Showing papers in "New Zealand Veterinary Journal in 1972"
TL;DR: Inhibition of the larval stages of parasitic nematodes in their final host is a common phenomenon in many host/parasite systems and the fact that the inhibited forms are capable, at a later stage, of resuming their development has been recognized for some time as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Extract Inhibition of the development of the larval stages of parasitic nematodes in their final host is a common phenomenon in many host/parasite systems and the fact that the inhibited forms are capable, at a later stage, of resuming their development has been recognized for some time (for reviews see Armour et al., 1969a; Michel, 1971).
42 citations
TL;DR: Extract Otitis externa, manifested by inflammation of the external auditory canal and associated excessive secretion of ear wax or discharge, is considered by many to be one of the most common problems encountered in small-animal practice in New Zealand as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Extract Otitis externa, manifested by inflammation of the external auditory canal and associated excessive secretion of ear wax or discharge, is considered by many to be one of the most common problems encountered in small-animal practice in New Zealand. The condition is usually assessed on the amount, colour and sometimes consistency of the wax or discharge but in some cases can be diagnosed on the erythematous, oedematous or ulcerated appearance of the meatal epithelium. These clinical symptoms may be produced by a complex of: factors, ranging from the purely mechanical to the purely infectious.
29 citations
TL;DR: The common occurrence of small intestinal carcinomas in ewes in New Zealand was confirmed by Webster (1966, 1967) who found lesions in 0.52% of slaughtered eWes, and in approximately 0.02% of hoggets and wethers.
Abstract: Extract Prior to 1960, carcinomas of the intestine of sheep had been reported only rarely. Dodd (1960, 1964) reported a total of 51 cases of carcinomas of the ovine small intestine in material passing through a New Zealand diagnostic laboratory over a period of 7 years. Six of the 88 “wasting” sheep examined by Cook (1964) in New Zealand were affected by “neoplasia of the intestine”. The common occurrence of small intestinal carcinomas in ewes in New Zealand was confirmed by Webster (1966, 1967) who found lesions in 0.52% of slaughtered ewes, and in approximately 0.02% of hoggets and wethers. No cases were noted m over 200,000 slaughtered lambs.
22 citations
TL;DR: In New Zealand there is some doubt as to the significance of ruminant coccidiosis as mentioned in this paper, however, it is not a common cause of poor growth in lambs in New Zealand.
Abstract: Extract Coccidiosis has long been recognized as a disease entity in sheep and cattle in many countries, particularly in Europe and the United States. In New Zealand there is some doubt as to the significance of ruminant coccidiosis. Osborne and Ensor (1954) have implicated coecidial infections in scouring calves while Salisbury et al. (1953) suggest that coccidiosis may be responsible for mortalities and unthriftiness in Iambs in this country. Whitten (1953, 1956), on the other hand, is of the opinion that coccidiosis is not a common cause of poor growth in lambs in New Zealand.
20 citations
TL;DR: Two of these compounds, sodium monofluoroacetate and sodium cyanide, are used as toxins against opossums in New Zealand, and two others, arsenic trioxide and strychnine, alkaloid, are use for the destruction of rabbits.
Abstract: Extract Although a number of poisons are used for the destruction of opossums, Trichosurus vulpecula (Kerr), very little information on their acute toxic effects is available. A study of the toxicity of four poisons was therefore undertaken. Two of these compounds, sodium monofluoroacetate and sodium cyanide, are used as toxins against opossums in New Zealand, and two others, arsenic trioxide and strychnine, alkaloid, are used for the destruction of rabbits. Arsenic trioxide and strychnine were suggested as replacements for sodium monofluoroacetate and sodium cyanide by the Rabbit Destruction Council (pers. comm.). They suggested strychnine as a substitute for cyanide to overcome poison shyness and arsenic as a substitute for sodium monofluoroacetate to circumvent the danger of secondary poisoning to farmers' dogs.
20 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that a single change of pasture in summer (to pasture not grazed since winter) accompanied by one effective anthelmintic treatment will adequately control parasitic gastro-enteritis in calves and permit the achievement of linear weight gains.
Abstract: Extract Complete integration of therapeutic treatment with pasture management has been, for many years the preoccupation of veterinary parasitologists seeking the most effective means of controlling trichostrongyle infections in ruminants. The simplicity and effectiveness of this approach has been demonstrated by recent studies in the British Isles. In a series of controlled trials, conducted over several years, Michel (1968, 1969) has shown that a single change of pasture in summer (to pasture not grazed since winter) accompanied by one effective anthelmintic treatment will adequately control parasitic gastro-enteritis in calves and permit the achievement of linear weight gains.
19 citations
TL;DR: The common liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, is an important cause of death and economic loss in many countries of the world and can take the form of ill-thrift and consequent reduced meat, milk and wool production.
Abstract: Extract The common liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, is an important cause of death and economic loss in many countries of the world. The loss can take the form of ill-thrift and consequent reduced meat, milk and wool production. Death can occur directly in severe infections or indirectly owing to black disease. Apart from this, there is the economic loss from the condemnation of infested livers for human consumption.
