Showing papers in "Phycologia in 1980"
TL;DR: The benthic algal flora of Pacific South America includes endemic, subantarctic, tropical, widely distributed and widely distributed species, and antitropical species.
Abstract: The benthic algal flora of Pacific South America (380 spp) includes endemic (32 · 3 %), subantarctic (34 · 4 %), tropical (3 · 4 %), widely distributed (22 · 8 %) and antitropical species (7 · 1 %)...
94 citations
TL;DR: The effects of eleven heavy metals on the morphology of several marine diatoms and a silicoflagellate were compared and Hg, Cd, and Pb seemed to interfere with cell division.
Abstract: The effects of eleven heavy metals on the morphology of several marine diatoms and a silicoflagellate were compared. With Thalassiosira aestivalis the main effects of metals that were toxic were granular, yellowed cytoplasm; a disruption of chloroplast integrity and dispersion; and more delicate spines extruded from the marginal processes. The metals could be divided into three groups on the basis of other toxic effects. Cu, Zn, Ge, and a metal mixture increased the chain length and did not allow the normal separation of cells, although complete frustules were formed. With these metals there was an inability to form the central chitinous threads that separate normal cells. With Hg, Cd, and Pb, there was some disruption of cell separation, so that cell clumps were formed, but the main effect was the formation of elongated, bent, out-of-column cells. These metals seemed to interfere with cell division. Cr, Ni, Se, Sb, and AsIII were without effect (except for lysis of cells exposed to AsIII) at a c...
76 citations
TL;DR: Eighty-four species of blue-green algae were recorded from the intertidal zone of the Gulf of Elat (Aqaba) and four hypersaline coastal pools, although significant rates of nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) were measured in non-heterocystous communities in coastal pools.
Abstract: Eighty-four species of blue-green algae were recorded from the intertidal zone of the Gulf of Elat (Aqaba) and four hypersaline coastal pools. Heterocystous forms (sixteen) were restricted to the intertidal, although significant rates of nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) were measured in non-heterocystous communities in coastal pools. Species distribution, the colour and surface morphology of thick mats are determined by salinity, frequency of wetting and desiccation. Distinct horizontal zonation patterns occur in coastal pools. Coccoid and non-filamentous forms such as Entophysalis and Pleurocapsa grow associated with gypsum crusts around the periphery of the pools, while filamentous forms (Lyngbya, Microcoleus) become abundant towards the central regions. Complex stratification is apparent in many communities. In different coastal pools mat communities have a similar structure; Lyngbya aestuarii and pennate diatoms at the surface, then coccoid blue-green algae (Aphanorhece, Synechococcus)...
69 citations
TL;DR: A 425 million-year-old organically preserved endolithic microfossil, Palaeoconchocelis starmachii Campbell, Kazmierczak, and Golubic (1979), from sedimentary strata of the Upper Silurian of Poland, is identified as the conchoceli phase of a bangiacean rhodophyte.
Abstract: A 425 million-year-old organically preserved endolithic microfossil, Palaeoconchocelis starmachii Campbell, Kazmierczak, and Golubic (1979), from sedimentary strata of the Upper Silurian of Poland,...
67 citations
66 citations
40 citations
TL;DR: La famille des Udoteacees (Caulerpales), comprend plus de 120 especes reparties dans toutes les mers tropicales and subtropicales.
Abstract: La famille des Udoteacees (Caulerpales), comprend plus de 120 especes reparties dans toutes les mers tropicales et subtropicales. Les connaissances sur la reproduction et le cycle de cette famille ...
34 citations
TL;DR: A cytochemical survey of fourteen green algal species of the siphonous orders Caulerpales and Dasycladales has shown that plug formation during separation of reproductive organs and sterile side branches from the vegetative main axis is a common morphological characteristic in these algae.
Abstract: A cytochemical survey of fourteen green algal species of the siphonous orders Caulerpales and Dasycladales has shown that plug formation during separation of reproductive organs and sterile side branches from the vegetative main axis is a common morphological characteristic in these algae. Additionally, in all these species peroxidase is accumulated almost exclusively in the plugs. Plugs in the siphonous green algae may play a role in protection of the cell interior against the external medium, either during normal development or after mechanical injury. Peroxidase may support this function by its possible antimicrobial activity.
