Showing papers in "Pacific Historical Review in 1992"
143 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use the terms women of color to refer collectively to African American, Asian American, Mexican American/Chicana, and Native American women in the United States.
Abstract: I want to thank Deena Gonzailez and Emma Perez for reading and commenting on this essay, and Elizabeth Forsyth for editorial assistance. 1. I use the term women of color to refer collectively to African American, Asian American, Mexican American/Chicana, and Native American women in the United States. I use the terms third world, third world woman/women, and third world movements with knowledge of the problems associated with the terms as discussed in Chandra Talpade Mohanty, Ann Russo, and Lourdes Torres, eds., Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism (Bloomington, Ind., 1991), ix-x. I use the terms raced ethnic and racial ethnic interchangeably with the term people of color to refer to the larger community that includes both men and women. For the term raced ethnic, see Norma Alarc6n, "Chicana Feminism: In the Tracks of 'the' Native Woman," Cultural Studies, IV (1990), 248-256; for the term racial ethnic, see Evelyn Nakano Glenn, "Racial Ethnic Women's Labor: The Intersection of Race, Gender, and Class oppression," Review of Radical Political Economics, XVII (Fall 1985),86-108. For a brief synthesis of some of the central issues in the recent historical literature on women in the West, see "Historical Commentary: The Contributions and Challenges of Western Women's History-Four Essays by Sarah Deutsch, Virginia Scharff, Glenda Riley, and John Mack Faragher," Montana, the Magazine of Western History, XLI (Spring 1991), 57-73. For scholarly discussion of the debates and the historiography of frontier history/history of the West, generally exclusive of the issue of gender, see Patricia Limerick, The Legacy of Conquest: The Unbroken Past of the Amenrican West (New York,
62 citations
TL;DR: A cartoon published in the Chicago Tribune three days after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor depicted a muscular and grim-faced U.S. sailor carrying powder charges to a naval gun aimed at the distant Japanese home islands as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A cartoon published in the Chicago Tribune three days after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor depicted a muscular and grim-faced U.S. sailor carrying powder charges to a naval gun aimed at the distant Japanese home islands. From one of the charges dangled a tag reading "War without Mercy on a Treacherous Foe."' Indeed, the war which the United States waged against Japan from December 1941 until August 1945 was characterized by a degree of savagery unmatched by the war being fought simultaneously against the European Axis. The explanation for this goes far beyond the fact that the United States had been the victim of a Japanese "surprise attack," whereas Germany and Italy initiated war by means of formal and "gentlemanly" declarations. To a much greater degree than Germans (and certainly Italians), Japanese became dehumanized in the minds of American combatants
31 citations
TL;DR: In the American West, women were expected to bear and care for children; to cook, keep house, and provide clothing for their families; and to provide sexual intimacy for men and emotional support for kin and community.
Abstract: What do a Kansas farmwoman, a Chicana cannery worker, and a mining camp prostitute have in common? Among other things, they are all women workers in the area that historians have defined as the American West. Despite their apparent differences, they all worked in cultures that expected women to bear and care for children; to cook, keep house, and provide clothing for their families; and to provide sexual intimacy for men and emotional support for kin and community. At the same time, their differences remind us that there are many histories to write about women workers in the U.S. West (or North or South or East), as Joan Jensen and Darlis Miller reminded us in their prize-winning essay.1 How then do we go about telling their stories? How do we understand their commonalities and their differences?
29 citations
TL;DR: Jensen and Miller as mentioned in this paper also called for attention to working-class women's political participation, specifically in labor politics, and proposed a substantial expansion of the topic of "western women and politics." They nevertheless retained a traditional view of politics itself, using the word to
Abstract: In 1980, Joan Jensen and Darlis Miller, in "'Gentle Tamers' Revisited," called for "a broader approach to women and politics in the West."' They questioned in particular the narrowness of the existing literature on what they called "the politics of middle-class women in the West," chiefly studies of the woman suffrage movement. The energy devoted to research on suffrage, they believed, diverted scholarly attention from other political events, organizations, and processes in which women participated. The focus on middle-class woman suffragists, they said, further ignored politically active women usually left out of suffrage studies, including African American, Hispanic, and Native American women. Jensen and Miller also called for attention to working-class women's political participation, specifically in labor politics.2 Jensen and Miller proposed a substantial expansion of the topic of "western women and politics." They nevertheless retained a traditional view of politics itself, using the word to
27 citations
TL;DR: De Gaulle was the leading international critic of American policy in Vietnam, and his pronouncements and recommendations on the war did much to strain relations between France and the United States as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Before the introduction of major American ground forces in the spring of 1965, United States involvement in Vietnam encountered little opposition. Domestic and foreign critics of the U.S. presence existed prior to that date, but with one notable exception their voices were muted and their impact was minimal.1 The exception was General Charles de Gaulle. As President of France, De Gaulle began making his position heard as early as 1961. In succeeding years he emerged as the leading international critic of American policy in Vietnam, and his pronouncements and recommendations on the war did much to strain relations between France and the United States.
