Showing papers in "Reviews of Physics in Technology in 1971"
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the mechanical properties of composite materials is presented, divided into six sections: introduction, elastic-plastic properties, fracture, cracks and notches, creep and fatigue.
Abstract: The mechanical behaviour of composite materials is examined. As far as is possible, the subject is discussed in terms of general principles, and the aim throughout has been to relate the behaviour of the composite to the geometrical arrangement and the properties of the component phases. Since the greatest advances have been made in the understanding of unidirectional fibrous composites these are given prominence, but where possible the discussion is made to include laminates and other structures. The review is divided into six sections: introduction, elastic-plastic properties, fracture, cracks and notches, creep and fatigue
24 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a view of holography in fields touching on lasers, coherent light and optical metrology, and try to convey how useful it is in practice at the present time.
Abstract: Presents a view of holography in fields touching on lasers, coherent light and optical metrology. In trying to convey how useful holography is likely to be in practice at the present time, examples are chosen which are, as far as possible, of proved worth, and most of these are concerned with mechanical testing. It is becoming evident, however, that holography is an art which permeates increasingly into all branches of optics, and has something to offer in every case. The hope and expectation for the future is therefore in the eventual emergence of much more powerful optical techniques in the production control, and detection of radiation carrying information which may well have far-reaching and beneficial effects on our whole way of life
9 citations
TL;DR: In quantitative electron probe microanalysis uncorrected concentrations are obtained by measuring characteristic x-ray intensities from specimen and standard as mentioned in this paper, and corrections must be applied to take account of the following effects: absorption of x-rays emerging from the specimen, fluorescence excitation, electron backscattering and the variation of electron stopping power with composition.
Abstract: In quantitative electron probe microanalysis uncorrected concentrations are obtained by measuring characteristic x-ray intensities from specimen and standard. Experimental aspects are discussed briefly. Corrections must be applied to take account of the following effects: absorption of x-rays emerging from the specimen, fluorescence excitation, electron backscattering and the variation of electron stopping power with composition. The physical basis of these effects and practical methods for calculating corrections are described. The special factors applying to the analysis of light elements (atomic number <11) are considered. The important part played by digital computers is discussed. Finally, the analytical accuracy obtainable at present and future developments in both theoretical and practical aspects are considered
7 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the design principles and construction of induction plasma torches are presented and the important problem of plasma stability and the methods of maintaining stability, over a range of conditions and in different gases, are then considered.
Abstract: The design principles and construction are first presented and the important problem of plasma stability and the methods of maintaining stability, over a range of conditions and in different gases, are then considered. The power supplies and the various methods that have been used to initiate the torches are described. The various measurements that have been made of the gas heating efficiency are summarized showing that with the latest torches up to 70% of the input power can be coupled to the plasma even in the highest power units ( approximately 1 MW) developed. The measurements of the temperature distributions that have been reported are also presented showing that off-axis peak temperatures occur as a result of rf heating being confined to a certain skin depth. The theoretical attempts that have been made to describe the plasma behaviour are presented. The numerous applications of induction plasma torches are described under four headings: use a spectroscopic source the spheroidation of refractory materials, the growth of crystals and the production of chemicals
5 citations
3 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the design of acoustical devices such as microphones, loudspeakers, etc. and the principles for reduction of sound through partitions in rooms, etc., followed by a description of the behaviour of sound waves and vibrating bodies and an outline of human response to sound.
Abstract: Covers acoustic design from two main aspects: the design of acoustical devices such as microphones, loudspeakers, etc. and the principles for reduction of sound through partitions in rooms, etc. These sections are preceded by a description of the behaviour of sound waves and vibrating bodies and an outline of human response to sound. Finally, special problems in silencing and in the diagnostic use of sound are described
2 citations
TL;DR: The development of the idea of social responsibility among scientists is described in this article, with particular regard to present attitudes towards science, and the aims of the recently formed British Society for Social Responsibility in Science.
Abstract: The development of the idea of social responsibility among scientists is described, with particular regard to present attitudes towards science, and the aims of the recently formed British Society for Social Responsibility in Science.
1 citations
1 citations