Showing papers in "Regional and Sectoral Economic Studies in 2015"

Transformation and concentration of intellectual capital as a factor of economic growth in the modern economy

Abstract: World experience shows that the high economic and social performance of the industrialized countries, their dynamism and flexibility in a progressive change in the structure of production in the direction of post-industrial society is directly related to the development of scientific and technological revolution, the effective use of its achievements. The hypothesis of the study is the assumption that the capacity of scientific and intellectual potential and its penetration into all areas without exception social production contributes to economic growth. At the present stage the concentration of intellectual capital has significant potential for economic activity, projecting the vector of development of society. This is a key factor, the development of which has a fairly comprehensive resource for qualitative and quantitative changes and time parameters. The study attempts to influence the transformation of scientific evidence and the concentration of intellectual capital on economic growth. The author defines the concept and essence of the concentration of intellectual capital, explores the main ways the concentration of intellectual capital, analyzes the process of reproduction of the intellectual capital and reveals a link gain imbalance of scientific and technological development of the major subsystems of the world economy and individual countries with the outflow of intellectual capital.

Harmonization of Strategic Planning Indicators of Territories’ Socioeconomic Growth

Abstract: An important element of strategic management of social-economic development is the plan of this development. Strategic planning on regional level is impossible without certain goals and guidelines which are mentioned in the documents belonging to a higher management level. Therefore, macroeconomic indicators of the strategic plans on national and regional levels must be coordinated. The analysis carried out in this article allowed us to underline the necessity to harmonize the basic indicators of the accepted territory development strategies in Russia, as well as the directions for this harmonization.

Institutional designing of continuous education in Russia under the conditions of neo-economy and globalization

Abstract: The authors consider ways of innovative development of Russia under conditions of the new economy. In the author’s opinion, the mechanism of realization of strategic goals should be accompanied by creation of institutions of ‘breakthrough’ of the Russian Federation into the world economic community and be comprehensive. The necessity of systematic work not only in the economic field, but also in the fields of education, law and politics is shown. Conclusion: the countries that cannot provide the necessary level of education of their citizens, development of science, are doomed, among other things, to deep dependence on the international financial centers and to the role of the source of human resources for the TNCs.

Manufacturing and development in countries and areas of America, 2000-2010

Abstract: We analyze the evolution of manufacturing and development in 22 American countries for the period 2000-2010, following our previous studies of the period 1980-1999. We find some advance in industrial development of several American countries for the period of study, but unfortunately we may notice stagnation and even diminution in some developing countries. Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) requires that international cooperation play a role to foster industrialization in many countries with a low level of manufacturing activities, given the positive impact of industry on non industrial development. The paper contributes to show empirical evidence in favour of Kaldor´s perspective on the positive role of industrialization.

Development of Social Tourism: Organizational, Institutional, and Financial Aspects

Abstract: The aim of this article is to study the modern social tourism and foreign experience for the development of scientific and practical recommendations as to development of social tourism in Russia. The subject of the research is a variety of organizational and economic, institutional aspects of development of social tourism. The research showed the problems restraining the development of social tourism; it was found that their solution is possible on the basis of combination of various market and non-market elements, including mechanisms of government regulation. Based on the results of analysis of statistic data and results of empiric study, the authors developed recommendations as to development of social tourism. As the main parameters which characterize the development of social tourism, the number of children that recreated in children’s recreational institutions and number of persons accommodated in sanatorium-resort organizations were taken. For evaluation of perspectives of development of social tourism, a forecast for 2015-2017 was developed, using the listed above parameters, experts’ evaluations, and methods of probabilistic and statistic modeling. The calculations, conducted by authors, showed that realization of offers as to development of social tourism will allow increasing the number of recreated persons by 50%.

