Showing papers in "Pediatric Clinics of North America in 1996"

TL;DR: New strategies for specific therapy, including expanded use of chronic transfusions, bone marrow transplantation, and hydroxyurea, now offer hope for prevention of many or all of the hemolytic and vaso-occlusive manifestations of sickle cell disease.

TL;DR: An understanding of the basic pathophysiologic cascade that causes necrotizing enterocolitis is emerging, providing hope for improved treatment and prevention.

TL;DR: The ontogeny of the human mucosal immune system is traced, speculating that appropriate gut immune responses are essential in preventing many significant neonatal enteric diseases and identifying newborns who are at an increased risk of acquiring them.

TL;DR: Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy remain valuable procedures for carefully selected patients with obstructive sleep apnea and upper airway obstruction.

TL;DR: The symptoms offunctional constipation in young children and the symptoms of functional constipation and encopresis in older children are reviewed, the differential diagnosis of constipation with or without fecal incontinence is presented, the evaluation and treatment of these children are described, and treatment outcome is reported.

TL;DR: The ultimate diagnosis still is based on the finding of a severe histologic lesion of the jejunum while the patient is on a gluten-containing diet and on its disappearance once the gluten is excluded from the diet.

TL;DR: The management of short bowel syndrome from the time of intestinal resection until the patient either recovers free of supplemental parenteral and enteral nutrition or progresses to the point of needing intestinal transplantation.

TL;DR: A cure for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis remains elusive because human papilloma virus DNA persists in adjacent, normal-appearing mucosa and likely serves as a reservoir for viral reseeding.

TL;DR: Familiarity with the differential diagnosis of neonatal thrombocytopenia and understanding the pathogenesis of the more common entities allows physicians to design a selective diagnostic and therapeutic plan to benefit these thromBocytopenic infants.

TL;DR: Treatment and resumption of participation recommendations frequently vary depending on the patient's sport, level of participation, and willingness to substitute alternative sports for his or her primary one.

TL;DR: Pediatricians have a critical role in the evaluation of children who experience a choking episode and foreign body injury, and familiarity with important symptoms and signs improves diagnostic skills and complements radiographic evaluation.

TL;DR: The causes of sensorineural hearing loss, the concept of multidisciplinary team evaluation, and measurement of hearing are discussed, and advances in genetics of hearing loss are reviewed.

TL;DR: Bone and joint infections in children provide unique clinical challenges as discussed by the authors, and the use of antibiotics is often warranted in the outpatient setting, requiring frequent follow-up with appropriate serial laboratory studies to monitor side effects of antimicrobial agents.

TL;DR: It is difficult to predict which patients are at risk for the development of ICH, and severe hemorrhage is not always curtailed by prior or concomitant therapy.

TL;DR: Both recent advance and newer techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of children with benign bone lesions are discussed.

TL;DR: The techniques of three-dimensional reconstruction of complex facial fractures has been facilitated greatly by the use of a rigid plating system,Wide craniofacial exposure, and bone grafting have sound theoretic and practical applications in severe pediatric facial trauma.

TL;DR: The main congenital anomalies of the exocrine pancreas are reviewed, and several generalized and isolated hereditary pancreatic diseases are discussed.

TL;DR: The authors' impression is that the CBC provides much more information than is routinely used, and this article assists the pediatrician in optimizing use of this familiar diagnostic tool.

TL;DR: Pediatric patients with voice or speech problems usually should receive a team assessment in which communication between the pediatrician or primary care physician, the otolaryngologist, and speech pathologist occurs.

TL;DR: Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that may affect any part of the gastrointestinal system and multiple extraintestinal organs and increasing evidence suggests an abnormality in the control of "physiologic" inflammation.

TL;DR: Back pain in children is a common problem that is infrequently reported to physicians, but referral to the orthopedic surgeon should be swift until a specific cause can be found and treated.

TL;DR: In this article, a series of unifying concepts are developed to help practicing clinicians with an evidence-based approach to managing otitis media.

TL;DR: The use of colony-stimulating factors has dramatically improved the outcome for many patients with the more severe neutropenia; however, this cytokine is expensive, so treatment should be reserved for more severely affected patients and not given just because the ANC is low.

TL;DR: The data accumulated on Helicobacter pylori infection in children suggests an important causative role of the organism in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease in this age group and further studies will provide the information on the pathogenicity, mode of transfer, and optimal treatment of H pylorians.

TL;DR: An overview of the applications of tympanotomy tubes for the treatment for otitis media in childhood and an approach to dealing with tube complications is outlined are outlined.

TL;DR: The surgical management of LLD has gradually evolved from a time when patients were bedridden in traction for prolong periods of time to the point at which much of the treatment time is spent in mobility.

TL;DR: Orthopedic management of children with cerebral palsy is best accomplished with a team approach, which generally is effective in the other neuromotor disabilities of childhood, such as myelomeningocele and muscle disease.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss congenital and acquired disorders of the bile ducts and gallbladder in infants and children, such as extrahepatic biliary atresia, that are unique to infants and distinctive aspects of hepatobiliary disease in older children.

TL;DR: To determine which infants may be suffering from pathologic conditions associated with subtle signs of GER is essential to avoid subjecting many healthy infants to costly and potentially invasive testing.

TL;DR: Infants with respiratory distress and severe stridor should be safely and urgently transported to a tertiary care center, and colleagues from the departments of otolaryngology and anesthesia-critical care should be alerted.