Showing papers in "Radiology in 1977"
TL;DR: The two principal rationales for applying hyperthermia in cancer therapy are that: the S phase, which is relatively radioresistant, is the most sensitive phase tohyperthermia, and can be selectively radiosensitized by combining hyperThermia with x-irradiation, and the cycling tumor cells in S phase could be killed by subjecting these cells toHyperthermia.
Abstract: The two principal rationales for applying hyperthermia in cancer therapy are that: (a) the S phase, which is relatively radioresistant, is the most sensitive phase to hyperthermia, and can be selectively radiosensitized by combining hyperthermia with x-irradiation; the cycling tumor cells in S phase which would normally survive an x-ray dose could thus be killed by subjecting these cells to hyperthermia; and (b) the relatively radioresistant hypoxic cells in the tumor may be selectively destroyed by combinations of hyperthermia and x-irradiation. Both of these rationales have been mentioned as reasons for using high LET irradiation in cancer therapy; therefore where such irradiation may be of use, hyperthermia may also be advantageous.
920 citations
TL;DR: Of the 49 patients treated during hemoptysis, immediate arrest of bleeding was affected in 41 but 6 of these patients suffered relapse two to seven months after the procedure and there was no recurrence of bleeding in the remaining 35 patients.
Abstract: One hundred and four patients presenting with either massive or repeated hemoptysis were treated by embolization of the bronchial arteries with a resorbable material (Spongel). The procedure was performed via selective catheterization of the abnormal arteries. Forty-nine patients were treated during and 55 after hemoptysis. Of the 49 patients treated during hemoptysis, immediate arrest of bleeding was affected in 41 but 6 of these patients suffered relapse two to seven months after the procedure. There was no recurrence of bleeding in the remaining 35 patients.
379 citations
TL;DR: Although the alterations superficially resembled osteoarthritis, they were frequently more severe and progressive with extensive fragmentation of bone, causing intra-articular osseous bodies and allow the radiologist to suggest a probable diagnosis of CPPD even in the absence of articular calcification.
Abstract: Clinical, radiographic and pathologic abnormalities in calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease (CPPD) (pseudogout) are outlined in an investigation of 85 patients with definite or probable disease and available cadaveric and human surgical material. Pyrophosphate arthropathy produced distinctive roentgenographic abnormalities with were most frequent in the knee, wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints. Although the alterations superficially resembled osteoarthritis, they were frequently more severe and progressive with extensive fragmentation of bone, causing intra-articular osseous bodies. Pyrophosphate arthropathy occurred in unusual locations, such as the radiocarpal compartment of the wrist, elbow, and patellofemoral compartment of the knee. These characteristics allow the radiologist to suggest a probable diagnosis of CPPD even in the absence of articular calcification.
266 citations
TL;DR: A review of 1,000 consecutive coronary angiograms yielded 9 examples of congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries, in which all three major coronary branches arose from the right aortic sinus, and 2 cases of coronary artery fistulas.
Abstract: A review of 1,000 consecutive coronary angiograms, most of them performed for evaluation of angina pectoris, yielded 9 examples of congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries. In 2 cases the angina may have been due to malposition of the left coronary artery or one of its branches. There were 2 cases of aberrant origin of the circumflex artery from the right coronary artery, 2 cases of aberrant left anterior descending artery, 3 cases in which all three major coronary artery branches arose from the right aortic sinus, and 2 cases of coronary artery fistulas. Malposition of the coronary artery should be considered as a possible cause of angina.
263 citations
TL;DR: Side effects of contrast medium phlebography for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombophlebitis were more frequent and severe than previously thought, but their incidence can readily be lowered.
Abstract: A prospective study was performed to elucidate the side effects of contrast medium phlebography for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombophlebitis (DVTP). The phelbograms were obtained with the patient in a semi-erect position, with an average dose of 125 ml of contrast medium infused continuously over 7-12 min. Renografin 60, or the same agent diluted to three-quarter strength, was used. The major side effects were pain during the study and a symptom complex resembling DVTP starting 12-36 hours after the study. Both were more common with the standard contrast medium (pain: 59.0% vs. 30.0%; delayed reaction: 24.0% vs. 7.5%), although the percentage of positive studies was unchanged (about 35.0%). Side effects were more frequent and severe than previously thought, but their incidence can readily be lowered.