The Economic Performance of Immigrants with Canadian Education

Abstract: According to the literature on the economic situation of immigrants, non-recognition of human capital acquired outside of the host country is one of the greatest challenges that immigrants have to overcome when they arrive in Canada. This article exploits data from a Canadian survey conducted in 2005 involving postsecondary graduates from the Class of 2000 in order to determine whether obtaining a Canadian diploma or degree helps eliminate wage gaps between immigrants and native-born Canadians. The advantage of using these data is that they allow for a comparison of groups who were educated under the same education system and entered the labour market at the same time. Essentially, our results show that age at immigration is an important determinant of labour market integration even after obtaining a Canadian diploma or degree. Those who immigrated at a very young age obtained comparable -- and even, in the case of men, higher -- wages than Canadian-born graduates. For immigrants who arrived as adults (i.e., at age 18 or older), the results reveal, all things being equal, a negative wage gap of 17% for men and 5.2% for women, relative to Canadian-born men and women. Econometric analyses also confirm the important impact of source region on the wages of immigrants who arrived as adults. Immigrants coming from Asia, the principal source of immigration to Canada, have a substantial wage disadvantage, in the case of both men and women. To conclude, the fact of returning to school after immigration and obtaining a Canadian diploma or degree does not guarantee that wage gaps with native-born Canadians will be eliminated; however, immigrant women do relatively better than immigrant men.

Organizaciones de Conocimiento y Sistemas Regionales de Innovación en Países en Desarrollo. Estudio de Caso para Argentina

Abstract: Fil: Pasciaroni, Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur; Argentina

Poverty, Growth, Structural Change and Social Inclusion Programs: A Regional Analysis of Peru

Abstract: Under a relative liberal market model of growth and social inclusion programs, in the last decade Peru has had one of highest rate of economic growth and declining levels of poverty and its severity in Latin America. However, more than 60% of the labor force in its 24 regions is still employed in informal activities of low productivity indicating absence of a significant structural change. This paper presents evidence suggesting that such declining rates may be explained by the regional labor reallocation measure of structural change between informal and formal activities rather than social inclusion programs and regional economic growth.

Manufacturing and Development in Countries and Areas of Asia-Pacific, 2000-2010

Abstract: We analyze the evolution of manufacturing and development in 30 countries or territories of Asia-Pacific, for the period 2000-2010, following our previous studies of the period 1980-1999. We find importance advance in industrial development of several countries for the period of study, particularly in the cases of the two most populated countries: China and India. Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) requires international cooperation to play a role in order to foster industrialization in many countries with a low level of manufacturing activities, given the positive impact of industry on non industrial development. The paper contributes to show empirical evidence in favour of Kaldor´s perspective on the positive role of industrialization.

Public-private partnerships for real estate projects: current framework and new trends

Abstract: Purpose -In the current economic context, caused by the financial crisis which began in 2007 and by the economic downturn that it triggered, the interest in developing projects through public-private partnerships is growing. There is no question that for the world's real estate market the events of recent years represented the greatest crisis since the 1930s and had a devastatingimpact on the availability of public resources. In this scenario, there is a clear need for the establishment of advanced, innovative approaches in order to avoid delays in execution of real estate projects, which are highly capital-intensive, and in orde r to ensure quality and cost-effective service delivery. In view of the above, this paper analyses the framework and the new trends in public-private partnerships, such as the constitution of public-private real estate funds that allow risk allocation on an agreed basis, primarily for the development of projects with positive externalities. Design/methodology/approach - Through data collection, the study analyses the current situation of public-private partnerships in the global real estate industry. It identifies the main forms of collaboration, the legal structure of the partnerships, types of public and private organizations involved, allocation of risks among project stakeholders, the project leadership team, financial contributions, kinds of projects developed, and the key factors for success. Findings – The present framework of advanced and innovative public-private partnerships for real estate projects and the new trends being introduced aim to combine a better allocation of public resources with the competitive approach provided by private participation. Originality/value The limited availability of public resources and the high financial investment required to carry out real estate projects make it imperative to find complex, innovative ways of developing projects of this kind with positive externalities for society

Evaluating the structural effects of a big cultural event: the case of the International Expo Zaragoza 2008

Abstract: In the summer of 2008, the International Expo Zaragoza 2008 “Water and Sustainable Development” was held in Zaragoza (Aragon, Spain). This project was expected to modernize the city and transform the Aragonese economy, with positive long-term effects on production and employment. The aim of this paper is to analyze these effects from an economic perspective, analyzing the impacts produced by the investments and tourism expenditures associated with this Expo and the structural changes, measured by forward and backward linkages and dependence graphs. Our results suggest that the small and non-permanent structural transformations are balanced by the negative effects of the international crisis.