32 citations
TL;DR: Chlorella minutissima has been recorded for the first time in New Zealand from the stagnant inshore waters of Lake Pupuke, Auckland, New Zealand and its ultrastructure is investigated by transmission electron microscopy, from serial sections and freeze-fracture preparations.
Abstract: Chlorella minutissima Fott et Novakova has been recorded for the first time in New Zealand from the stagnant inshore waters of Lake Pupuke, Auckland, New Zealand. Its ultrastructure has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy, from serial sections and freeze-fracture preparations. The extremely small cells, 1 · 8–3 · 0 μm in diameter, are bounded by a thin cell wall with an outer sporopollenin-containing layer. Each cell contains a single nucleus, chloroplast, pyrenoid, dictyosome and branched mitochondrion. The spatial relationships of the various organelles are discussed.
26 citations
TL;DR: Trigonaspis gen. nov. (Prymnesiophyceae) is described on the basis of electron microscopy of shadowcast whole mounts, prepared from water samples collected at Godhavn (West Greenland) in July and August 1977.
Abstract: Trigonaspis gen. nov. (Prymnesiophyceae) is described on the basis of electron microscopy of shadowcast whole mounts, prepared from water samples collected at Godhavn (West Greenland) in July and August 1977. Members of the genus are small biflagellate coccolithophorids with a short coiling haptonema. The periplast is composed of tower-like coccoliths around the flagellar pole, flattened or slightly elevated coccoliths elsewhere on the cell. Below the coccolith base-plates is a layer of small always unmineralized scales. The coccolith crystallites are triangular plates. Apparently normal cells with unmineralized coccoliths are commonly found. Two species are described, the type species T. diskoensis sp. nov. and T. minutissima sp. nov., both appearing in large numbers in the Greenland cold water samples, but also occurring in Danish coastal waters.
TL;DR: The cytochemical properties of pit plugs of hoth bangiophycean and florideophycean red algae were studied using light and electron microscopic techniques to study the two major structural components of the material.
Abstract: The cytochemical properties of pit plugs of hoth bangiophycean and florideophycean red algae were studied using light and electron microscopic techniques. The two major structural components of the...
TL;DR: Comparative phenological studies and cross-gradient light-temperature experiments on selected Ceramiales from North Carolina demonstrated the presence of three biogeographic components in this taxon: eurythermal species of cool temperate, tropical, and warm temperate affinity.
Abstract: Comparative phenological studies and cross-gradient light-temperature experiments on selected Ceramiales from North Carolina demonstrated the presence of three biogeographic components in this taxo...
TL;DR: Cystodinium bataviense Klebs reproduces sexually by isogametes and vegetatively by aplanospores, zoospores and amoebae and DinococcuS is thought to be a stage in the life history of CystodInium.
Abstract: Cystodinium bataviense Klebs reproduces sexually by isogametes and vegetatively by aplanospores, zoospores and amoebae. Amoeboid stages are parasitic on Oedoganium, Spirogyra and Mougeotia. Stages in the life history are identical to those reported for Dinococcus oedogonii (Geitler) Fott. DinococcuS is thought to be a stage in the life history of Cystodinium.
TL;DR: The biochemical and ultrastructural features of Olisthodiscus luteus Carter are compared to those of the five classes of algae which have chloroplasts that are enclosed by chloroplast ER and possess girdle lamellae and a peripheral ring-shaped nucleoid and it is concluded that O. lutenus belongs to the Chrysophyceae.
Abstract: The biochemical and ultrastructural features of Olisthodiscus luteus Carter are compared to those of the five classes of algae which have chloroplasts that are enclosed by chloroplast ER and possess girdle lamellae and a peripheral ring-shaped nucleoid. It is concluded that O. luteus belongs to the Chrysophyceae. Particular attention is paid to the question of whether Olisthodiscus might belong to the Chloromonadophyceae, but several important differences between the chloromonads and O. luteus are noted. For example, the carotenoid pigments of Olisthodiscus are similar to those of the Chrysophyceae and very different from those so far observed in the Chloromonadophyceae. Also Olisthodiscus is not divided into endoplasmic and ectoplasmic regions as all chloromonad cells are, nor does Olisthodiscus possess the characteristic chloromonad rhizostyle. Mitosis in Olisthodiscus is typically Chrysophyceall with an open spindle, whereas in mitotic cells of chloromonads the spindle is closed.