199 citations
TL;DR: The pelvis was evaluated with gray-scale ultrasound in 45 normal females, important aspects of instrumentation, changes in scanning techniques, and pitfalls in the identification of various normal anatomical structures are described, and normal ranges of uterine size and ovarian volume are reported.
Abstract: The pelvis was evaluated with gray-scale ultrasound in 45 normal females, important aspects of instrumentation, changes in scanning techniques, and pitfalls in the identification of various normal anatomical structures are described, and normal ranges of uterine size and ovarian volume are reported.
187 citations
TL;DR: The authors found that when hyperthermia exists prior to irradiation significant inhibition occurs and the data support the conclusion that unrepaired DNA damage may be lethal to the cell.
Abstract: Studies have been carried out using neutral and alkaline sucrose density gradients to investigate the effect of 41°–43° C on the ability of Chinese hamster ovary cells to repair single (SSB) and double stranded DNA breaks (DSB) caused by exposure to ionizing radiation. The authors found that when hyperthermia exists prior to irradiation significant inhibition occurs. The data support the conclusion that unrepaired DNA damage may be lethal to the cell. Though no increase in radiation-induced DSB frequency was observed subsequent to hyperthermia, a 10–20% increase in SSB frequency was observed.
173 citations
TL;DR: The radiographs of 41 patients show that in all but 6 of the cases the cyst is visualized as a round radiodensity touching both the hemidiaphragm and the anterior chest wall, and Surprisingly, 15 of the 41 occurred on the left border of the heart.
Abstract: Pericardial cysts are generally described as round radiodensities typically found at the right cardiophrenic angle in asymptomatic individuals. A review of all cases of pericardial cysts from the files of this Institute reveals that approximately one third of the cysts are found in other locations and that approximately one third of patients have symptoms of chest pain, dyspnea, or persistent cough. The radiographs of 41 patients show that in all but 6 of the cases the cyst is visualized as a round radiodensity touching both the hemidiaphragm and the anterior chest wall. Surprisingly, 15 of the 41 occurred on the left border of the heart. The six cysts significantly above the diaphragm were difficult to diagnosis radiologically and were usually mistaken for thymomas or pulmonary masses; two such cysts caused bronchial obstruction. In general, the possibility that a mass in either anterior cardiophrenic angle is a pericardial cyst should be strongly considered, even if the mass is on the left side and even if the patient is symptomatic.
168 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that IBC is presently unsafe for use in branches of the celiac artery because collateral circulation was not able to preserve the tissue supplied by the occluded artery.
Abstract: The effects of long-term occlusion of branches of the celiac and renal arteries were studied in 13 pigs, using isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate (IBC), the Gianturco-Anderson-Wallace wool coil, and Ivalon. IBC permanently occluded 2- to 8-cm lengths of both vessels, including their branches, so that collateral circulation was not able to preserve the tissue supplied by the occluded artery. Gastric ulcers, splenic and hepatic infarcts, and large, sterile biliary cysts were observed on postmortem examination. Permanent occlusion was also observed with the wool coil and Ivalon, but the pathological results were much less deleterious. The authors conclude that IBC is presently unsafe for use in branches of the celiac artery.
152 citations
TL;DR: 67Ga is a good adjuvant to 99mTc-MDP imaging in chronic osteomyelitis to identify continuing or recurrent sepsis and localize the focus of infection more precisely.
Abstract: Sequential studies with 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) and 67Ga were performed in 40 patients to determine the role of each agent in evaluating osteomyelitis, cellulitis, and septic arthritis. Apart from the value of 67Ga in distinguishing cellulitis from osteomyelitis, it is a good adjuvant to 99mTc_MDP imaging in chronic osteomyelitis to identify continuing or recurrent sepsis and localize the focus of infection more precisely.
149 citations
TL;DR: In induced bleeding experiments on dogs, 99mTc-sulfur colloid was a suitable agent for detecting the bleeding site in the small intestine, providing that the site was distant from the liver and spleen.
Abstract: In induced bleeding experiments on dogs, 99mTc-sulfur colloid was a suitable agent for detecting the bleeding site in the small intestine, providing that the site was distant from the liver and spleen. Bleeding sites were detectable at rates as low as 0.1 ml/min. When induced in the sigmoid or descending colon, the site was demonstrated by scintigraphy with 99mTc-sulfur colloid. Unsatisfactory images were obtained in the esophagus and stomach, however, when 131I-ortho-iodohippurate or 99mTc-DTPA was used.
TL;DR: It is found that environmental acidity is a determining factor in the hyperthermic effect and the hypoxic effect at a pH of 7.2 is probably due to a slight decrease in the intracellular pH caused by increased production of lactic acid.