Análisis y explotación mediante modelos económicos multisectoriales de la matriz de contabilidad social de Andalucía para 2008

Abstract: espanolPartiendo de la Matriz de Contabilidad Social de Andalucia del ano 2008 (MCSAN-08), elaborada para el Instituto de Estadistica y Cartografia de Andalucia, con gran cantidad de informacion desagregada y con un elevado grado de fiabilidad, es posible realizar analisis suficientemente solidos como para servir de soporte en el estudio de la situacion social y economica de la region, asi como para la toma de decisiones de politica economica en el corto, medio e incluso en el largo plazo El objetivo del trabajo consiste, basicamente, en la explotacion de esta base informativa para realizar un analisis en profundidad de la economia andaluza, mediante en el uso de los modelos lineales provenientes de la metodologia Input-Output, pero incorporando las amplias posibilidades de obtencion de informacion relevante que permite la estructura de una MCS EnglishStarting from the Social Accounting Matrix of Andalusia 2008 (MCSAN-08), developed for the Institute of Statistics and Cartography of Andalusia, with lots of disaggregated information and a high degree of reliability, it is possible to perform analysis strong enough to provide support in the study of the social and economic situation of the region and for making economic policy decisions in the short, medium and even long term The aim of the work is basically exploiting this information base for in-depth analysis of the regional economy through the use of linear models from the Input-Output methodology, but incorporating the wide possibilities of obtaining relevant information that allows the structure of a SAM

El sector cervecero artesanal español y sus posibilidades de internacionalización

Abstract: espanolEl auge del sector de la cerveza artesanal es imparable en los ultimos anos. En este articulo se analiza la situacion de dicho sector en Espana y se ofrece una perspectiva internacional del mismo. Ante la falta de publicaciones academicas vinculadas a este floreciente sector se plantea un estudio empirico entre las microcervecerias espanolas obteniendo como resultado un perfil de empresa y datos interesantes relacionados con la exportacion. Asimismo, se llega a la conclusion de que existen mercados extranjeros atractivos para el producto espanol, aunque sera necesario realizar transformaciones en el ambito nacional antes de centrarse en el exterior. EnglishThe rise of craft beer has been unstoppable for the last years. This paper analyzes the situation of the above mentioned sector in Spain and also it offers an international perspective. Before the lack of academic publications linked to this flourishing sector, an empirical study was realized among the Spanish microbreweries obtaining a business profile and interesting information related to the export. Likewise, the results of the research show that there are foreign attractive markets for the Spanish product, though it will be necessary to make transformations in the national area before focusing on the foreign countries.

Efectos del capital humano en el sector agrícola: Análisis de 12 países de la OCDE

Abstract: espanolLa literatura empirica tiene dificultades para medir el efecto del capital humano en el sector agricola. Esto puede deberse a la baja calidad de las variables de capital humano utilizadas tradicionalmente. El presente trabajo elabora un indicador de capital humano mas complejo que los que se vienen utilizando, y que tiene en cuenta las dimensiones cuantitativa y cualitativa del concepto. Nuestros hallazgos, medidos con el nuevo indicador, confirman un efecto positivo y significativo del capital humano sobre el valor agregado y la eficiencia del sector agricola. Aun mas, el nuevo indicador confirma que el capital humano altamente cualificado presenta un impacto positivo para el sector agricola, y que el capital humano de cualificacion media posee una importancia fundamental en el sector, dando cuenta de un aporte aun mayor que el del trabajo de baja cualificacion, lo que supone un hallazgo novedoso en el analisis del sector agricola. EnglishThe empirical literature has difficulties in measuring the impact of human capital in the agricultural sector. This may be due to the low quality of human capital variables traditionally used. This paper develops an indicator, more complex than those that have been used, which takes into account the quantitative and qualitative dimensions of human capital concept. Our findings, measured with the new indicator confirms a positive and significant effect of human capital on the added value and efficiency of the agricultural sector. Furthermore, the new indicator confirms that the highly skilled human capital has a positive impact on the agricultural sector, and that the medium-skilled human capital is of fundamental importance in the sector, showing an impact even greater than the contribution of labor low qualifications, which is a novel finding in the analysis of the agricultural sector.