TL;DR: Four species of the diatom genus Mastogloia Thwaites ex W. Smith, belonging to Hustedt's groups Apiculatae, Lanceolataes, Paradoxae and UndulataE, were studied using both transmitted light and scann...
Abstract: Four species of the diatom genus Mastogloia Thwaites ex W. Smith, belonging to Hustedt's groups Apiculatae, Lanceolatae, Paradoxae and Undulatae, were studied using both transmitted light and scann...
TL;DR: Mesophyllum lichenoides (L.) Lemoine (Corallinaceae) from the British Isles was examined with the scanning electron microscope and endophytic cells, probably bacteria, were common within the thalli, and corresponded in size and structure to equally common cells on plant surfaces.
Abstract: Mesophyllum lichenoides (L.) Lemoine (Corallinaceae) from the British Isles was examined with the scanning electron microscope. Epithallial (upper) and hypothallial (lower) plant surfaces showed different patterns of calcification, and conceptacles had greater calcification of cell walls than vegetative areas of plants. Splitting of cell walls often occurred on conceptacle surfaces leaving each cell separated from its neighbours. Crust margins had well developed cuticles with a series of irregularly parallel wrinkles around the margin. Endophytic cells, probably bacteria, were common within the thalli, and corresponded in size and structure to equally common cells on plant surfaces.
TL;DR: The new taxon comprises small biflagellate coccolithophorids with a short coiling haptonema, composed of at least two layers of organic scales of which the outer larger circular scales support crystallite packages, each a group of four minute rhombohedrons.
Abstract: Quaternariella obseura gen. et sp. nov. (Prymnesiophyceae) is described on the basis of electron microscopy of shadow cast whole mounts prepared from water samples collected in the summer 1977, at localities in the vicinity of Godhavn, West Greenland. The new taxon comprises small biflagellate coccolithophorids with a short coiling haptonema. The periplast is composed of at least two layers of organic scales of which the outer larger circular scales support crystallite packages, each a group of four minute rhombohedrons. Small, unmineralized oval scales are present below the coccolith base-plates.
TL;DR: The presence in B. australis of a fifth or extra cell lateral to the basal cell of the carpogonial branch, and two connecting cells formed immediately after fertilization, is discussed in relation to what is known of these features in the Rhodomelaceae.
Abstract: The developmental morphology of Brongniartella australis (C.Ag.) Schmitz, an Australasian species, is compared with that of the type of the genus, B. byssoides (Good. & Woodw.) Schmitz from Europe. B. australis forma recurva Parsons forma nova is described. The presence in B. australis of a fifth or extra cell lateral to the basal cell of the carpogonial branch, and two connecting cells formed immediately after fertilization, is discussed in relation to what is known of these features in the Rhodomelaceae.
TL;DR: Production of conchosporangia in the cultured conchocelis phase of Porphyra angusta was studied under 144 combinations of temperature, light intensity, and photoperiod, and the number of conchoelis colonies with sporangia increased with increase in temperature, irrespective of light intensity andPhotoperiod.
Abstract: Production of conchosporangia in the cultured conchocelis phase of Porphyra angusta was studied under 144 combinations of temperature (18, 20, 22, 25, 27 and 29°C), light intensity (1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 lx) and photoperiod (9–15; 10–14; 11–13; 12–12; 13–11; 14–10). Conchocelis grown at 18°C did not produce sporangia, but grew vegetatively only. Conchosporangia were formed at 20, 22, 25, 27 and 29°C under all conditions, and the number of conchocelis colonies with sporangia increased with increase in temperature, irrespective of light intensity and photoperiod. At 22 and 25°C, high light intensity stimulated the production of conchosporangia, but the effect of light intensity was not apparent at 20, 27 and 29°C. Photoperiod did not affect the formation of conchosporangia. Temperature also affected the shape and the abundance of conchosporangia produced on a conchocelis colony. The number of sporangia also increased as the temperature increased.
