Showing papers in "Occupational Therapy in Health Care in 1996"
TL;DR: Factors associated with usage and non-usage of commonly used bathing and toileting aids and rails, and rails used for access to and from the home were investigated, including reasons for non- usage, equipment acceptance, perceived benefit, ergonomic factors and equipment reliability.
Abstract: There is a lack of systematic follow-up on the usage or effectiveness of rails and aids to elderly persons or persons with disability. One hundred and forty-four persons, mostly elderly, responded to a mailed questionnaire. Factors associated with usage and non-usage of commonly used bathing and toileting aids and rails, and rails used for access to and from the home were investigated, including reasons for non-usage, equipment acceptance, perceived benefit, ergonomic factors and equipment reliability. The questionnaire was shown to have high internal consistency. Usage rates were high, 86% for rails and 76% for aids. Non-usage was largely attributed to change in functional status. There were also some specific areas of dissatisfaction indicated, including issues of aid prescription, methods of assessing rail placement, and design of equipment.
38 citations
TL;DR: A fieldwork Level II model developed by the College of St. Catherine in St. Paul, Minnesota can develop effective student therapists who are able to work from a client-centered approach and be flexible within a team.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to discuss a fieldwork Level II model developed by the College of St. Catherine in St. Paul, Minnesota for psychosocial practice. Fieldwork, especially psychosocial fieldwork, is undergoing significant change due to the shifting of occupational therapy practice and the demand for sites. This nontraditional group process model was developed in a shelter for the homeless and poor in downtown Minneapolis. The authors will trace the development of the model, its organization and requirements. Program results will be discussed including advantages and disadvantages as seen by students and faculty supervisors who participated in the experience. The authors believe that this collaborative model can develop effective student therapists who are able to work from a client-centered approach and are able to be flexible within a team.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors address concepts relevant to the critical evaluation of a standardized test and propose a test interpretation process that requires the examiner to be proficient in test administration and understand the basic measurement and statistical concepts behind the interpretation process.
Abstract: Occupational therapists are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of providing intervention that can be accurately measured and documented. Standardized evaluations not only provide a uniform administration and scoring procedure, but also allow for a comparison of an individual's performance to that of a normative sample. The effective and ethical use of standardized test scores requires that the examiner be proficient in test administration and understand the basic measurement and statistical concepts behind the interpretation process. This article addresses concepts relevant to the critical evaluation of a standardized test.
15 citations
TL;DR: Findings show that the four persons with unilateral neglect influenced their motivation toward training and that they sometimes overvalued their own capacities, especially concerning activities they had not practiced since before the stroke.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the motivation for training, in four persons with unilateral neglect, who participated in an intervention study aiming to improve sustained attention. Data about the participantsAE motivation was collected through observations and semi-structured interviews based on the terms used in the volitional subsystem in The Model of Human Occupation. Findings show that the four personsAE awareness of their own disabilities influenced their motivation toward training and that they sometimes overvalued their own capacities, especially concerning activities they had not practiced since before the stroke. This report concludes with a discussion on the implications of the study on occupational therapy practice.
14 citations
TL;DR: Findings indicate that the use of actual performance measurement combined with self-report of functional abilities is needed when assessing performance levels of healthy subjects as well as patients with CLBP.
Abstract: This study examined the relationship between perceived (stated) levels of function and the measured (observed) performance in squatting and stair climbing activities of 20 patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) and 20 healthy volunteers. Subjects were asked through an interview to self-assess their ability to comfortably perform stair climbing and squatting as well as other tolerances. The subjects were then asked to perform the activities and their performance levels were recorded. Results revealed that patients' estimate of squatting and stair climbing abilities as well as their demonstrated levels were significantly lower (p < 0.001) than those of the healthy subjects. There was a significant difference between groups in terms of the time required to perform squatting but not stair climbing. Both groups underestimated their physical capabilities. Findings indicate that the use of actual performance measurement combined with self-report of functional abilities is needed when assessing performance le...
13 citations
TL;DR: A new assessment, using a person-environment fit theoretical model, assisted the occupational therapist in evaluating the environment's legibility and stability to ensure a safe environment through specific physical, psychological, and social cues.
Abstract: The purpose of this pilot study was to develop a home assessment specifically designed for people with Dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT), and determine its effectiveness in designing appropriate environmental strategies. Since the home environment plays an integral role in monitoring ADL performance and behaviors of the AD population, an understanding of how environmental cues influence function and conduct is crucial when assessing and developing environmental intervention strategies. The new assessment, using a person-environment fit theoretical model, assisted the occupational therapist in evaluating the environment's legibility and stability to ensure a safe environment through specific physical, psychological, and social cues.
12 citations
TL;DR: The basic principles of motor-learning theory and the neurodevelopmental treatment approach as related to the occupational therapy process are reviewed.
Abstract: The neurodevelopmental treatment approach is frequently used by occupational therapists to supplement occupational therapy treatment techniques. As little empirical evidence exists to support the efficacy of this treatment approach, several authors have advocated incorporating motor-learning theory into occupational therapy intervention for people with motor-control disorders. This paper will review the basic principles of motor-learning theory and the neurodevelopmental treatment approach as related to the occupational therapy process. The review will include a description of the theoretical concepts, treatment applications, and research related to each approach. The two approaches will be compared and contrasted and methods for incorporating both approaches into occupational therapy will be described.
