Showing papers in "Separation and Purification Reviews in 2003"
TL;DR: In this paper, an in-depth review of extractive distillation is presented, where a new solvent with high boiling point, i.e. separating agent, is added to the components to be separated, so as to increase their relative volatility.
Abstract: Extractive distillation is more and more commonly applied in industry, and becomes an important separation method in chemical engineering. This paper provides an in‐depth review for extractive distillation. Separation sequence of the columns, combination with other separation processes, tray configuration and operation policy are included in process of extractive distillation. Since the solvent plays an important role in the design of extractive distillation, such conventional and novel separating agents as solid salt, liquid solvent, the combination of liquid solvent and solid salt, and ionic liquid are concerned. The prominent characteristics of extractive distillation is that one new solvent with high boiling‐point, i.e. separating agent, is added to the components to be separated, so as to increase their relative volatility. Selection of a suitable solvent is fundamental to ensure an effective and economical design. CAMD as a useful tool is applied for screening the solvents and thus reducing the expe...
339 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors classified the literature on the field of ultrafiltration membranes and surfactants into five groups and a brief description of each article can be found in each article.
Abstract: Surfactants have been extensively used in ultrafiltration processes such as membrane cleaning,removal of surfactants or other organic toxic compounds and metal ions from solutions and estimation of interactions at surfactant and membrane interface. The aim of this review is to present the possibilities that arise from the data reported in the literature on the field of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes and surfactants. This data is classified into five groups and a brief description of each article is given. Pretreatment of membranes with surfactant solutions can lead to performance increase of UF process. By Micellar-Enhanced Ultrafiltration the separation of low molecular weight toxic substances and heavy metals is possible, extending the applications of conventional UF (e.g. separation of proteins). Through estimation of the type of interactions on membrane surface with surfactants the prediction of retention and removal of small size substances, the prevention of fouling, the modification of surfactant-membrane system, the design of new surfactant-membrane system could be achieved. Finally economical aspects of UF-surfactant processes are given.
35 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlight the salient features of pre-centrative separation procedures developed so far for inorganics wherein naphthols are used as chelating reagents and evaluate them critically.
Abstract: Solid phase extraction (SPE) has emerged as a powerful tool for separation/enrichment of inorganics, organics and biomolecules. The basic principle of SPE is the transfer of analytes from aqueous phase to the active sites of adjacent solid phase. The solid phase materials were prepared by sorption/chemical immobilization/coprecipitation of various chelating reagents or sorption of metal‐chelating agents onto solid supports such as activated carbon, naphthalene, silica and silica gel, glassbeads, cellulose, polyurethane foam and polymer supports. This review highlights the salient features of SPE preconcentrative separation procedures developed so far for inorganics wherein naphthols are used as chelating reagents and evaluates them critically.
29 citations
TL;DR: Affinity chromatography can be defined as a liquid chromatographic technique that utilizes ‘‘biological interactions’’ for the separation and analysis of specific analytes in a sample (IUPAC).
Abstract: Liquid chromatographic methods like reversed‐phase, normal‐phase, size‐exclusion, and ion‐exchange methods are important in modern clinical laboratories. However, a related technique that is seeing...
14 citations
TL;DR: Aboul Enein et al. as discussed by the authors presented separation techniques in clinical chemistry, which are used in the field of clinical pharmacology, including separation techniques and separation techniques for cancer diagnosis.
Abstract: #Reprinted from Separation Techniques in Clinical Chemistry, Aboul‐Enein, H.A., Ed.; Marcel Dekker, Inc.: New York, 2003; 433–487.
8 citations