Showing papers in "Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research in 2005"

ISSR Analysis on Genetic Diversity of Camellia nitidissima Chi (Theaceae) in China

Abstract: Camellia nitidissima Chi (Theaceae)is an important horticultural and economic species,distributed in a narrow region of southern China and northern Vietnam.One hundred and twenty-six individuals from four populations of C.nitidissima were analyzed by ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) markers to detect the genetic variation among and within populations.Twelve primers produced a total of 105 scorable markers,of which 79 (75.24%) were polymorphic.As analyzed by the software POPGENE and NTSYS,the genetic diversity of C.nitidissima was high,with Nei's gene diversity of 0.2302 and Shannon's Information Index of 0.3502.In contrast,the genetic diversity with each population was low.The coefficient gene differentiation (G_(st)) was 0.5752,indicating more differentiation among populations than within populations.UPGMA cluster based on Nei and Li genetic similarity formed 4 clades correspongding to the four populations.The Mantel test revealed that a positive correlation (r=0.68261,P=1.0000) existed between genetic distance and geographical distance.

Response of nutrient accumulation characteristics and nutrient strategy of myriophyllum spicatum l. under different eutrophication conditions

Abstract: From May to September in 2003, Myriophyllum spicatum L.was cultured in three (waters) with different degrees of eutrophication(the eutrophic conditions were water 1water 2water 3).The nitrogen and phosphorus contents in different tissues of M.spicatum were measured to study the response of nutrient accumulation characteristics and nutrient strategy to different degrees of eutrophication.The results showed that nitrogen content in the tissues of hypereutrophic water 3 was much higher than that in the other two,but no significant difference existed between tissue nitrogen content of low eutrophic water 1 and that of high eutrophic water 2,for the NH_4-N content in water 1 and water 2 was similar.Phosphorus content in tissues in low eutrophic water 1 was higher than that in water 2.But in hypereutrophic water 3,phosphorus content in leaves was higher than that in (eutrophic) water 1 and 2,which was due to the absorbed phosphorus by different organs were not allocated to each organ at the same ratio.R∶S ratios of M.spicatum showed no significant difference among different (eutrophic) water 1,2 and 3 for the same rich sediment.

Mapping of QTL conferring cold tolerance at early seedling stage of rice by molecular markers

Abstract: Cold stress is one of the major restraints for stable stand establishment at the early seedling stage of rice (Oryza sativa L.) for much of the production area. A recombinant inbred line population derived from a japonica/indica cross were assessed for cold tolerance at early seedling stage by the paper-roll tests at 10°C. Main-effect QTL for the trait were mapped via composite interval mapping using a linkage map with 198 marker loci. Four putative QTL for the trait were identified, which were mapped to chromosomes 1, 3, 7 and 11, respectively. Among these QTL, qSCT-11 showed a large additive effect on the trait, explaining 26%-30% of the phenotypic variation in the treatment of 13 d at 10℃ with a LOD of 16-19. This QTL was closely linked to SSR marker RM202 and its positive allele came from the parent Lemont. This allele would be useful for the improvement of rice cold tolerance via marker-assisted selection.

Effects of Exogenous ABA on the Seed Germination of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and the Expression of Relative Genes

Abstract: Many important aspects during plant development are regulated by abscisic acid (ABA).In this study,the seeds from rice variety “Jiayu 948”(Oryza sativa L.) were germinated in ABA solution using three kind methods of ABA treatments.The morphological characteristics of the seeding growth were observed.The results showed that exogenous ABA had affects on the frequency of seed germination and inhibited the growth rate of rice seed obviously (1A3A and 1N3A),but the effects of the inhibition were partially reversible (1A3N).Low concentration of ABA could induce the root growth slightly (1A3N).Furthermore,the expression patterns of three genes were analyzed,O.sativa Mitogen -activated protein kinase 5 (OsMAPK5),β-glucosidase2 (BGLU2) and Oryza sativa Casein kinaseⅠ1 (OsCKI1) during the germination of rice seeds(1A3A).We found that the expressions of OsMAPK5,OsCKI1 and BGLU2 were down-regulated along with the increasing concentration of ABA and changed in root and shoot.