Abstract: Colony formation of JB-1-E tumor cells was studied after hyperthermic treatment (42.5 degrees C) at a pH of 6.4 or 7.2 under hypoxic and euoxic conditions. At a pH of 7.2 and normal oxygen tension, there was a moderate decrease in colony formation with increasing duration of hyperthermic treatment (To = 65 min.). This effect was slightly enhanced under hypoxic conditions (To = 36 min.). The hyperthermic effect was enhanced to a considerably greater degree when treatment was performed at a pH of 6.4 (To = 19 min.), with no observable difference between hypoxia and euoxia. These findings indicate that environmental acidity is a determining factor in the hyperthermic effect. The hypoxic effect at a pH of 7.2 is probably due to a slight decrease in the intracellular pH caused by increased production of lactic acid.
TL;DR: A gray scale ultrasound evaluation of a case of adult intussusception presents a "target-like" abdominal mass, with central dense echoes and peripheral sonolucency, which may be characteristic of this entity.
Abstract: A gray scale ultrasound evaluation of a case of adult intussusception is presented. The observed "target-like" abdominal mass, with central dense echoes and peripheral sonolucency, may be characteristic of this entity. A primary bowel or intestinal loop process should be considered when a lesion with this appearance is encountered.
TL;DR: The authors reviewed 232 cases of cysticercosis involving the central nervous system and found that computed tomography is a useful tool in assessing this illness.
Abstract: Cysticercosis is a parasitic disease in which man serves as the intermediate host of Taenia solium, the pork tapeworm. The larvae have a predilection for the central nervous system and can cause a variety of neurologic and psychiatric symptoms. Areas of involvement are classified as intraventricular, parenchymal, arachnoidal, and mixed. The diagnosis is made primarily by roentgenographic and spinal fluid examinations. The authors reviewed 232 cases of cysticercosis involving the central nervous system. It was found that computed tomography is a useful tool in asessing this illness.
TL;DR: The clinical diagnosis of brainstem contusion is associated with a remarkably high level (54%) of surgically correctable lesions, and the use of computed tomography in the evaluation of other traumatic intracranial lesions is discussed.
Abstract: Retrospective analysis of 200 cases of documented head trauma demonstrated an accuracy approaching 100% in the diagnosis of intra- and extracerebral collections of blood. Caution must be exercised in the evaluation of trauma 1 to 5 weeks old, since subdural hematomas have the same density as normal brain tissue, and angiography may be necessary. The clinical diagnosis of brainstem contusion is associated with a remarkably high level (54%) of surgically correctable lesions. The use of computed tomography in the evaluation of other traumatic intracranial lesions is discussed.
TL;DR: An experimental device which promises even greater safety, simplicity and speed of introduction and reverts to its preset complex filter shape and locks into place permanently to trap further thromboemboli from the pelvis or lower limbs.
Abstract: Surgical ligation of the vena cava in the treatment of pulmonary embolism is already being superseded by devices introduced via a peripheral vein. A new metal alloy (nitinol) with unique memory characteristics forms the basis of an experimental device which promises even greater safety, simplicity and speed of introduction. It is inserted as a straight thin wire via the small bore catheter used for angiographic diagnosis. Upon reaching the lumen of the inferior vena cava and sensing body temperature, it reverts to its preset complex filter shape and locks into place permanently. It will trap further thromboemboli from the pelvis or lower limbs.
TL;DR: Bone scintigraphy was used to evaluate 34 patients with the physical findings and history of stress fracture of the lower extremity as mentioned in this paper, and 21 had abnormal studies, 11 involving the femoral neck, 9 the tibia, and 1 the femur.
Abstract: Bone scintigraphy was used to evaluate 34 patients with the physical findings and history of stress fracture of the lower extremity. Of the 34, 21 had abnormal studies, 11 involving the femoral neck, 9 the tibia, and 1 the femur. All of these had abnormal scintiscans prior to or at the time of the appearance of radiographic changes. Of the 9 with abnormal tibial studies, radiographic changes never evolved in 3. No false negatives were found among the 13 with normal scintiscans.
TL;DR: Computed tomography is an extremely accurate method of obtaining more definitive diagnostic information about a renal mass discovered on a urogram.
