Showing papers in "Mycopathologia Et Mycologia Applicata in 1951"

Researches on the Etiological Agents of the American blastomycosis

Abstract: We have been able to establish typical characteristics of the species, in artificial culture media, of the fungus causingPosadas-Wernicke's disease. Our work is base on the study of ten strains of the fungus and on their retrocultures — obtianed by inoculation of these strains in laboratory animals — in variosu culture media, among them cornmeal agar (Emmons media) which in our opinion is a medium indispensable for the differencing and for the classification of the fungus from other agents which produce syndromes of a like nature. A revision was made of the literature of the morphology of the causal agent ofPosadas-Wernicke's disease and an analysis of the predominant and characteristic fructification of the fungus. In attention to the above facts, we think that the fungus in question should be included in the genusAleurisma Link, 1809. Therefore, admitting the validity of this genus, we believe that the name of the etiological agent ofPosadas-Wernicke's disease should be changed toAleurisma immitis, the diagnosis being justified by the microscopic study inEmmons media and completed by the forms found in a medium rich in glycides. The diagnoses is the following: Aleurisma immitis. — In substratis pauperibus gignuntur hyphis mycelicis hyalinis, septatis, satis ramosis, ramulis in angulo pene recto; aleuriis abundantissimis, valde simplicibus, centralibus et regulariter seriatis, vel apicalibus, rarissime lateralibus, sessilibus, rare pedicellatis, rectangularibus, hyalinis, aliquoties in racemis et thyrsis dispositis. Spirae saepe videntur. In substratis carbohydratis plenis, chlamydosporis intercalaribus et apicalibus abundantibus; aleuriis et spiris nec numerosis aut typicis quam in pauperibus substratis.

Two new yeasts from Hawaiian fruit flies.

Abstract: One yeast isolate from the feces of the fruit flyD. crucigera is new and is described asCandida sorbosa nov. sp. A new species ofRhodotorula from the living larva ofDrosophila pilimanae is described asRhodotorula pilimanae.

A taxonomic study of soil yeasts.

Abstract: Eighty-four samples of Minnesota soils were collected in the spring of the year. All samples yielded yeasts, and a total of 180 cultures were isolated of which 117 were studied taxonomically. Twenty-five cultures were black yeasts. Approximately one-third of the isolates were spore forming yeasts and members of the oxidative and film forming generaHansenula, Pichia, andDebaryomyces, of which a new species (D. mrakii) has been described. Not a single culture ofSaccharomyces was isolated. Perhaps later in the season when fruit was abundant members of this genus would have been present.

Characteristics of yeast causing clouding of dry white wines

Abstract: Fourteen cultures of yeast were isolated from dry white wines which contained a cloud and/or sediment. These organisms were identified asS. chevalieri Guilliermond (2 cultures),S. carlsbergensis var.monacensis (Hansen) Dekker (1),S. oviformis Osterwalder (6),S. cerevisiae (2),Pichia alcoholophila Klocker (2), andCandida rugosa (Anderson) Diddens and Lodder (1).

Infezione sperimentale daCoccidioides immitis e steroidi corticosurrenali

Abstract: Ratti iniettati sottocute con sospensioni diCoccidioides immitis Stiles hanno presentato localmente lo sviluppo di un granuloma fibroblastico gigantocellulare e nessuna tendenza alla generalizzazione dell'infezione. Il trattamento con DCA o Artisone non ha modificato sensibilmente il decorso e le caratteristiche istologiche dell'infezione. All'opposto il trattamento con Cortisone ha condizionato in un'alta percentuale dei casi una diffusione viscerale dell'infezione stessa; nella sede d'impianto del fungo la reazione dei tessuti, anziche il tipo granulomatoso abituale, ha assunto un tipo necroticoessudativo, senza barriera demarcante fibroblastica e con intensa vegetazione fungina. Questi reperti vengono messi in rapporto con le proprieta antiallergiche ed antiimmunitarie generiche del Cortisone e con l'effetto catabolico sul ricambio proteico unitamente al noto effetto inibitore sui normali processi di granulazione dei tessuti esercitato da questo ormone.