Community Characteristics and Conservation Strategies of Adiantum reniforme var.sinense, an Endemic Species in the Three-Gorge Reservoir Region

Abstract: Adiantum reniforme var.sinense is an endemic species distributed only in Wanzhou District and Shizhu County of Chongqing in the Three-Gorge Reservoir Region, and is listed as the national second-class protected species in the Red Data Book of Plants in China. Random sampling method is used to study the community structure and habitat characterics of this species in this paper. The results show that the distribution range of A. reniforme var. sinense is localized in both sides of the Yangtze River from Shizhu to Wanzhou. The range of altitude is from 80 m to 480 m. The amount of populations of this species is few and the mean density is 055 cluster/m~2. Distribution localities of A. reniforme var. sinense are disappearing due to anthropogenic activities. Most of the localities are on the southwest slope aspect near streams. The plant community where A. reniforme var. sinense grow in can be divided into 4 types, i.e. Platycarya strobilacea-Quercus aliena-Miscanthus sinensis community, Rhus chinensis-Iris japonica community, Debregeasia edulis-Veronicastrum stenostachyum community and Vitex negundo-Lygodium japonicum community. There are 189 species with deciduous, simple-leaved and phaenerophyte abundant in the community, consisting of 5 trees, 86 shrubs,89 herbs and 9 lianas. Based on the present studies of A.reniforme var.sinense,we put forward measures for the conservation of the species.

Karyotype analysis of 14 species and 2 varieties in {\sl Aloe} L.

Abstract: The karyotypes of 14 species and 2 varieties of Aloe L.were reported.The results of karyotype analysis are as follows: all species studied here in the genera have a single basic chromosome number(x=7),diploidy and a large strongly bimodal karyotype always comprising three short chromosomes and four much longer ones in the haploid set.According to Stebbins'criterion for classification of chromosome karyotype,the karyotypes of the species belong to '3B','4B','3C' or '4C'.Karyotypes of 6 species and 1 variety were firstly reported.Otherwise,we had discussed its systematical implication in Aloe L.

Bioconcentration and Metabolism of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) by Algae

Abstract: Contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment is a serious health problem and new technology employing organisms especially microorganisms to remove PAHs from contaminated environments has been proposed. However, information related to the role of algae in bioconcentration and metabolism of PAHs are widely scattered in spite that hydrophobic chemicals may enter the food-chain by bioconcentration from water into the algae, and algae are capable of accumulating and metabolizing PAHs after their bioconcentration. This review presents the current knowledge about bioconcentration of PAHs by algae and metabolic pathways and enzymes involved in PAHs metabolism. The bioconcentration are detailed in compounds-dependent, species-dependent as well as biomass-dependent. The bioconcentration of PAHs by live and dead cells were also compared. In addition to the bioconcentration, the metabolic pathways of PAHs by fungi, bacteria and algae are included. Finally, the enzymes involved in metabolic process for organic chemicals in plants are presented.

Characteristics of Starch Grains in Chloroplast of Five Alpine Plants

Abstract: The ultrastructures of chloroplast in the mesophyll cells of five species of alpine plants grown on Daban Mountain(an altitude of 3900 m) in the northeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were observed under TEM.The observations showed that there were a lot of starch grains in the chloroplasts of alpine plants,and the starch grains were usually round or oval in shape arranged along the longitudinal axis of chloroplasts.In the chloroplast of Polygonum viviparum,the central parts of the starch grains were heavy in electron-density,whereas the outer parts were light.In other four species,Gentiana przewalskii,Aconium tanguticum,Pedicularis kansuensis and Delphinium monanthum,the whole starch grains were light in.The abundant lipid droplets were also observed in the chloroplasts with swollen thylakoids in alpine plants.It was suggested that the variations of starch grains in the chloroplast of alpine plants as stated above were the result of the long-time stress under the ecological factors in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and were an adaptation to the environment.

