a genuine apology.
Abstract: This study analyzes the rhetorical strategies used by Rush Limbaugh to rebuild his public image after he made offensive remarks about law student Sandra Fluke in early 2012. A close reading of Limbaugh's public statements reveals that Limbaugh employed the strategies of evading responsibility, reducing offensiveness, and mortification (i.e., apologizing). However, Limbaugh's apology was more of a pseudo-apology than a genuine apology. This article argues that Limbaugh adopted the strategies he did because the nature of political talk radio makes it more important to maintain a good public image with the audience than with political opponents or even advertisers.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare two kinds of presentation structure (dramatisation versus narration) in a fictional radio story to determine the extent to which the imagination is aroused and the point in which the listener becomes involved.
Abstract: It has always been stated that the radio is the invisible medium that has the greatest effect in stimulating the imagination of listeners. Therefore, this article intends to compare two kinds of presentation structure—dramatisation versus narration—in a fictional radio story to determine the extent to which the imagination is aroused and the point to which the listener becomes involved. The outcomes of the study point to the fact that the dramatised structure is the form of presentation that is best able to fulfil these aims.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored why people visit and use Web sites for Contemporary Christian Music (CCM) radio stations and found that listening online is the most commonly used feature of these Web sites followed by features related to finding information.
Abstract: Following the uses and gratifications approach, this study explores why people visit and use Web sites for Contemporary Christian Music (CCM) radio stations. An online survey of 320 visitors to 9 CCM radio Web sites found that listening online is the most commonly used feature of these Web sites followed by features related to finding information. A factor analysis identified two underlying gratification dimensions: lifestyle management and information seeking. Simple regression analysis found that different gratifications sought are related to using different features on these Web sites.
12 citations
TL;DR: A cultural historical interpretation of The Witch's Tale (1931-38), an early U.S. horror radio drama, and its use of the Gothic genre unified its content and form is presented in this paper.
Abstract: This article offers a cultural historical interpretation of The Witch's Tale (1931–38), an early U.S. horror radio drama, and argues that the program's use of the Gothic genre unified its content and form. Its plays emphasized temporality to highlight the Gothic intertwining of the past and present, and offered allegories that while often rooted in the fantastic nevertheless addressed contemporary concerns—gender, Others, and socio-economic anxieties. It used sound to complement its content, evoking the supernatural and monsters, and cuing and sustaining suspense. And it tapped radio's connotation as a supernatural medium to complement and magnify its generic horror.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a homological analysis of the rhetorical tactics of Rush Limbaugh matched with an analysis of Sandra Fluke's rhetorical strategies is presented, and it is argued that subtle co-option of communication tactics poses larger questions about self-identification of individuals as minority members within social and political systems.
Abstract: Conceptualizing minority social and political groups calls for careful consideration of power, prestige, and numerical systems. However, when members of empowered groups self-identify as disenfranchised, they create unique rhetorical situations. Through homological analysis of the rhetorical tactics of Rush Limbaugh matched with an analysis of Sandra Fluke's rhetorical strategies, we assert that subtle co-option of communication tactics poses larger questions about self-identification of individuals as minority members within social and political systems.
8 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined how Limbaugh tried to deal with the fallout from his comments and found that he employed multiple strategies, including denial (shifting blame), evading responsibility, reducing offensiveness (minimization, attacking one's accusers, transcendence), and mortification.
Abstract: Rush Limbaugh is one of American radio's most successful performers, but that success has always come with controversy. In 2012, Limbaugh's comments about college student Sandra Fluke caused a public outcry and dozens of advertisers to suspend or end their participation on his daily program. This research, employing Benoit's image repair theory, examined how Limbaugh tried to deal with the fallout from his comments. The study found Limbaugh employed multiple strategies, including denial (shifting blame), evading responsibility (good intentions, provocation), reducing offensiveness (minimization, attacking one's accusers, transcendence) and mortification.
8 citations
TL;DR: In the embryonic years of American broadcasting, Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover profoundly affected the development of broadcasting and was the first to articulate the public-interest standard as mentioned in this paper, which is useful to understand what Hoover meant by public service in broadcasting and to what extent broadcasting has achieved Hoover's vision of the public interest.
Abstract: In the embryonic years of American broadcasting, Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover profoundly affected the development of American broadcasting. Hoover, in fact, was the first to articulate the public-interest standard. Today, in the digital age, broadcasting struggles with the public-interest issues of monopolization, censorship, the quality and content of programming, and the decline of localism, also concerns in Hoover's time. And so it is useful to understand what Hoover meant by public service in broadcasting and to what extent broadcasting has achieved Hoover's vision of the public interest.