TL;DR: A new quadriflagellate green alga is described from temperate coastal waters, and its ultrastructure and general morphology place it in the Dunaliellaceae (order Volvocales, class Chlorophyceae).
Abstract: A new quadriflagellate green alga is described from temperate coastal waters. It occurs primarily as four-celled colonies, and its ultrastructure and general morphology place it in the Dunaliellaceae (order Volvocales, class Chlorophyceae). Oltmannsiella virida sp. nov. grows well in salinities from 10‰ to full-strength coastal water, and at temperatures from 15–25°C. The swimming rate of colonies varies from c. 225–325 μm sec−1 (c. 0·8–1·2 m h−1), which is similar to other marine flagellates.
TL;DR: Five new species of green microalgae are described from axenic cultures isolated from the surface millimetre of a Schumacher silt loam in Whitman County, Washington, U.S.A, showing form and colour of the plant-mass, differential utilization of nitrogen and carbon sources, growth in complex bacteriological media, production of extracellular enzymes, and tolerance to antibiotics and crystal violet.
Abstract: Five new species of green microalgae are described from axenic cultures isolated from the surface millimetre of a Schumacher silt loam in Whitman County, Washington, U.S.A. They are as follows: Order Chlorococcales—Characium astipitatum sp. nov. (BM-105), Chlorococcum pseudodictyosphaerium sp. nov. (BM-104), Dictyococcus schumacherensis sp. nov. (BM-126). Order Chlorosarcinales—Chlorosarcinopsis amylophila sp. nov. (BM-141). Order Chaetophorales—Pleurastrum pholoheterotrophicum sp. nov. (BM-172). Supplementary characteristics are quantified in addition to traditional morphological descriptions. The properties included are form and colour of the plant-mass, differential utilization of nitrogen and carbon sources, growth in complex bacteriological media, production of extracellular enzymes, and tolerance to antibiotics and crystal violet.
TL;DR: The seasonal successions of phytoplankton in Onondaga Lake during 1975–77 were generally similar to the 1973–74 period immediately after the reduction in phosphorus entering the lake, and enrichment studies indicated that availability of phosphorus to green algae and silica to diatoms may have contributed to determining their periods of dominance.
Abstract: The seasonal successions of phytoplankton in Onondaga Lake during 1975–77 were generally similar to the 1973–74 period immediately after the reduction in phosphorus entering the lake. Diatoms and flagellates were dominant in spring and replaced in importance by chlorococcalean green algae and the diatom Cyelotellaglomerata during summer. A die-off of summer algae was observed in 1977. During the summer, silica was depleted in the epilimnion by diatom growths and phosphorus by chlorococcalean green algae. Enrichment studies indicated that availability of phosphorus to green algae and silica to diatoms may have contributed to determining their periods of dominance. Blue-green algae continued to be relatively unimportant in the plankton, in contrast to the conditions before 1972 when they caused late summer blooms.
TL;DR: It is concluded that allantoin is generally a poor N-source for phytoplankton growth relative to the purines, but certain benthic-type species appear well equipped to utilize it.
Abstract: Eighteen species of marine microalgae from nine taxonomic classes were tested for axenic growth in light on allantoin as sole nitrogen source. The tests were made at concentration levels of 0 · 125 and 1 · 25 mM allantoin, and were compared with corresponding growth on 0 · 125 mM hypoxanthine taken as control. Only the diatom Nitzschia acicularis showed good growth at the lower concentration, and this growth was comparable to that from equivalent hypoxanthine, suggesting that allantoin may be an expected intermediate in the pathway of purine catabolism. Two other diatoms and a prasinophyte showed generally slow (but ultimately substantial) growth on allantoin at the higher concentration, while all other algae responded with marginal or insignificant growth. It is concluded that allantoin is generally a poor N-source for phytoplankton growth relative to the purines, but certain benthic-type species appear well equipped to utilize it.
TL;DR: The structure of some forms of the marine, planktonic diatom Ethmodiscus is described using scanning electron microscopy and a range of valve forms have been revealed and their relationships to the described taxa are revealed.
Abstract: The structure of some forms of the marine, planktonic diatom Ethmodiscus is described using scanning electron microscopy. A range of valve forms have been revealed and their relationships to the described taxa and to the possibility of heterovalvy is discussed.