Taxonomic Notes on the Genus Kmeria (Pierre) Dandy (Magnoliaceae)

Abstract: Based on the study of Kmeria specimen and field observations, the morphological descriptions of Kmeria (Pierre) Dandy are replenished or corrected, the reasons for conserving Kmeria (Pierre) Dandy are expounded, and a key to species is presented Woonyoungia Law and Magnolia Linn sect Kmeria (Pierre) Figlar Noot are regarded as new synonyms of Kmeria (Pierre) Dandy Woonyoungia septentrionalis (Dandy) Law and Magnolia kwangsiensis Figlar Noot are regarded as new synonyms of Kmeria septentrionalis Dandy

Chemical Constituents of the Flowers of Dendranthema indicum var.aromaticum

Abstract: Five known compounds,luteolin,luteolin-7-O-β-glucopyranoside,acacetin-7-rhamnosidgluoside,glyceryl-1-monobehenate,glyceryl-1-monobehenate,behenic acid,were isolated from the flowers of Dendranthema indicum(L) Des Monlvararomaticum QHLiu et SFZhang collected from Shennongjia forest in Hubei ProvinceTheir structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with the data reported in literature

Cytological Study of Three Menispermaceous Species from China

Abstract: The chromosome number of 3 menispermaceous species——Stephania cepharantha Hayata, Cyclea racemosa Oliv. and Cocculus orbiculatus (L.) DC from China are reported. They are 2n=22, 24 and 52, respectively. This exhibits the basic chromosome number of Menispermaceae are x=11,12 and 13.There is B-chromosome occurring in some individuals of part populations of S.cepharantha.C.orbiculatus should be a tetraploid.The meiosis of C.orbiculatus is observed and its whole process is normal.The pollen grain fertility of C.orbiculatus is normal also.

Allozyme Diversity and Population Differentiation in an Endangered Plant, Ammopiptanthus nanus (Leguminosae)

Abstract: Ammopiptanthus nanus is a rare and endangered species, native to desert habitats in Northern China. Allozyme diversity and population differentiation were evaluated for six natural populations using isoelectric focusing in thin-layer polyacrylamide slab gels. A total of 19 loci from eight enzyme systems were detected. An extreme low level of genetic variation was revealed both at the species level(A=1.21,P=21.05%,H_e=0.040)and at population level(P=14.04%,A=1.14(0.04),H_e=0.036 (0.018) ), which were lower than those of long-lived perennial woody and narrowly distributed species. Wright's F-statistics analysis indicated a deficit of heterozygote both at population level(F_(IS)=0.129) and at the total population level (F_(IT)=0.202). A low level of genetic differentiation among populations detected (F_(ST)=0.085) was consistent with a high level of genetic identity among the populations (I= 0.997). The history of bottleneck effect was speculated to be the main course for the current genetic structure in A. nanus. Consequently, conservation concerns of this species were discussed and conservation recommendations are suggested based on the results obtained from the study. Consequently, conservation of Keyieryongker (KE) population which maintained high genetic variability is recommended and this population could act as a source of transplant.

The calcium distribution in the anther of cytoplasmic male sterile line of Yunnan purple rice during anther development

Abstract: During the development of the anthers,potassium antimonite was used to locate Ca~(2+) in fertile and sterile anthers of purple cytoplasmic male sterile rice (Oryza sativa L.ssp.indica).In the fertile anthers,there was abundant Ca~(2+) precipitates on the surface of early microspore,but not in cytoplasm;In the tapetum,there were little calcium precipitates in cytoplasm in the early stage,in the later stage,tapetum cells suffered programmed cell death and a great quantity of calcium was precipitated.In the sterile anthers,the pollen mother cell aborted at the meiosis stage and abundant calcium was precipitated in vacuolated cytoplasm.There were abundant Ca~(2+) preci-(pitates) between tapetum and pollen mother cells or between tapetum and microspores,but not in the tapetum cells.The results indicate that abnormalities in the distribution of calcium between tapetum and pollen mother cells,which is the same between tapetum and microspore,are correlate with cytoplasmic male sterility.