Alguns fungos de fumagina de Pernambuco

Abstract: 0 trabalho em tela compreende uma ampla invest iga~o/tcerca dos fungos de fumagina, visando o esclarecimento de sua pos i~o taxonomica em Pernambuco. Na realidade foram grandes os trope~os com que lutamos, dada a diversidade de especies de fungos e suas rela~6es simbionticas com insetos, exigindonos um esfor~o imenso na e lucida~o das questSes a que nos propunhamos conhecer. Em trabalho anterior, i) apresentado ~ Sociedade de Biologia de Pernambuco, oferecemos uma lista completa dos fungos que identificamos como agentes de fnmagina. Agora, limitamo-nos ~ descri~o das especies novas e de dois novos generos, que havemos criado. De modo gerM, ficou ressaltada a estreita associa~o entre diferentes especies de fungos e o inseto Orthezia insignis Douglas no estabelecimento das fumaginas. Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 (P1. X X V I I X X V I I I ) . Entre os Capnodiacease Mdiolaceas que apreciamos, inclnimos tambem alguns fungos Microthyriales, que originando pontua~6es negras s6bre os org~os vegetativos das plantas, s~o tidos, igualmente, como causa de fumagina. 0 nosso reeonhecimento 6 tornado expresso ao Agro. ALBINO FERNANDES VITAL, ao Prof. DARDANO DE ANDRADE LIMA e outros colegas que nos ajudaram de algnma f6rma na marcha da pesquisa que este trabalho condensa.

The origin of some species of the genus Candida in non-pseudomycelium-producing anascosporogenous yeasts.

Abstract: One hundred thirty-one cultures of anascosporogenous yeasts isolated from the human body late in 1947 were all typical members of the genusCryptococcus when examined in 1947 and early in 1948. No mycelium was produced in repeated tests in corn meal agar scratch plates or in beef peptone gelatin stabs. By 1950, 17 of the 131 cultures had definitely become morphologically identical with members of the genusCandida, showing typical pseudomycelial growth with blastospores sprouting from the mycelium on the above mentioned media. It is concluded that some species ofCandida can be morphological dissociates ofCryptococcus. The status and the varied phylogeny of the genusCandida is discussed.

Inhibition of pathogenic fungi in vitro by p-hydroxy methyl benzoate

Abstract: p-hydroxy methyl benzoate is fungistatic, in rather low concentrations, to pathogenic fungi. 0.1 %p-hydroxy methyl benzoate was required to inhibit growth ofCandida albicans andMonosporium apiospermum on a Sabouraud's agar medium.Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. tonsurans, Geotrichum sp.,Sporotrichum schenckii, Blastomyces dermatitidis andCryptococcus neoformans failed to grow in the presence of 0.05 %p-hydroxy methyl benzoate. Growth ofEpidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum audouini, M. canis, M. gypseum, Trichophyton ferrugineum, T. rubrum, Hormodendrum compactum, H. Pedrosoi, Phialophora verrucosa, Nocardia asteroides, Coccidioides immitis, Haplosporangium parvum andHistoplasma capsulatum was suppressed by 0.025 % but not by 0.0125 % of this compound.

Nutrient requirements of yeast

Abstract: Systematic investigations of the growth requirements of yeast, which were stimulated at the turn of the century by WILDIER's (1901) discovery that yeasts require \"bios\" for their proper nutrition, have not been carried out in recent year s [see TAXI;ER (1925.) for critical review of this work]. Recent studies with synthetic media have been limited largely to the evaluation of the ability of the yeasts to produce particular cell constituents, to the determination of vitamin or growth factor requirements, and only recently to classification. Although the general growth requirements of the economically important yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and more recently Torulopsis utilis, have been established, a chemically defined medium on which yields comparable to those obtained on natural media was developed only recently. OLSON and JOH~TSO~ (1949) developed a synthetic medium which gave yields of a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (isolated from commercial bakers' yeast) which were not improved by addition of natural materials such as corn steep liquor or an extract of malt sprouts. The nutritional factors essential for yeast growth have been extensively studied. Yeast has long been used as a favorite test object in the fields of general and comparative biochemistry and physiology, and much of our knowledge of carbohydrate, lipid and vitamin synthesis and utilization has been obtained in investigations with yeast. The ready availability of various strains of bakers' and brewers' yeast, their rapid growth under conditions which permit faMy accurate control, and the fact that in their cellular physiology they resemble higher organisms has focused attention upon one species of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This has been the test object of more biochemical and physiological experiments than nearly any other organism. Even this yeast has been used more often to develop general aspects of physiology and biochemistry than studied systematically. Only twice since its inception in 1932 have the editors of Annual Review o/ Biochemistry allocated space to a review of the biochemistry of yeast, once to FULMER (1989), and once to NEUBERC, (1946). The biochemistry of bacteria and related microorganisms has been reviewed annually for the past fifteen years, and five times was space allocated to reviews of the biochemistry of fungi. Only rarely have other species of yeast been investigated physiologically, and then usually because of some utilitarian objectives; high fat formation (Endomyces vernaIis, Oospora wallroth, etc.); high protein synthesis from cheap, readily available carbohydrates (Torul@sis ulilis); high riboflavin synthesis (Ashbya gossypii), etc. Only recently have yeasts other than S.