Abstract: Computed tomography is an extremely accurate method of obtaining more definitive diagnostic information about a renal mass discovered on a urogram. Benign renal cysts are readily distinguished from solid renal neoplasms, and CT is often valuable in characterizing possible juxtarenal masses. The cause of a nonfunctioning kidney(s) on a urogram can often be discerned, and hydronephrosis is easily detected.
TL;DR: A helpful line is presented to aid in the solution of this problem and the anatomy of normal and abnormal (fracture-dislocation) motion at the C2-C3 level will be discussed.
Abstract: Differentiating pseudo-dislocation of the cervical spine from true fracture-dislocation of C2 on C3 is often difficult in children. Normal anterior position of C2 on C3 secondary to normal mobility of this area may be so pronounced that it seems true dislocation is present. A helpful line is presented to aid in the solution of this problem and the anatomy of normal and abnormal (fracture-dislocation) motion at the C2-C3 level will be discussed.
TL;DR: Computed tomography alleviates the need for repeat angiography while following the patient's clinical evolution since it clearly shows rebleed, edema follwoing vasospasm, and hydrocephalus.
Abstract: Computed tomography (CT) is a reliable technique for examining patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracranial aneurysms. Extravasated blood is easily recognized and the location of the ruptured aneurysm may frequently be predicted by its distribution into the subarachnoid spaces and brain parenchyma. CT alleviates the need for repeat angiography while following the patient's clinical evolution since it clearly shows rebleed, edema follwoing vasospasm, and hydrocephalus.
TL;DR: Postmortem angiography of the liver in 50 patients with HCC suggests that arterio-portal shunts are the result of the special vasculature in HCC and are highly diagnostic when accompanied by other angiographic changes.
Abstract: Hepatic angiograms of 114 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were studied, particularly changes in the portal vein branches. Arterio-portal shunts of varying sizes, evidenced by opacification of intrahepatic portal branches, were seen in 72 cases (63.2%), with retrograde opacification of the portal vein trunk in 29 (25.4%). At least four types of shunts were found: (a) through a tumor thrombus in the portal branch, (b) in a retrograde direction via a peripheral tumor nodule, (c) through a small tumor invading or amputating an artery, and (d) through a tumor located near a major portal vein branch and supplied by a large, coiling artery. Postmortem angiography of the liver in 50 patients with HCC suggests that arterio-portal shunts are the result of the special vasculature in HCC and are highly diagnostic when accompanied by other angiographic changes.
TL;DR: In this article, radiofrequency current fields and x irradiation were used to treat spontaneous animal tumors with spontaneous heat stroke and malignant hyperthermia, respectively, for the treatment of cancer.
Abstract: Systemic hyperthermia in man may occur by accident, as in heat stroke or malignant hyperthermia during general anesthesia, or it may be therapeutically induced (fever therapy). The latter has been used infrequently since the advent of antibiotics, except recently for treatment of cancer. Local or regional heating combined with x irradiation for human cancer therapy has been sporadically reported for over 60 years, but has not found its place in clinical medicine possibly due to technical limitations in heat production and dosimetry. Preliminary results are reported for treatment of spontaneous animal tumors with radiofrequency current fields and x irradiation.
TL;DR: Three extra-axial posterior fossa epidermoid tumors manifested nearly identical CT appearance of large size, sharp margination, apparently homogeneously increased attenuation in the range of 80-120 Hounsfield units, and absence of contrast-agent enhancement.
Abstract: Epidermoid tumors may appear as sharply marginated, dense lesions measuring 80–120 Hounsfield units on noncontrast CT scans rather than as the homogeneously lucent lesions measuring −8 to +32 Hounsfield units previously described. The characteristic density range and the lack of contrast enhancemerrt distinguish dense epidermoid tumors from other lesions.
TL;DR: Laboratory data from studies of hyperthermia as a potential antitumor agent indicate that tumor cells may be more sensitive to heat than normal tissue and the oxygen effect is absent for hyperthermic cell killing.
Abstract: Laboratory data from studies of hyperthermia as a potential antitumor agent indicate that: (a) tumor cells may be more sensitive to heat than normal tissue; (b) hyperthermia enhances response to irradiation and can increase the therapeutic ratio; (c) cells are most sensitive to hyperthermia during the S-phase, when they are resistant to ionizing radiations; (d) the oxygen effect is absent for hyperthermic cell killing, and radiation effects are less oxygen-dependent when potentiated by heat treatment; and (e) biological damage changes more rapidly at temperatures above 43 degrees C. Methods of heat production and dosimetry need to be refined further before these findings can be put to practical use in tumor therapy.