Studies on High Efficient System for in vitro Shoot Regeneration from Hypocotyls of Chinese Cabbage

Abstract: The hypocotyls of Chinese cabbage [Brassica campestris ssp.pekinensis(L.) Olsson] were used as explants in this experiment.Differences of NAA combined with TDZ or 6-BA in adventitious shoot regeneration from hypocotyl explants were compared and the best hormone combination was selected to study the effects of seedling age,hypocotyl sources,inoculation methods and cultivar difference on shoot regeneration.The results were as follows.Compared to 6-BA,TDZ was more effective in adventitious shoot regeneration.The shoot regeneration percentage reached 87.8% and there were 15.1 shoots regenerated per explant in the MS medium containing 0.5 mg·L~(-1) NAA,0.3 mg·L~(-1) TDZ and AgNO_3 5 mg·L~(-1).There was no significant difference among hypocotyls of 3 to 5 days of seedling age in their regeneration frequencies which were above 80% respectively,increasing of seedling age resulted in a reduction of shoot differentiation frequency,which was only 51.1% at the seedling age of 7 days.The order of shoot regeneration ability of hypocotyl segments from different positions was:the upperthe middlethe lower.Hypocotyls inoculated with their abaxial ends up were more effective in shoot regeneration than those were either inoculated with their abaxial ends down or placed horizontally.Different cultivars showed difference in shoot regeneration ability.

Genotype Fingerprint of Loquat Cultivars and Allozymic Variation in Eriobotrya

Abstract: Allozymic variation of 113 loquate cultivars of Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.and 4 wild related species(E.prinoides Rehd.et Wils.,E.prinoides var.danduheensis H.Z.Zhang,E.serrata Vidal.and E.dayaoshanensis Chen) were investigated using isoelectric focuses in thin-layer po-(lyacrylamide) slab gel in present study.Fifty-nine alleles of 24 loci in 12 enzyme systems were detected 21 loci are polymorphic.The maxium number of alleles in a locus is five.The result demonstrated a rich genetic diversity in loquat germplasm.χ~2 tests for homogeneity of allele frequencies across different cultivar groups revealved 15 of 19 ploymorphic loci are significant different among the groups.Moreover,some specific alleles were detected in different species,such as Dia-1~c,(Dia-2~b),Dia-3~b were only found in E.dayaoshanensis and Est-2~b,Est-3~a only in E.prinoides var.daduheensis,while Idh-1~d occurred in Lizhipipa,a cultivar of E.japonica.The result also indicated that genetic composition was highly differentiated among different species in genus Eriobotrya.Based on multi-locos genotype fingerprinting cultivars with 53 alleles at 22 loci,111 of 113 loquat cultivars or selections were clear identified,and each cultivar has its unique allozyme genotypy (fringerprint,)suggesting allozyme is a useful marker for loquat cultivars (identification,)although the fruit characteristics variations is independent of the isozyme genetic variations examined in a detailed analysis.

A Preliminary Study on Dormancy and Germination Physiology of Endangered Species Berchemiella wilsonii (Schneid.) Nakai var.pubipetiolata H.Qian Seeds

Abstract: Berchemiella wilsonii (Schneid.) Nakai var.pubipetiolata H.Qian,an endangered plant,is endemic to China and the national third-class protected plant.Seed vigor,tested by TTC,is very low(32%),however,empty seeds and seeds without vigor amount to 28% and 40%,respectively,demonstrating that there is a limitation in seed development of B.wilsonii (Schneid.) Nakai var.pubipetiolata H.Qian.The poor water permeability of seed coat,testified by water absorption experiment,hinders water absorption during seed germination.In every part of the seed exists germination inhibitors,the most in seed embryo,which restrain seed germination and induce seed dormancy of B.wilsonii var.pubipetiolata.Seed germination rate and germination index are improved after soaked by different GA_3 concentrations for 24 hours before germination.The effect of 300 mg/L GA_3 is the most significant and it can also markedly increase the activity of catalsae,peroxidase and dehydrogenase during the early 3 days after germination.Sees germination rate of B.wilsonii var.pubipetiolat is rather low because of the presence of seed dormancy and low seed vigor,as well as poor activity of the several enzymes concerned with germination capacity,and these are also considered as the main factors to cause B.wilsonii var.pubipetiolat endangerment in the aspect of germination physiology.