8 citations
TL;DR: This article presented a qualitative content analysis of Metro FM, a commercial music station owned by the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC), which was the first SABC station to intentionally target a black audience.
Abstract: This article presents a qualitative content analysis of Metro FM, a commercial music station owned by the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC). Metro FM has the second largest audience in the country and was the first SABC station to intentionally target a black audience. While fostering black pride, the station attempts to create a narrative of responsibility while simultaneously negotiating the cultural imperative to interpellate listeners as consumers. The narrative of black identity assumes a homogenous black audience located in urban areas, and while broadcasts are in English, a great degree of codeswitching allows for in-group identification.
TL;DR: This paper examined the persuasive attacks made against Rush Limbaugh after his insults of Georgetown Law student Sandra Fluke and found that most successful attacks extended Limbaugh's attacks to the audience, pointed out Limbaugh's own inconsistencies, applied pejorative labels to Limbaugh's words, and linked Limbaugh to the positions and ideologies of the Republican Party.
Abstract: This article examines the persuasive attacks made against Rush Limbaugh after his insults of Georgetown Law student Sandra Fluke. The persuasive attacks against Limbaugh attempted to increase perceptions of his responsibility for the acts, but the majority worked to increase the perceived offensiveness of his acts. The most successful attacks extended Limbaugh's attacks to the audience, pointed out Limbaugh's own inconsistencies, applied pejorative labels to Limbaugh's words, and linked Limbaugh to the positions and ideologies of the Republican Party. The analysis found that the attacks were successful in the short-run, but less so in the long-term.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the development of radio broadcasting in the new Russia that emerged in the years 1991-2011 and show that there has been the formation of a new type of free, uncensored journalism with experienced radio journalists experiencing a new environment.
Abstract: This article discusses the development of radio broadcasting in the new Russia that emerged in the years 1991–2011. Changes in radio were part of the larger, complex and controversial process related to major economic, political and social changes in the Russian Federation after the Soviet Union dissolved. Radio programming developed to reflect the new political, social and public lives of the Russian people. The analysis examines the functioning of state, public, and private radio, and their competition for audience, the role of radio advertising, and programming broadcast content. The article shows that there has been the formation of a new type of free, uncensored journalism with experienced radio journalists experiencing a new environment.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the evolution of communication policies regarding these media, and the main issues of discussion in their regulation, to see whether the process and the results of this regulation fit the promises of a deeper democracy implicit in the Information Society project.
Abstract: Community radio and television in Spain are not yet fully regulated. It was 2005 in Catalonia and 2010 in Spain before some recognition of this kind of media was included in audiovisual regulations, and then it was marginally and the licensing process was not yet established. Despite this lack of regulation, however, in Spain there are several community or alternative media operating. This article examines the evolution of communication policies regarding these media, and the main issues of discussion in their regulation, to see whether the process and the results of this regulation fit the promises of a deeper democracy implicit in the Information Society project.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that radio possesses a special lyrical capacity and a sincere intonation that enables the audience to confide more easily in an invisible voice than in a printed page or a TV screen.
Abstract: Radio possesses a special lyrical capacity and a sincere intonation that enables the audience to confide more easily in an invisible voice than in a printed page or a TV screen. Perceived through voice alone, speech becomes deeply emotional, expressive, and profoundly meaningful. Barely noticeable vocal modulations can deflate arrogance and pathos or disclose the absurd and silly in what seems serious and thoughtful. The article cites specific examples to demonstrate how the regional broadcasting in Russia successfully employs radio's “lyrical resources” and describes how the broadcasting majors at Saratov State University learn the art of creating moods and emotions.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss how radio in Kazakhstan changed after the Soviet Union collapsed and market-oriented independent countries emerged, and highlight the significant challenge for Kazakh radio as it continues to develop a uniquely Kazakh character that can promote Kazakh language and culture.
Abstract: This article discusses how radio in Kazakhstan changed after the Soviet Union collapsed and market-oriented independent countries emerged. Since independence in 1991, the media, including radio, developed partly as a private enterprise and partly as a government entity with government radio operations controlled by the State Television and Radio Broadcasting Corporation. State radio stations in Kazakhstan are subsidized and operations do not depend on popularity or successful competition for audiences. Commercial stations have found support in advertising and continue to be successful. Although Kazakhstan has been independent for about 20 years and Kazakh stations are successful, the radio market in Kazakhstan is dominated by Russian radio. This article highlights the significant challenge for Kazakh radio as it continues to develop a uniquely Kazakh character that can promote Kazakh language and culture, and successfully attract a Kazakh audience.