Biotin — an essential growth factor for the filamentous pathogenic fungusAllescheria Boydii Shear

Abstract: In the course of a s tudy on the growth factor requirements of pathogenic fungi we were able to observe that Allescheria Boydii (no 1699) requires biotin for its development. This pathogenic fungus was isolated by BOYD and CRUTCHFIELD from a mycetoma of white grains (2) and studied as well as described by SHEAR (6). According to NICKE•SON and WILLIAMS in a recent review on the growth factor requirements of pathogenic fungi \"Biotin has not been shown to be a growth factor for any of the filamentous pathogenic f u n g i . . . \" (3). SCHOPFER and BLUS~ER (4, 5) reported that a strain of Trichophyton albumrequired biotin in determined conditions, depending on the age of the culture and composition of the medium (nitrogen source). They therefore concluded that biotin is a complementary growth factor for the strain of T. album studied (5). In our experiments we have used a basal medium similar to that of SCHOPFER and BLUMER and containing per liter: dextrose 30 g, asparagine (recrystallized) 2 g, KH~pO 4 1.5 g, MgSO 4 . 7H20 0.5 g, agar (purified) 12 g, and trace elements (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Mo). More details of the composition of this medium will be reported in a future publication (1). In order to know the effect of several vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxin, nicotinic acid, calcium panthotenate, inositol, and biotin) on the growth of A. Boydii, ten different kinds of media were prepared and selected as follows: basal medium without vitamins, basal medium plus all vitamins, basM medium plus all vitamins and 1 % yeast extract, and the seven other media containing all the vitamins except one (see Fig. 1). The fungus was planted and the tubes were maintained at room temperature. No growth was observed in those tubes in which .biotin was not added, namely tubes 1 and 8 (Fig. 1). When ammonium sulfate or ammonium citrate were used as a nitrogen source instead of asparagine, the same results were observed, i. e., no growth occurred in the media without biotin. With ammonium sulfate, even in the presence of biotin, the growth was poorer than that observed in the cultures supplied with ammonium citrate or asparagine, thus indicating that the former nitrogen source is less assimilable by the fungus. To know whether the growth of A. Boydii would be proportional to the

Über die Wirkung schwefelhaltiger Aminosäuren auf das Wachstum verschiedener Fadenpilze „in vitro”

Abstract: Es wird die Wirkung schwefelhaltiger Aminosauren auf das Wachstum pathogener Dermatophyten in vitro untersucht. Dabei zeigt sich eine deutlich fungistatische Wirkung von 1-Cystein hydrochlorid und Thioglykolsaure in Konzentrationen von I : 2000 aufwarts. Als Ursache fur diese Wachstumshemmung wird das -SH Radikal angesehen, da dem Cystin, wo der Schwefel in Disulfdform vorliegt eine ahnliche Wirkung nicht zukommt. Durch verstarktes Wachstum von Aspergillus malignus Lindt nach Ausschaltung der-SH Gruppe mittels Bindung an Arsen, sowie Oxydation der Sulfhydril- zur Disulfidform wird diese Annahme wahrscheinlich gemacht.

The fungistatic activities of vitamin K on dermatophytes.

Abstract: Four commercial preparations of vitamin K were evaluated for their fungistatic activities on the following dermatophytes:Microsporum canis, Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, andTrichophyton Schonleinii.