Preliminary Studies on Diatoms from Kanasi in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous

Abstract: In this paper, 120 taxa (including 77 species, 42 varieties and 1 form) of diatoms from Kanasi in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region were reported, which belong to 31 genera, 10 families. Of these taxa, Caloneis holstii Cleve, Navicula subocculta Hustedt, Cymbella ventricosa var. silesiaca (Bleisch) A. Cleve, Achnanthes lanceolata var. inflata Mayer, Epithemia adnata var. proboscidea Patr., Epithemia intermedia Fricke, Hantzschia amphioxys var. gracilis Grunow, Surirella asymmetrica (O)¨strup, Surirella engleri O. Muller are new records in China. The characteristic of diatoms ecological distribution was discussed.

Applications of Wide Hybridization and Allopolyploidization in Rice Breeding

Abstract: From the significance of the good germplasms for rice breeding,the applied study about the wide cross and polyploidization of cultivar and wild rice in rice breeding was summarized in this paper.Due to the difficulties of wide cross,such as hybrid incompatibility,hybrid sterility derived from traditional interspecific hybridization can use some methods such as hormone treatment,embryo rescue culture to solve them and got new varieties with good characters and heritability.The biochemical and molecular techniques to identify the hybrid were successful in overcoming cross incompatibility and obtaining interspecific and intergenomic hybrids.These advancements proved that the method to combine wide cross with polyploidization would be feasible in rice breeding for getting good rice cultivars.

Study on the Resources of Medicinal Macrofungi in the Dabie Mountain of Henan

Abstract: On the basis of investigation, collection and sifting, 162 species and varieties of macrofungi, which are traditional Chinese medicines, folk medicines and experimental anticancer, belonging to 35 families and 76 genera, are reported in the Dabie Mountain in Henan Province. They were 53 anticancer virtue and experimental anticancer macrofungi, 10 curative respiratory system macrofungi, 25 curative digestive system macrofungi, 6 curative mental macrofungi, 4 curative gynaecological macrofungi, 4 curative urological and endocrinological macrofungi, 54 curative traumatic and osteal macrofungi, 6 other virtues macrofungi. Finally, some reasonable suggestions are pointed out to the protection and exploitation resources of medicinal macrofungi in the Dabie Mountain.

Study on Morphological Diversity of Wild Lily from Qinba Mountain and Its Adjacent Area

Abstract: In this paper, the morphological characters about seven wild lilies were studied. These wild lilies were all collected from Qinba Mountain and its adjacent area. The results showed that different wild lilies have morphological diversity in bulb, stem, blade and flower organs etc. There were also morphological diversity of different ecotypes in Lilium brownii and L.leucanthum. Two ecotypes of yellow flower in L.leucanthum were found for the first time. The rich (biological) diversity of wild lilies will be an important basis for the lilies selection and breeding.

Effects of Different Medium on the Growth and Photosynthetic Activity of Nostoc flagelliforme

Abstract: The growth rate, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of Nostoc flagelliforme Born.et Flah. cultured under different medium were tested. The results showed that after (11 d) cultivation, the content of chlorophyll a in different medium were (1.08 mg/L) (Detmer), (1.87 mg/L) (Kratz-Myers), 1.21 mg/L (hydrophilous 104), and 2.18 mg/L (BG11), respectively. N.flagelliforme in BG11 had the fastest growth rate. Compared with other concentrations of BG11, the N.flagelliforme cultured in BG11 had the highest gross photosynthesis Pm ((218.1 μmol) O_2·mg~(-1)(chl a)·h~(-1)) and the highest ratio of chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm=0.349). The results indicated that BG11 is optimal to cultivate N.flagelliforme and improves its activities of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence markedly.

Suitable Cryo-sectioning Technique in Floral Organs of Plants

Abstract: With studying on the technical parameters of cryo-sectioning in floral organs of four plant species, we established a suitable cryo-sectioning method for floral organs of plants. The procedure consisted of several steps as follows.The materials were taken out and fixed in solution contained cryo-protected reagent (sucrose). The fixed samples were embedded, frozen in liquid nitrogen and cryo-sectioned. Then, the sections were dried, stained or not and photographed. This method was better than single liquid freezing or sucrose-protecting or direct cryo-section. The fine structures of ovaries, anthers and shoot apical buds in four plant species were displayed by the sucrose-protecting and liquid nitrogen frozen cryo-sectioning technique. One important point is that the different concentrations of sucrose were used during fixing because of varied plant tissue structures and osmotic pressure, and the sucrose level suitable for the floral organs of the four species were also investigated.