TL;DR: The authors used Bakhtin's notion of the "carnival" to reexamine the case of disc jockey Charlie Walker, who became the first broadcaster to be convicted of obscenity under the United States Criminal Code.
Abstract: This article uses Mikhail Bakhtin's notion of the “carnival” to reexamine the case of disc jockey Charlie Walker. In 1963, Walker became the first broadcaster to be convicted of obscenity under the United States Criminal Code. According to Bakhtin, the carnival is a recurring form of folk culture that features grotesque and bawdy imagery. Bakhtin's theory suggests that Charlie Walker's discourse was less a corruption of “official” language than it was a reflection of the rural culture in Williamsburg County, South Carolina. It also suggests the problematic nature of the “contemporary community” standard that was used to convict Walker.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors observed the effectiveness of what has become a practice of some advertisers to increase the recall effectiveness of their radio commercials and found that the addition of a 10-second commercial for the same brand to a commercial set significantly increased the brand and proven recall of an unfamiliar brand (second in-pod) but not that of a familiar brand.
Abstract: Can the recall of a brand (familiar or unfamiliar) in a 60-second commercial be increased simply by adding a 10-second commercial from the same brand? This study observes the effectiveness of what has become a practice of some advertisers to increase the recall effectiveness of their radio commercials. The results indicate that the addition of a 10-second commercial (last in-pod) for the same brand to a commercial set significantly increases the brand and proven recall of an unfamiliar brand (second in-pod) but not that of a familiar brand. Based on these results, this study suggests that advertisers would be wise to supplement their 60-second commercial schedules with 10-second commercials to improve their recall effectiveness.
TL;DR: The radio has held an important place in the lives of Estonians that shaped radio's character during the years of the Soviet Union and after Estonian independence as discussed by the authors, and radio developed an intimate relationship with Estonian audiences and was important during the drive for independence.
Abstract: Historically radio has held an important place in the lives of Estonians that shaped radio's character during the years of the Soviet Union and after Estonian independence. Radio developed an intimate relationship with Estonian audiences and was important during the drive for independence. After independence state broadcasting moved toward a public service model while commercial radio developed under the control of a small number of corporations. While public service radio and commercial radio compete in ways similar to other European and Nordic countries, radio in Estonia remains strong.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of radio in the post-communist era in the former Soviet Union, focusing on radio in Central Asia and the former Estonian Republic of Estonia.
Abstract: It has been about 20 years since the Soviet Union dissolved into individual states. The old Soviet propaganda system that controlled radio gave way to new structures and programs that were radically different from what the Soviet bloc allowed. There have been a few scholarly works that have examined radio in Russia and they point to the early 1990s, 1991 in particular, when significant changes occurred (Kulikova, 2012; Yudin & Keith, 2003). Even fewer works have examined radio in the various countries that emerged after dissolution of the USSR. The symposium starts with a brief history of Russian radio provided by Vladislav V. Smirnov of South Federal University in Rostov-on-Don, Russia. The essay provides a strong sense of context for understanding changes in Russian radio. Urmas Loit of the University of Tartu in Estonia discusses the development of radio in Estonia and points to a strong pre-Soviet radio culture that influenced radio before and after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Galiya Zh. Ibrayeva, Karlyga N. Myssayeva, and Aygerym B. Alzhanova talk about the development of radio in independent Kazakhstan. Little research has been done about radio in Central Asia, let alone Kazakhstan, yet the story has a certain resonance with the stories of Russia and Estonia. Finally, Valeri V. Prozorov from Saratov State University in Russia talks about the similarities between historical literary genres and the media. He focuses on the ‘‘lyrical resources’’ available to regional Russian radio. All but one of the papers were submitted in Russian and were translated by Alexandra SukhomlinovaCockar, a former Editorial Assistant for JRAM, and Askhat Yerkimbay, a Muskie Fellow from Kazakhstan studying at the University of Wyoming. This symposium provides an opportunity to hear from scholars who represent a number of affected countries and regions in Russia that were not as central to radio as Moscow. The essays provide different points of view and a more holistic picture of the changes. Several observations can be made from these articles. The changes