18 citations
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15 citations
TL;DR: The 1991 presidential address as mentioned in this paper was delivered on the occasion of the eighty-fourth annual meeting of the American Historical Association, Pacific Coast Branch (AHAAPA) on the Big Island of Hawaii.
Abstract: I stand here before you to deliver the 1991 presidential address on the occasion of the eighty-fourth annual meeting of the American Historical Association, Pacific Coast Branch. I do hope you all realize what a heartwrenching task this is for me. I am an historian of medieval Europe. Only a small handful of you are medievalists -and I brought almost all of you here myself--to applaud me after my talk. There is something deeply incongruous about an historian of medieval Europe presiding at a meeting on the Big Island of Hawaii--but it is thoroughly enjoyable--not to mention salubrious. Yet it is also, as I said, daunting. We have all had a splendid banquet, with an abundance of excellent wine. I do not want to put you to sleep with a boring, highly specialized address. And yet if my talk is too fluffy it will not stand up well when published in our splendid journal, the Pacific Historical Review. Worse yet, Norris Hundley might turn it down. I should have examined how past presidents, especially medievalists such as my dear friends Robert Ignatius Burns and the late Lynn White, coped with this problem. But my file of the Pacific Historical Review perished in the great Santa Barbara fire of June 27, 1990, which caused our home with all its contents: computer, computer disks, print-out
12 citations
TL;DR: When Hiram Johnson and his progressive brethren seized control of the government of California in 1910, they produced one of the most enduring legacies in the state's political history as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: When Hiram Johnson and his progressive brethren seized control of the government of California in 1910 they produced one of the most enduring legacies in the state's political history. Determined to strengthen the power of "the people" and to weaken or destroy the power of "the interests," they fashioned a political system and a political style that prevailed for more than half a century and only recently ceased to exist. To describe the major features of this progressive order and of the system that seems largely to have replaced it is the purpose of this essay. There is no need to recount the oft-told story of the Johnson administration, as this has been done by a number of able scholars.' Suffice it to say that the Progressives' chosen devices to strengthen the people-direct primaries, direct legislation (the initiative and the referendum), recall of officeholders, woman suffrage, presidential primaries, and direct election of U.S. senators-not only quickly made their way into the statute books and the state constitution, but became partial models for other states and the federal government to
11 citations
TL;DR: Forestry in Hawaii began with Gifford Pinchot as discussed by the authors, who created a Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry and called for the employment of a professional forester to head a Division of Forestry within it.
Abstract: Forestry in Hawaii began with Gifford Pinchot. Or so Ralph S. Hosmer, a Pinchot protege, argued. According to Hosmer, the Hawaiian Sugar Planter's Association, concerned that deforestation was endangering watersheds essential for irrigating the plantations of its members, in 1903 persuaded Hawaii's legislature to pass a bill creating a Board of Commissioners of Agriculture and Forestry and calling for the employment of a professional forester to head a Division of Forestry within it. Governor Sanford B. Dole named Lorrin A. Thurston, long a leading public figure in Hawaii, president of the board. Thurston promptly wrote to Pinchot for advice. The latter responded by dispatching William L. Hall to the islands to study conditions and, subsequently, recommended the hiring of Hosmer (M.E, Yale, 1902) as the first "Superintendent of Forestry" for the territory. Forestry in Hawaii followed.1
TL;DR: In fact, the recent emphasis on republicanism with the renewed importance of ideas in understanding America's past has provided the other half of the historiographical explanation that Turner first presented in 1893 as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Recently Gordon Wood remarked that all American historians were Turnerians to one degree or the other.' It was a profound insight. This essay supports that observation by an analysis of republicanism in recent American historical scholarship and by stressing its relationship to the Turner thesis. In fact, the recent emphasis on republicanism-with the renewed importance of ideas in understanding America's past-has provided the other half of the historiographical explanation that Turner first presented in 1893. Within this historiographic synthesis, the Turner thesis still has the capacity to render America's past understandable for the historian.
TL;DR: A cycle of Western "impact" and Chinese "response" has served as the framework for many of the studies on the history of China's relations with the West, with the focus frequently on Great Britain's role as the nineteenth-century's leading imperial power as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A cycle of Western "impact" and Chinese "response" has served as the framework for many of the studies on the history of China's relations with the West, with the focus frequently on Great Britain's role as the nineteenth-century's leading imperial power. Within the considerable body of scholarship on the sending of Chinese envoys abroad-a benchmark in modern global history-the most extensive work has been done on events resulting from foreign persuasion or demand: the Pin Chun/Hart tour, Burlingame Mission, Tientsin Massacre, Margary affair, and especially Kuo Sung-t'ao's mission to London as the capstone of the process.1
TL;DR: Moretti's career in the Assembly of the California legislature between 1970 and 1974 would not seem auspicious or noteworthy. But anyone who followed as mentioned in this paper was fortunate in the opponent whom fate placed in his way: Ronald Reagan, recently reelected as governor of California, would ever become President of the United States.