The Effects of Temperature on the Biomass and the Astaxanthin Output of Haematococcus pluvialis

Abstract: The effects of temperature on the biomass, astaxanthin yield and astaxanthin content of Haematococcus pluvialis cultured in imitation system of circular pond has been investigated. Results showed that the biomass, content of astaxanthin and astaxanthin yield of H. pluvialis all experienced a trend of increase-highest-decrease in the range of 15℃-25℃. The astaxanthin yield and astaxanthin content (DW) at 25℃ and 22℃ were significantly higher than the others and with no significant difference between them. The biomass and astaxanthin yield reached their minimum at 15℃, were 1.4 g, 2.49 mg/L, respectively, and reached their maximum at 25℃, were 2.68 g, 13.53 mg/L, respectively. While astaxanthin content reached its minimum at 15℃, was 0.54% and reached its maximum at 22℃, was 1.52%.

Histological and Physiological Changes in the Process of in vitro Shoot Regeneration from Cotyledons of Chinese Cabbage

Abstract: Aichi Hakusai (C_1), which was a Chinese cabbage cultivar (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis (L.) Olsson) introduced from Japan, was used as plant material in this experiment. Investigations were carried out on histological and physiological changes during the process of in vitro shoot regeneration from cotyledonary explants. Histological observations showed that,(adventitious) shoots were induced through the pathway of direct organogenesis during the process of explants culture. Before adventitious shoots initiated, soluble protein content and activities of POD and SOD showed the trend to increase. As the cells were dedifferentiated, metabolism (acti-)(vity) of cells gradually became stronger; enzymes activity and the soluble protein content were elevated. These results demonstrated that, morphological changes were strongly associated with physiological changes during the process of adventitious shoot induction. Addition of AgNO_3 to the medium increased the activity of enzymes and promoted the differentiation percentage of (adventitious) shoots.

Genetic Polymorphism of Ryegrass Cultivars Detected by RAPDs

Abstract: Perennial ryegrass is clearly one of the most important and widely used forage and turf grasses,exhibiting rapid establishment,good tillering ability and high acceptability to livestock.The genetic relationship of 16 ryegrass cultivars,including 2 accessions annual cultivars and 14 entries perennial cultivars,from different breeding company were analyzed using 61 RAPD mar-(kers),the morphological characters were also observed.61 RAPD primers generated 408 bands,of which 367 bands (89.95%) were polymorphism;It showed that the genetic polymorphism in these cultivars was low,the coefficient among the cultivars fell between 44.55%~95.69%.Dendrogram obtained using these molecular markers is not in agreement with their separated morphologic character.High correlation was not observed between the two annual ryegrass cultivars.

Experimental Studies on the Characteristics of Protonema Development in Encalypta ciliata

Abstract: Protonema growth and gametophyte development of Encalypta ciliata are observed based on the cultivation of spore germination At the same time, the whole process is illustrated and taken photographs The results show that the protonemal system of E ciliata consists of two elements, the robust and short filamentous chloronema which is composed of 4~6 oblate cells and the thin and long caulonema like osier on which there are many clavae of 2~5 cells The primary rhizoid exists or not At the end, the characteristics of the protonema growth is analyzed and discussed The sporeling type of E ciliata is primarily named as Encalypta-type

Effects of Hypoxia Stress on Anaerobic Respiratory Enzyme and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Roots of Cucumber Seedlings