Primo contributo alla conoscenza dei Micromiceti dell'Africa orientale

Abstract: The author presents the list of the fungus species gathered in Scioa country, in Amara and chiefly in the countries of Galles and Sidamo (East-Africa).

Schedae Mycologicae I–XI

Abstract: I. Mel iola (Chaetomeliola) j avan ica cir . , n.sp. (Fig. 1) Coloniis nigris, epiphyllis, sub-crustosis, plus vel minus regulariter rotundatis usque sub-orbicularibus, singulis, isolatis vel sub-confluentibus, sed distinctis, 1--3 ram. diam.; mycelio ex byphis opposite ramosis, symmetricis, rarius anastomosantibus, rectis vel sub-sinuosis, flavidulis usque flavo-brunneis, regulariter septatis, 6--8 #. crassis composito; hyphopodiis capita[is numerosis, regulariter distributis, typice oppositis, non vel rarius alternantibus aut unilateralibus, brunneis, inter se separatis, cellula apicale ovoidea, oblonga

On the nature of the so-called macroconidia observed on Microsporum infected hairs in vivo.

Abstract: 1. The so-called “macroconidia” observed onMicrosporum-infected hairs “in vivo” is an animal cell and not of vegetable origin. 2. The cells described as “macroconidia” in the parasitic stage of the genusMicrosporum are typical cells of Henle's layer of the internal root sheath of the hair. 3. Whether these spurious “macroconidia” can be seen in a preparation or not depends entirely on the mode of epilation. 4. The cells of Henle's layer can be easily differentiated from true macroconidia by a number of criteria, such as refractivity, staining properties, cultural characteristics, comparative measurements and last but not least, they have no connections with any mycelial elements. 5.Sabouraud correctly recognized these spurious “macroconidia” as epithelial cells. 6. One of the basic laws of mycological observation that dermatophytes do not produce any organs of fructification in their parasitic life cycle, remains unchanged.

A clinical, pathological, and mycological study of a fatal case of histoplasmosis in an infant.

Abstract: The clinical history of a fatal case of acute disseminated Histoplasmosis in a 3-month-old infant is described. A liver biopsy performed ante mortem revealed numerous encapsulated organisms which were identified at H.capsulatum. This suggests the applicability of this technique as a diagnostic tool. An autopsy showed extensive involvement, the organisms being found in the lungs, thymus, mediastinal and retroperitoneal nodes, liver, adrenals, spleen, and kidneys.

Ten years of investigation about mycopathology in Portugal (1938-1948).

Abstract: The researches about mycopathology began in Portugal in 1862 with Prof. MAY FIGUEIRA (a). Then, other authors studied the medical mycology (b): EDUARDO PIMENTA, L u i s DE FREITAS VIEGAS, ANT6NIO RAMALHO, PACHECO DE MIRANDA, CHARLES LEPIERRE, FROILANO DE MELO, ANT6NIO PAES, LORETO DE SOUSA, ARMANDO FERREIRA fitLVARES, Luis GONZAGA FERNANDES, J. F. ANTONIO FERNANDES, J . A. DE CARMO VAZ, LIMA CARNEIRO, NOGUEIRA MARTINS, VILAS-BOAS NETO, REBELO ROCHA, fixLVARO LAPA, SANT'ANA PAIS, LEITE NORONHA, CI~SAR MARTINS, ARNALDO RODRIGUES, NEVES SAMPAIO, LOBATO DE trARIA, JORGE MASCARENHAS e MANUEL CARRASCO. Among these investigators, Prof. FROILANO DE MELO deserves a special place, as in 1917 he gave particular increase to the studies of mycosis, and in 1921, in the Portuguese Continent, he got to assemble a good number of investigators who published several studies about mycology. Later on, other investigators (e) were devoted to the same matter. Now, I will speak but about the Portuguese publications brought out between t938 and 1948 (d). In 1938 LIMA CARNEIRO (1) (*), through a public lecture, discoursed on the scall-head's problem. After speaking of the illness and its agents, he made a few considerations about the scall-head both in literature and ethnography, described the old modern treatment, and proposed several means for struggling with those dermatomycosis. J. M. PALMEIRO (2), after referring to scall-head and the practise of the cultures' essays identified some trichophytosis he found in the horse, ox, dog, cat, rabbit and mouse. J. A. PIRES DE LIMA (,3) treated of the scall-head too, its contagion and treatment. MORAIS CARDOSO (4), after several considerations about the maduromycosis of black grain, described the special case of a boy whom he studied both clinically and under the anatomical and pathologycal point of view. LIMA CARNEIRO (5) studied the scall-head in the scholar age, showed the necessity of struggling with it and suggested the convenient treatment. The same author (6) pointed the first works printed in Portugal about

Horse-hair fungus from Bengal.

