New Ideas in Psychology 

TL;DR: In psychological measurement, two interpretations of measurement systems have been developed: the reflective interpretation, where the measured attribute is conceptualized as the common cause of the observables, and the formative interpretation, in which the measure attribute is seen as the effect of the observable variables as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, a developmental cognitive science perspective on learning to program is presented, incorporating developmental and cognitive science considerations of the mental activities involved in programming, highlighting the importance for future research of investigating students' interactions with instructional and programming contexts, developmental transformations of their programming skills, and their background knowledge and reasoning abilities.

TL;DR: This article argued that affordances are not mere action possibilities but that they can also invite behavior and suggested a mutualist perspective on invitations, suggesting that they depend on the animal-environment relationship in multiple dimensions.

TL;DR: One theory relies upon the organism making an inductive (plausible but not necessary) inference utilizing mature kinesthetic-visual matching and understanding of mirror-correspondence, while the other relies upon an organism making a deductive inference, and this theory states that necessary and sufficient conditions for mirror-self-recognition are (1) fully understanding object permanence, (2) understanding mirror correspondence, and (3) objectifying body-parts as mentioned in this paper.