18 citations
16 citations
TL;DR: Findings have revived interest in the application of immunological methods to the inveterate problem of foot-rot control, an approach that had formerly been regarded as unfeasible.
Abstract: Extract Egerton and Roberts (1971) reported that vaccines prepared from Bacteroides nodosus (Beveridge) Mraz et al. had both protective and curative effects on foot-rot induced artificially in penned sheep. Similar results were obtained in experiments on Australian properties when vaccinated sheep were exposed to natural infection (Egerton and Burrell, 1970). These findings have revived interest in the application of immunological methods to the inveterate problem of foot-rot control, an approach that had formerly been regarded as unfeasible (Beveridge, 1941).
14 citations
TL;DR: A survey of the incidence of Cysticercus ovis in New Zealand was carried out in 14 selected meat works by officers of the Meat Division and Biometrics Section of the Department of Agriculture during the meat years commencing October 1, 1967, 1968, and 1969 as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Extract A survey of the incidence of Cysticercus ovis in New Zealand was carried out in 14 selected meat works by officers of the Meat Division and Biometrics Section of the Department of Agriculture during the meat years commencing October 1, 1967, 1968, and 1969. It involved examination of some 778,000 lambs and 526,000 ewes. The detailed information from the 3 years of this survey has been summarized in the tables presented below.
TL;DR: In this and other respects so far studied, the disease closely resembles Border disease as seen in lambs in the United Kingdom Hughes et al., (1959).
Abstract: Extract Hairy shaker disease of lambs in New Zealand has been described by Manktelow et al. (1969) who showed it to be transmissible by the inoculation of ewes in early pregnancy with material derived from affected lambs. In this and other respects so far studied, the disease closely resembles Border disease as seen in lambs in the United Kingdom Hughes et al., (1959).
TL;DR: A study of the geographic distribution of carcinomas of the small intestine of sheep in New Zealand showed that there was an uneven distribution within the sheep population and suggested that environmental or managerial factors might be influencing the prevalence of these neoplasms.
Abstract: Extract An earlier study of the geographic distribution of carcinomas of the small intestine of sheep in New Zealand (Simpson, 1972) showed that there was an uneven distribution within the sheep population and suggested that environmental or managerial factors might be influencing the prevalence of these neoplasms.
TL;DR: Extract Clostridium botulinum is widely distributed throughout the world and botulism has occurred in many countries (Meyer, 1956; FAO, 1968) as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Extract Clostridium botulinum is widely distributed throughout the world and botulism has occurred in many countries (Meyer, 1956; FAO, 1968). There appears to be no published information on the occurrence of either the organism or the disease in New Zealand.
TL;DR: Two other yeasts, Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatiditis, have been reported as causing pneumonia in cats and are recognized pathogens in man and animals.
Abstract: Extract Most reports of systemic mycosis in cats describe local or generalized infection by the yeast Cryptococcus neoformans. Eight reports were reviewed by Cordes and Royal (1967), and at least another three have been published since then (Okoski and Hasegawa, 1968; Campbell et al., 1970; Clark and Roubin, 1970). Two other yeasts, Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatiditis, have been reported as causing pneumonia in cats (Akun, 1950; Sheldon, 1966). All of these yeasts are recognized pathogens, often primary, in man and animals.
TL;DR: A previous analysis of production and fertility in New Zealand cows had suggested that fertility was higher in herds producing less than 280 lb of butterfat per cow per year, than in herds with a greater average annual production.
Abstract: Extract Literature concerning a possible relationship between level of milk production and infertility in dairy cows varies in its conclusions. Most authors (Boyd et al., 1954; Crowley, 1959; Boyd and Reed, 1961; King, 1968) have found no significant differences in fertility between high and low producing cows or between herds with different average productions. Currie (1956) compared the production of mature Jersey cows in New Zealand conceiving to first service with that of cows not conceiving to first service. There was no significant difference. A previous analysis of production and fertility in New Zealand cows (Anon., 1941) had suggested that fertility was higher in herds producing less than 280 lb of butterfat per cow per year, than in herds with a greater average annual production. Dawson (1963) found that, of 18 Israeli dairy herds with infertility problems, all were above the national average in terms of milk production and 11 were in the top 25% of the nation's dairy herds. It was cons...
TL;DR: An experiment was carried out to assess whether ewes exposed to hairy shaker disease in their previous pregnancy by contact with artificially infected eWes had acquired an immunity to the disease.
Abstract: Extract This paper describes an experiment carried out to assess whether ewes exposed to hairy shaker disease in their previous pregnancy by contact with artificially infected ewes (Lewis et al., 1970) had acquired an immunity to the disease.
TL;DR: Infectious bronchitis is an acute and highly contagious viral disease which typically appears as an upper respiratory tract infection of young chickens and severe nephritis, commonly termed “uraemia”, in young chickens.