Flood Crunch: A fiscal appraisal for commercial and residential properties in England

Abstract: This paper establishes and applies a coherent and concise empirical framework for evaluating damage costs for commercial and residential properties during flooding in England by incorporating a novel methodology i.e. Flood Cost Assessment Tool. This research also analyses whether these damage costs significantly impact on the national economy as well as local economies. This strategy differs from previous economic flood damage estimation models by focusing on different grades of properties and level of damage in various flood events across England. Results reveal that Environment Agency and British Insurers estimations are too optimistic and some vital aspects are often neglected. Indeed, the new estimates for England’s flooding costs for commercial and residential properties were found to be £1.6 Billion per year. While current English property damage costs represent only 0.1% of national (UK) and country (England) GDP, showing it to be inconsequential at either scale, it has considerable fiscal impact on local economies (County Councils) in both short and long term scenarios

Social and Economic Disproportion of Development of Russian Territories

Abstract: The article analyses the interdependencies between the development level of the regions’ social sphere and the level of their competitive power. The author traces the correlation between the level of living (living standards) and the level of the territories’ competitive power by the example of international ratings and statistical data regarding the development of the Russian regions. The study concludes that under the demographic disproportion of the Russian regional development, the territorial marketing will contribute to preserving the territorial integrity of the country by attracting and retaining top-notch specialists (residents), thus fulfilling the social function.

Parametres forecasting of Russian grain market in the long and short term

Abstract: The goal of this study is to characterize the prospects of development of the Russian grain market in the long term and the short term on the basis of generalization of experts’ opinions, as well as studying the dynamics of regional grain prices. Considering the complexity of collecting and summarizing the opinions of leading Russian experts on various issues, the comparison of their views with the views of local experts seems promising. The study of seasonal price fluctuations is important for the participants of the grain market, because it allows organizing effectively sales policy and significantly increasing the profits from the sale of certain months of price action.

Market Value and Performance of Brazilian Companies

Abstract: espanolLa investigacion analiza la relacion entre las medidas de rendimiento financiero, economico y de la deuda con el valor de las empresas brasilenas en el periodo 2001-2012. La muestra anoto 57 empresas no financieras listadas en la bolsa de valores de Sao Paulo (BM&FBOVESPA) fueron analizadas mediante regresion de datos de panel. El diseno de la investigacion incluyo el analisis de todas las empresas y cinco submuestras creadas de acuerdo al tamano (mayor y menor) y el periodo (antes y despues del ano 2008). Los resultados muestran que lo MVA® es la principal variable explicativa del valor de mercado de las empresas brasilenas. Las otras medidas de rendimiento se turnaron para explicar el valor de mercado en funcion del tamano y el periodo de analisis. EnglishThe research analyzes relation between measures of economic, financial and debt performance and market value of Brazilian companies from 2001 to 2012. The sample consisted of 57 non-financial companies listed on the Sao Paulo stock exchange (BM&FBOVESPA) which were analyzed using panel data regression. The research design included the analysis of all companies and of five subsamples created according to size (larger and smaller) and period (before and after 2008). Results show MVA® as the main explanatory variable of Brazilian companies’ market value. The other performance measures alternated in explaining the market value depending on the size and period of analysis.