Abstract: politically famous, these "minor state politicians" are briefly illuminated only to soon slip back into their customary obscurity. Seen from the level of the national political councils, the career of Speaker Robert Moretti in the Assembly of the California legislature between 1970 and 1974 would not seem auspicious or noteworthy. He had risen swiftly, made his mark as speaker, taken his shot at his party's nomination for governor, and then departed uncomplainingly from politics, defeated but unbowed, ready for a new life.' Robert Moretti was fortunate in the opponent whom fate placed in his way. No one knew for sure in 1970 that Ronald Reagan, recently reelected as governor of California, would ever become President of the United States. But anyone who followed
TL;DR: In 1980, the Pacific Historical Review published Joan Jensen and Darlis Miller's "The Gentle Tamers Revisited: New Approaches to the History of Women in the American West".
Abstract: In 1980, the Pacific Historical Review published Joan Jensen and Darlis Miller's "The Gentle Tamers Revisited: New Approaches to the History of Women in the American West."I Winner of both the Billington and Koontz awards, it was indeed a landmark essay. To the broad audience of western historians, Jensen and Miller legitimated the subfield of western women's history by demonstrating, through careful organization and impressive annotation, that there was no lack of either materials or issues. To another, much smaller audience of historians of western women, the essay set an agenda and-most surprisingly-urged a multicultural approach long before the idea became popular. For a number of years following its publication, "Gentle Tamers Revisited" was the "guidebook" that helped many of us find our way into the new territory of western women's history. Given the article's importance, it was not surprising that we chose to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the Jensen-Miller article with a panel at the 1990 Western History Association meeting. That panel, entitled "Revisiting 'The Gentle Tamers Revisited': Ten Years of Western Women's History," was the
TL;DR: In a series of monographs published in the 1940s (republished in 1976 as The Conflict between the California Indian and White Civilization), Sherburne E Cook chronicled the destruction of California Indians between 1769 and 1783 as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Hubert Howe Bancroft challenged the emerging romantic mystique of the missions in his seven-volume History of California. Zephyrin Engelhardt, O.EM., in his four-volume Missions and Missionaries in California (1908-1915) attempted to counter Bancroft's negative view. So, too, during the first half of the century did the hispanophile Herbert E. Bolton and many of his students who presented a view of the missions that praised the positive contribution of the Spaniards in northern New Spain, ignored or trivialized the negative consequences of Spanish colonization, and elevated the missionary, soldier, and colonial administrator to the position of the prime movers in an historical past in which Indians played a minimal role. In a series of monographs published in the 1940s (republished in 1976 as The Conflict between the California Indian and White Civilization), Sherburne E Cook chronicled the destruction of California Indians between 1769 and
TL;DR: The Gentle Tamers Revisited as discussed by the authors is a review essay that revisited the role of literary criticism in the emerging multidisciplinary research on women in the West, focusing on images such as the helpmate and the sunbonnet saint.
Abstract: When Joan Jensen and Darlis Miller published their pioneering review essay, "The Gentle Tamers Revisited" in 1980, they acknowledged the role of literary criticism in the emerging multidisciplinary research on women in the West.1 The authors praised scholars who had identified and critically examined images such as the helpmate and the sunbonnet saint created by earlier historians.2 However, only a "bit part" was given to literary criticism in this tripartite revision:
TL;DR: The history of vaudeville from its inceptions in New York and Boston to its dissemination through the circuits to the Midwest has been largely neglected by scholars as discussed by the authors, except for a few specialized studies in Seattle and Portland, and almost no inquiries into the variety movement west of the Mississippi.
Abstract: One of the most neglected areas of study in the history of American popular arts has been the development of variety theater in the West. Scholars generally have limited their investigations to the history of vaudeville from its inceptions in New York and Boston to its dissemination through the circuits to the Midwest. Except for a few specialized studies on vaudeville in Seattle and Portland, there have been almost no inquiries into the variety movement west of the Mississippi.' In truth, a thriving vaudeville tradition had evolved in distant Los Angeles where theater construction experienced accelerated growth, vaudeville personnel efficiently managed productions, and audiences responded enthusiastically to the acts presented. Los Angeles's relationship to the history of vaudeville differed greatly from that of the East. Geographic isolation, frontier influences, logistic obstacles, administrative innovation, and architectural style all combined to create a distinct theatrical climate for West Coast vaudeville. Between 1910 and 1926,