Abstract: Exposure to hypoxia is stress commonly encountered by plants. To survive prolonged periods of oxygen deficiency, all organisms have had to evolve mechanisms for sensing oxygen shortage and to adjust their cellular metabolism accordingly. In this experiment, the effects of hypoxia stress on anaerobic respiratory enzyme activities and antioxidant enzyme activities in two cucumber cultivars (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Zhongnong No.8 and cv. Lubachun No.4) seedlings with different resistance ability were studied. The results showed that under hypoxia treatment, fresh weight, dry weight and content of protein decreased, while the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),pyruvate (PDC),alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH),superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase(CAT) in roots of two cucumber cultivars seedlings increased significantly, which bear on the resistance of seedlings. The activity of LDH increased significantly in the early period of hypoxia stress treatment, while that of ADH and PDC increase lightly, which reduced the tolerance to hypoxia stress in 'Zhongnong No.8' seedlings which is hypoxia-sensitive to hypoxia stress cultivar. The activity of LDH increased tardness, the activities of PDC and ADH of 'Lubachun No.4' increased much more than that of 'Zhongnong No.8', which could increase the resistance of 'Lubachun No.4' under hypoxia.

The Nutrient Contents of Six Fig Species and Its Evaluation as Woody Vegetables

Abstract: Fig trees (Ficus spp.)are the keystone species in tropical rainforest in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China. Some species of fig trees are important vegetable resources in the area. The contents of vitamin, mineral element and trace element, protein and amino acids of tender leaves and branches of six species of fig trees used as wild vegetables by indigene people are reported. The contents of vitamin E in six fig species are higher than that of Toona sinensis, a common woody vegetable consumed by Chinese. The contents of riboflavin in five are higher than that of T. sinensis. The content of thiamin of Ficus vasculosa reaches 29.48 mg ·kg~(-1) in dry weight. The contents of mineral and trace elements in six are higher than that of T. sinensis. The contents of calcium in five are 0.31%-1.19% in dry weight. The content of selenium of F. auriculata is 0.838 mg·kg~(-1) in dry weight, which is rich in selenium. The contents of protein in six species are 23.21%~27.78% in dry weight, which is higher than that of T.sinensis (21.33%). The scores of ratio coefficient(SRC)of amino acid in six species in accord with WHO/FAO reference model of essential amino acid are 69.16~95.98, the SRC in five are higher than 80, SRC of four species higher than that of T.sinensis. The quality of six fig trees as woody vegetable is far superior to that of T. sinensis.

Location of 45S and 5S rDNA on Barley Chromosomes and FISH Analysis for 5S rDNA on Extended DNA Fibers

Abstract: With the help of fluorescene in situ hybridization(FISH),we have located and analyzed the sites of the 45S and 5S rDNA on the mitotic metaphase chromosomes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).The results indicated that there were two pairs of signs detected for 45S rDNA,each at 1S and 2L.The signal of 5S rDNA was relatively weak,and it was located on 3L.The copy number of 5S rDNA was determined by extended DNA fiber based on DNA fiber fluorescence in situ hybridization(Fiber-FISH) in barley genome.It could be estimated that the copy number was about 408-416 for 5S rDNA.In this study,the variability of number of rDNA in genome among different barley species was discussed.

Anatomical Studies on Fruits and Petioles of 8 Species of Angelica L.from Sichuan Province

Abstract: Sichuan is one of the two rich centers of Angelica Lin China,which is also one of the two distribution centers in the worldFruits and petioles of 8 species of Angelica Lfrom Sichuan Province were dissected and observed with microscopeStudies on fruit anatomy of 8 species show that all of them are dorsal compressed,in most cases the valleculae of dorsal rib each has only one vitta and most concrescence may see two vittae,excluding some special species such as Amaowenensis and Adecursiva which have more than two vittae in their concrescences;Their aliform lateral rib may equal to or wider than the fruit itself but in some cases narrower;upper sides of endosperm are usually flat or slightly sunk and occasionally raise,while some are convexThese above-mentioned three characteristics of fruits,number of vitta,evolvement status of lateral rib and endosperm form,may serve as reference in interspecies relationship studyThe anatomical characteristics of petioles are very diverse,include ring form,"Φ"-form and atactostele formSuch characteristics as figures of transverse section,the presence and shape of the groove on the adaxial side,smooth or undulate margin,the presence and shape of pith cavity,the number of vascular bundle and its pattern of distribution can be used as useful taxonomical evidences,for the stability and apparent diversity between different species