Strategic-Spatial Analysis of the Implementation of Business Opening Politics of Mexico

Abstract: espanolLa finalidad de esta investigacion es analizar la estrategia de implementacion de la politica comercial aperturista de Mexico derivada de la globalizacion comercial, impulsando al pais a crear una serie de acuerdos y tratados comerciales sobre el libre movimiento de mercancias e integracion regional, convirtiendose en el pais con la red de acuerdos comerciales mas grande del mundo, incrementando su presencia y la de las empresas mexicanas en los mercados internacionales. De igual forma, se realiza un analisis espacial de los cinco ultimos periodos gubernamentales, quecomprenden 26 anos de politica comercial exterior y su impacto en los inversionistas extranjeros, el comercio exterior y las principales multinacionales del pais, situacion que obliga a las empresas mexicanas a centrarse en la innovacion y el desarrollo, adoptando procesos productivos mas competitivos. EnglishThe aim of this paper is to analyze the Mexican implementation strategy of trade policy openness due to the globalization trend, urging the country to create a series of trade agreements and treaties on free movement of goods and regional integration, becoming the country with the network of the world's largest trade agreements, increasing its presence and Mexican companies in international markets. Similarly, a spatial analysis of the last five governmental periods, comprising 26 years of foreign trade policy and its impact on foreign investors, foreign trade and main multinationals in Mexico, forcing them to centering in competitive productive processes and improving their internal organization, innovation and development.

Las determinaciones económicas de Los "Contratos Petroleros" En Argentina (1958-1963)

Abstract: Fil: Fitzsimons, Alejandro Luis. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Centro de Investigaciones sobre Economia y Sociedad en la Argentina Contemporanea; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina

Estudio sobre la viabilidad una prestación social básica en españa a study about the feasibility of a social protection benefit in spain

Abstract: El objetivo del trabajo es proponer una unica prestacion social basica (PSB) como instrumento para la racionalizacion del sistema de garantias minimas en Espana. La propuesta tiene como principal objetivo unificar las prestaciones actualmente existentes, homogeneizar la cuantia de las mismas, simplificar el sistema, facilitar el control de su coste y financiacion. La Prestacion se calcula en funcion de aquellos factores significativos estadisticamente en la regresion cuantilica del gasto familiar. Finalmente, como aproximacion al coste y a la viabilidad de financiacion de la propuesta, se determina el porcentaje que representa la PSB sobre los salarios, utilizando un modelo de reparto. The aim of this paper is to know if a proposal to implement a universal basic protection benefit could be feasible. It could be a way of unifying the different economic aids currently available in Spain. It implies a simplification of the benefit system and its cost. This paper calculates the lump sum of a basic protection benefit for the whole population. So, a quantile regression is used to determine the principal variables that explain the minimum vital expenditures. The total financial cost for Spain in 2010 has been calculated as well as its projection for the next years.

Ecological external effects of the functioning of the economic complex of the south of Russia

Abstract: The article explores the issues of heterogeneity of economic development of subjects (regions) of the southern Federal district, analyzes the impact of the economic activity on main indicators of pollution, which largely determine the quality of the natural environment. Authors show an assessment of air quality, recorded discharges of entities by contaminated wastewater, examines trends in waste production and consumption in the subjects of the Southern Federal district, most of which belong to the type of old industrial regions.The authors believe that the sustainable development of the mixed economy of Southern Russia needs measures of systemic nature, aimed at the rational use of resources in the process of managing and preserving the environment that requires correction of the district and regional strategies and programs for socio-economic development. That is now the priority of strategic territorial management, which involves the modernization of the economic complex of the Southern Federal district, taking into account the environmental imperative. It is becoming increasingly evident the necessity of a transformation of Federal districts into territorial centers for economic development, characterized by the economic space of a higher quality.

The Massó Fish Canning Company: An Innovative Family Business, 1883-1994

Abstract: Studying family companies which have carried out their activities throughout the years is a way to analyse the innovation process and to show the role of these companies in the spatial development and industrial location. This article deals with Salvador Masso e Hijos from its creation in 1883 to its closure in 1994. This company pioneered the manufacture of canned fish in Spain and succeeded in keeping the entrepreneurial spirit for three generations.