Abstract: Extract Infectious bronchitis is an acute and highly contagious viral disease which typically appears as an upper respiratory tract infection of young chickens (Hofstad, 1959b). The causative agent also causes a drop in the quantity and quality of eggs laid by adult birds (McDougall, 1968) and severe nephritis, commonly termed “uraemia”, in young chickens (Cumming, 1969a). In the United States and in Britain the virus is considered an important member of a group of respiratory agents which together are responsible for considerable economic loss to the poultry industry (McMartin, 1963). In Australia “uraemia” is a major disease hazard which in 1954 was considered the most important disease of the poultry industry in New South Wales (Hungerford, 1962). There have been two reports of isolation of the virus in New Zealand (Pohl, 1967; 1968), but they contain only limited information on the diseases associated with the virus isolates.
TL;DR: Information about diseases in domestic fowls in New Zealand is contained in two books (Anon., 1965; Anon., 1971).
Abstract: Extract Information about diseases in domestic fowls in New Zealand is contained in two books (Anon., 1965; Anon., 1971). The following diseases have been the subject of separate reports: Salmonella newington infection (Flannery, 1954); lead poisoning (Salisbury et al, 1958); Ornithonyssus sylviarum infestation (Thomas and Watson, 1958); infectious laryngotracheitis (Webster, 1959); mycoplasmosis (Pohl, 1966); infectious bronchitis (Pohl, 1967); uraemia (Pohl, 1968); coccidiosis (Pohl, 1969); vibriosis (Pohl, et al, 1969) and capillariasis (Rickard and Pohl, 1969).
TL;DR: In a previous paper as mentioned in this paper, Pullan and Whitten presented additional evidence derived from a nationwide survey of the incidence of infection found in slaughtered sheep and cattle, which indicated the recent spread of Fasciola in New Zealand.
Abstract: Extract In a previous paper (Pullan and Whitten, 1972) the evidence indicating the recent spread of Fasciola in New Zealand has been discussed This paper presents additional evidence derived from a nationwide survey of the incidence of infection found in slaughtered sheep and cattle
TL;DR: An ovariectomized female terrier dog had two episodes of lead poisoning, confirmed by a laboratory, in June 1966 and in March 1968, and appeared to respond to therapy with calcium EDTA for lead poisoning although the laboratory findings did not support this diagnosis.
Abstract: Extract An ovariectomized female terrier dog had two episodes of lead poisoning, confirmed by a laboratory, in June 1966 and in March 1968. In July 1968, when she was 11 years old, she was presented showing periodic vomiting and loss of condition. She appeared to respond to therapy with calcium EDTA for lead poisoning although the laboratory findings did not support this diagnosis.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Analysis of records from a research farm supported the suggestion that there is correlation between dairy cattle fertility and weight change in the period before mating, but did not support this suggestion.
Abstract: Extract McClure (1961, 1965 a, b), McTaggart (1961), King (1968) and McClure and McDowell (1969) have suggested that there is correlation between dairy cattle fertility and weight change in the period before mating. Gardner (1969) did not support this suggestion. An analysis of records from a research farm was undertaken to test the suggestion.
TL;DR: In New Zealand, Hopkirk and Gill (1930) were the first to report an arthritic condition affecting the limb joints of lambs as discussed by the authors, which caused considerable economic loss because affected carcasses had to be either wholly or partly condemned.
Abstract: Extract Arthritis is one of the most commonly seen pathological conditions in lambs and sheep in New Zealand meat works. It causes considerable economic loss because affected carcasses have to be either wholly or partly condemned. Although many micro-organisms are capable of causing arthritis in sheep and lambs, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae plays a dominant role. Dolman (1957), Behrens(1962), Drabble (1964), Haupt (1964), Collins (1966), and Thornton (1968), reported E. rhusiopathiae responsible in lambs. In New Zealand, Hopkirk and Gill (1930) were the first to report an arthritic condition affecting the limb joints of lambs.
TL;DR: A management policy aimed at reducing the exposure of the udders of heifers in the herd to staphylococci being shed in the milk of older cows should assist in the control of stAPHylococcal infections.
Abstract: Extract The establishment of intramammary infection in the dairy cow requires the initial exposure of the udder or quarter to bacteria. Thus, reduced exposure of the udders of cows to staphylococci should reduce the incidence of intramammary staphylococcal infections. Various methods have been described for preventing the exposure of the udder to bacteria (for review see Neave and Jackson, 1971). Furthermore, as compared with the older cows in the herd, the first-lactation heifers calve with a low level of staphylococcal contamination of their udders (Munch-Petersen, 1968, 1970; Jones and Shannon, 1972). Davidson (1961) noted that the udder of the cow was the most important source of staphylococci for spread to other animals and that other sources, such as the milker's hands, were of secondary importance. Thus, a management policy aimed at reducing the exposure of the udders of heifers in the herd to staphylococci being shed in the milk of older cows should assist in the control of staphylococcal...
TL;DR: Effective control of β-haemolytic stapyhlococci on a national scaledepends ultimately upon an understanding of population changes of this organism within the cow and within the herd.
Abstract: Extract The results of the 1965–6 New Zealand national mastitis survey (Anon., 1967) indicated that β-haemolytic staphylococci were the most common bacteria isolated from the milk of dairy cows. Effective control of β-haemolytic stapyhlococci on a national scaledepends ultimately upon an understanding of population changes of this organism within the cow and within the herd.