10 citations
TL;DR: This paper offers a description of the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (Fisher, 1995) as an assessment that considers choice a critical component of the assessment process and describes a study that demonstrates client choice improves performance during the assessmentprocess.
Abstract: This paper addresses the issue of allowing clients the choice of activities to perform for evaluative purposes. Studies demonstrating that choice or control may improve performance in both occupational therapy and psychology literature are reviewed. It offers a description of the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (Fisher, 1995) as an assessment that considers choice a critical component of the assessment process and describes a study that demonstrates client choice improves performance during the assessment process.
5 citations
TL;DR: The Supporting Academic Success Program is an educational, service delivery support model that incorporates the University's mission of teaching, research, and service in a collaborative effort with the Milwaukee Center for Independence.
Abstract: Formed in the Fall of 1993 in the Schools of Allied Health Professions, Psychology, Social Work, Education, and Nursing at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, the Supporting Academic Success Program is an educational, service delivery support model. The program incorporates the University's mission of teaching, research, and service in a collaborative effort with the Milwaukee Center for Independence. The Norris Health Center through Student Affairs is funding this project. The continuation of the program will be provided by grants in 1996.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the ADA requires employers of persons with psychiatric disabilities to provide reasonable accommodation to overcome disability related limitations, and the occupational therapist has a pivotal role in preparing clients with psychiatric disability to activate ADA Title I Employment protections.
Abstract: The ADA requires employers of persons with psychiatric disabilities to provide reasonable accommodation to overcome disability related limitations. Employers are bound by this requirement only when accommodation is requested. Disclosure of a psychiatric disability is a sensitive issue with potential negative consequences due to ignorance and fear. The occupational therapist has a pivotal role in preparing clients with psychiatric disabilities to activate ADA Title I Employment protections. The process of achieving accommodation and five areas for inclusion in Occupational Therapy practice, including preparation on when and how to disclose and specification of disability related limitations are described.
3 citations
TL;DR: The health and ratings of Adult African Americans with SCD are described using a Self-Evaluation of Life Function Scale suggesting good adaptation to their condition and more information and support would be beneficial.
Abstract: This paper examines Sickle Cell Disease (SCD), a chronic condition affecting predominantly individuals of African decent. The study describes the health and ratings of Adult African Americans with SCD using a Self-Evaluation of Life Function Scale. The majority of the respondents scored in the favorable range on the SELF scales suggesting good adaptation to their condition. Based on respondents comments more information and support would be beneficial, especially supportive counseling, occupational therapy intervention, and instruction to aid in self care management and job issues.
TL;DR: The Daily Activities Checklist is introduced, an assessment developed for use with individuals with severe mental illness living in the community that establishes a baseline of engagement in self-care and instrumental activities of daily living.
Abstract: This paper introduces the Daily Activities Checklist (DAC), an assessment developed for use with individuals with severe mental illness living in the community. The DAC establishes a baseline of engagement in self-care and instrumental activities of daily living and involves the consumer in the data gathering process. Preliminary information related to the feasibility and reliability of the measure suggests individuals with severe mental illness can accurately complete the assessment. The DAC also discrimated between individuals with severe mental illness that were working and those that were not.
TL;DR: Findings suggest that presentation of specific topics on teenage pregnancy and sexuality, violence, and situations in which interpersonal losses occur may enhance student learning and preparation for practice.
Abstract: A review of the literature and student feedback suggested a need for content revision in a course on occupational therapy with the adolescent. Unlike any other age group in the United States, the death rate for adolescents from injuries/accidents, suicide and homicide is rapidly rising (McAnarney, Kreipe, & Orr, 1992). High risk behaviors of substance abuse, sexual activity, and vehicle accidents also account for many adolescent deaths. Given the state of rapid change in the challenges faced by adolescents and the many diagnostic conditions that initially present in adolescence and are the focus of occupational therapy intervention, systematic and comprehensive course content revision of the psychosocial aspects of this adolescent course were initiated. The purpose of this ''classroom research'' project was to identify specific psychosocial topics that students perceived should be included to help them learn about providing occupational therapy services to the adolescent. The method used to collect data was a Delphi technique called the Group Instructional Feedback Technique (GIFT). Findings suggest that presentation of specific topics on teenage pregnancy and sexuality, violence, and situations in which interpersonal losses occur may enhance student learning and preparation for practice. The GIFT technique may have application to other topics in occupational therapy education.
TL;DR: The intake and referral group is described, the six separate programs are outlined, and the use of occupational therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy throughout the model is described.
Abstract: Ramsey County Extended Day Treatment is designed for persons with a serious and persistent mental illness such as major depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or personality disorder. The uniqueness of the model is the combination of an intake and referral group with six levels of group psychotherapy. Additionally, single issue groups provide a concentrated focus on employment or community contribution, anger management, and peer relationships. The result is a well-structured, non-residential program where a client can work in a treatment environment based on one's ability to participate. This article describes the intake and referral group, outlines the six separate programs, and describes the use of occupational therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy throughout the model.