TL;DR: Toxicity studies were performed in 12 patients for a total of 16 assays, and drug concentrations in solid tumor tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood did not significantly differ from that of metronidazole.
Abstract: RO-07-0582 toxicity studies were performed in 12 patients for a total of 16 assays. Single and multifraction dose schedules were used, and drug concentrations in solid tumor tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood (at 14 to 24 hr.) were established. A severe peripheral neuropathy occurred in 1 patient on the multifraction regimen when the total dosage reached 24 g. Drug absorption and concentration in the blood do not significantly differ from that of metronidazole. Maximum blood levels were reached at from 2 to 4 hr., and several days subsequent to administration had stabilized to levels only slightly above control levels.
TL;DR: The cervical or lumbosacral region of the rat spinal cord was irradiated with 300-kV x rays as discussed by the authors, and the results suggest that tolerance of the spinal cord depends very strongly on the number of fractions given and only to a small extent on the overall time of treatment.
Abstract: The cervical or lumbosacral region of the rat spinal cord was irradiated with 300-kV x rays. Syndromes of radiation myelopathy similar to those in man were observed in rats. Iso-effect curves for tolerance in relation to the number of fractions at daily intervals have a slope of 0.44 and 0.42 on a log-log scale for the cervical and lumbosacral regions, respectively. With intervals of up to 7 days, no significant further increase in tolerance was observed. Low dose rate treatments indicate a half-time of 1.5 hr. for repair of subeffective damage. These results suggest that tolerance of the spinal cord depends very strongly on the number of fractions given and only to a small extent on the overall time of treatment.
TL;DR: The initial chest radiographs of 31 patients with laboratory-proved pneumonia were evaluated by a panel of 6 radiologists who had no prior knowledge of the clinical data, and no statistical reliability was found for distinguishing bacterial from nonbacterial pneumonia.
Abstract: The initial chest radiographs of 31 patients with laboratory-proved pneumonia were evaluated by a panel of 6 radiologists who had no prior knowledge of the clinical data. No statistical reliability was found for distinguishing bacterial from nonbacterial pneumonia. Radiographic diagnoses were 67% accurate for the 16 cases of bacterial pneumonia, and 65% accurate for the 9 viral cases. Six cases of Mycoplasma pneumonia were diagnosed as nonbacterial 19% of the time, and as "bacterial pneumonia" 81% of the time.
TL;DR: There has been no apparent association of ultrasonic pattern with either the histologic type of neoplasm or the angiographic vascularity in malignant hepatic neoplasms studied by gray scale ultrasound.
Abstract: Ninety malignant hepatic neoplasms were studied by gray scale ultrasound. Four different ultrasonic patterns were observed: (a) discrete, relatively echo-free masses; (b) discrete, relatively echogenic masses; (c) totally echo-free masses; and (d) a diffuse alteration of echo architecture without discrete masses. There has been no apparent association of ultrasonic pattern with either the histologic type of neoplasm or the angiographic vascularity. Corresponding isotopic data is discussed.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The results suggest that tolerance of the spinal cord depends very strongly on the number of fractions given and only to a small extent on the overall time of treatment.
Abstract: The cervical or lumbosacral region of the rat spinal cord was irradiated with 300-kV x rays. Syndromes of radiation myelopathy similar to those in man were observed in the rats. Isoeffect curves for tolerance in relation to the number of fractions at daily intervals have a slope of 0.44 and 0.42 on a log-log scale for the cervical and lumbosacral regions, respectively. With intervals of up to 7 days, no significant further increase in tolerance was observed. Low dose rate treatments indicate a half-time of 1.5 hr for repair of subeffective damage. These results suggest that tolerance of the spinal cord depends very strongly on the number of fractions given and only to a small extent on the overall time of treatment.
TL;DR: Seven cases of ring blush following spontaneous and post-traumatic, subacute and chronic intracerebral hematoma are presented and Serial CT demonstrates disappearance of the ring blush from two to six months after the first scan.
Abstract: Seven cases of ring blush following spontaneous and post-traumatic, subacute and chronic intracerebral hematoma are presented. As such a hematoma ages, a ring blush may be seen following contrast-agent enhancement. Serial CT demonstrates disappearance of the ring blush from two to six months after the first scan. The CT appearance of the ring blush is not specific for hematoma, but its peripheral location and lack of mass effect may be considered suggestive of hematoma with appropriate clinical findings. The characteristic serial changes permit correct diagnosis without surgical intervention in most cases.