Abstract: The horse-hair fungus represents the mycetial stage of a Marasrnius usually named as Marasmius equicrinis Mull. I have collections of such cords of mycelium from SUNDERBaNS in 1921 and 1925 on leaves and branches of Heritiera minor ("Sundri" trees), from Chittagong (Chandraghona Kaptai Forest) in 1921 on bark of braches of Dalbergia sisoo ("Sisoo" trees), from Berkuda Island, Chilka Lake, Orissa, in 1922 on dead and dry leaves, and from a forest area close to Calcutta in 1937 on dead leaves and twigs. Dr. M. R. HENDERSON in 1927 collected black mycetial cords of Marasmius from dead branches and leaves in Singapore and kindly sent them to me; Dr. P N. MEHRA of East Punjab University, Amritsar, collected such black cords from @rcus incana in Mussorie hills (U. P. India) and Dr. R. N. TANDON has collected cords and small fructifications of Marasmius on bark of Ficus rdigiosa, recently growing within the compound of the Science College of Allahabad University.

Notes on the genus and species designation of the pathogen of South American blastomycosis

Abstract: No presente trabalho, o Autor defende a denominacao genericaParacoccidioides, assim como a especiebrasiliensis, deSplendore, para designar o agente da blastomicose sul-americana. Refere que a especiebrasiliensis e perfeitamente valida e nao fere nenhum dispositivo das regras internacionais de nomenclatura botanica. Mostra que o binomioLutziomyces histosporocellularis deve ser regeitado, por superfluo e ilegitimo.

Riferimento del genereParacoccidioides agli Entomoftorali Imperfetti (Entomophthorales Coccidioidaceae)

Abstract: By comparison betweenParacoccidioides andDelacroixia, the former genus is adscribed to the Family Paracoccidioidaceae (Imperfect Entomophthorales).

The Use of Bloodagar for the Primary Isolation of Dermatophytes.

Abstract: The introduction of blood agar as additional medium for primary culturing of fungi from “tinea circinata” lesions has proven successful in increasing the yield of positive results. Early distinctive features ofT. gypseum andT. rubrum in hanging drop cultures are described.

Estudio y clasificacion de 156 cepas del genero „Candida“ Berkhout, 1923. — Consideraciones sobre candidomicosis, (Moniliasis)

Abstract: The authors have made an study and an specific classification of 156 yeast-like forms of fungus beloning to the genusCandida isolated in their majority from differents products of the human body.

Nueva observacion de histoplasmosis en la Republica Argentina

Abstract: The author make a clinical and parasitological study of one new observation of histoplasmosis, parasitical rethiculo-histiocitosis or Darling's disease byHistoplasma capsulatum Darling, 1906 in a man 59 year old with pulmonary tuberculouse. His lesions in the mucouse of the mouth and in the lymph-nodes would healed with sulphadiacine treatment. It is the 7th. observation in Argentina.

Probabili sinonimi di Allescheria Boydi (= Monosporium apiospermum)

Abstract: 1) ---Scedosporium apiospermum Sacc. (1913) 2) = Monosporium sclerotiale Pepere (1914) 3) -Monospor ium nigricans Pepere (1914) 4) = Monosporium apiospermum vat. sclerotiale Pepere (1914) 5) = ? Scedosporium sp. De Magalhaes (1919) 6) ----Aleurisma apiospermum Main (192]) 7) = Cephalosporium Boydii Shear (1922) 8) ---= Dendrostilbella Boydii Shear (1922) 9) ----Glenospora Boydii Pollacci et Nannizzi (1928) 10) = Indiella americana Delamare et Gatti (1929) 11) , ? Scedosporium Magalhaesi Fra6s (1930) 12) = ? Macro@orium Magalhaesi Dodge (1935) 13) = Glenospora viridobrunnea Red. et Cif. (1942)