Showing papers in "Sociological Quarterly in 1983"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors break with tradition and propose that satisfaction can be expressed as a unit of analysis, instead of individual satisfaction, which has traditionally been regarded as the appropriate unit.
Abstract: Students of neighborhood satisfaction have traditionally regarded the individual as the appropriate unit of analysis. In this present paper we break with tradition proposing that satisfaction can a...
118 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a large and rapidly growing urban population characterized social structural change in less-developed countries, and this was in contrast to the developmental patterns which accompanied structuring in less developed countries.
Abstract: Excessively large and rapidly growing urban populations characterize social structural change in less-developed countries. This is in contrast to the developmental patterns which accompanied struct...
118 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the causal order of the causal relationships between sanction threat-behavior relationships in the context of sanction threats and sanction threats, and propose a causal order-based approach.
Abstract: Research on sanction threat-behavior relationships has suffered because investigators, using cross-sectional data, have failed to meet methodological requirements concerning the causal order of var...
86 citations
TL;DR: Despite growing interest in publicly preferred punishments for criminal offenses, investigators have paid relatively little attention to the criteria used by the public to determine appropriate pun puns for criminal offences as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Despite growing interest in publicly preferred punishments for criminal offenses, investigators have paid relatively little attention to the criteria used by the public to determine appropriate pun...
76 citations
TL;DR: Reference group theory is used to help resolve an anomaly: the relationships among religiosity, socioeconomic status, and sexual morality as discussed by the authors, and it has shown that while SES and religiosity are correlated, sexual morality is not.
Abstract: Reference group theory is used to help resolve an anomaly: the relationships among religiosity, socioeconomic status, and sexual morality. Past research has shown that while SES and religiosity are...
68 citations
TL;DR: Using a sample of 387 male federal employees who responded to a questionnaire, this paper tested two theoretical perspectives concerning the effect of women's labor force participation on men's work, and found that women's participation in the labor force had a negative effect on men' work.
Abstract: Using a sample of 387 male federal employees who responded to a questionnaire, this study tests two theoretical perspectives concerning the effect of women's labor force participation on men's work...
61 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined the relationship between gender and sentencing severity in the criminal justice system, focusing on the extent to which gender influences sentencing and the proportion of women to men involved in criminal sentences.
Abstract: This study examines the relationship between gender and sentencing severity in the criminal justice system. Analysis focuses (1) on the extent to which gender influences sentencing and (2) on the p...
52 citations
TL;DR: In order to determine the directions which the field of sociology of occupations has taken in recent years, a content analysis of articles on work and occupations in four general sociological journals is conducted.
Abstract: In order to determine the directions which the field of sociology of occupations has taken in recent years, a content analysis of articles on work and occupations in four general sociological journ...
50 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the nature of critical theory, its historical development, its connections to sociology and Marxism, and the central debates over its core ideas are described, as well as a discussion of the main debates over their core ideas.
Abstract: This paper describes the nature of critical theory, its historical development, its connections to sociology and Marxism, and the central debates over its core ideas.
35 citations
TL;DR: The authors formulates a cyclical model of social problem development in which the history of a social problem is traced by the interplay of political and historical forces, and uses it to model the evolution of social problems.
Abstract: The genesis and course of a social problem results from the interplay of political and historical forces. This paper formulates a cyclical model of social problem development in which the history o...
34 citations
TL;DR: The sociology of science has undergone considerable growth and diversification in recent years as discussed by the authors, and it was developed within philosophical debates regarding the nature of science, as discussed in this paper.
Abstract: The sociology of science has undergone considerable growth and diversification in recent years. Early sociology of science was developed within philosophical debates regarding the nature of science...
TL;DR: A review of the fertility surveys that derived from concern about postwar fertility trends the kind and relative importance of the demographic components constituting the fertility increase of the period can be found in this paper.
Abstract: Explanations of the marked rise in the birthrate that occurred in the US during the late 1940s and the 1950s the "baby boom" were examined in light of the recent research on the nature and magnitude of its demographic components. Discussion includes a review of the fertility surveys that derived from concern about postwar fertility trends the kind and relative importance of the demographic components constituting the fertility increase of the period an assessment of explanations of the baby boom and a reinterpretation of the rise in average family size that was a demographically small but theoretically significant part of the increase in the birthrate. Clearly the baby boom had many causes. Theories about the effects of economic prosperity and relative cohort size offer aggregate level bases for accounting for the 2 major contributing factors to the baby boom namely earlier childbearing and the increase in the proportion of women having at least 2 children. Yet these explanations are incomplete unless some operating role is assigned to other factors. This is particularly clear in explaining the proportion of women having at least 2 children. This proportion increased substantially during the baby boom years but family sizes also became more homogeneous as the relative number of large families decreased. In the aggregate more and more couples enjoyed conditions that enabled them to realize this "normative" fertility. These conditions did not foster an increase in "discretionary" fertility beyond the norm. The individual level mechanisms inplied by the hypothesis that fertility moves procyclically with economic conditions and that it varies inversely with cohort sizes do not seem to have operated at higher parities. Analysis of the explanations of the slight increase in average family size occurring during the baby boom -- much of which was attributable to unintended fertility suggest that social and cultural factors during the era supported having families while at the same time increasing the cost of having large families. If economic prosperity made marriage and family formation easier increasing labor force participation among married women of childbearing ages in the absence of changes in traditional sex role attitudes made having large families more difficult.
TL;DR: This article analyzed how the differentiation of higher education into sectors affects current occupational status among a homogeneous age population, and found that the type of first college entered is a significant variable in analyzing differences in occupational status, even when holding constant variations in ability, socioeconomic background, and college goal.
Abstract: Based on the Fames data, the author analyzes how the differentiation of higher education into sectors affects current occupational status among a homogeneous age population. The sample consists of young men and women ten years after high school graduation. Past studies analyzing correlations between educational level and occupational status virtually ignore the effects of community college attendance. Most earlier work defines school quality solely in terms of per-pupil expenditures, but these studies fail to account for the complexity of the higher educational system in the United States today. My research shows that the type of first college entered is a significant variable in analyzing differences in occupational status, even when holding constant variations in ability, socioeconomic background, and college goal. The average status of four-year college entrants' jobs is almost 12 points higher on the Duncan scale than the status of community college entrants' jobs. Community college entrants suffer an occupational penalty, compared to four-year college entrants, even when controlling for years of education.
TL;DR: A content analysis of applications, critiques, and alternatives to the status attainment model over the last decade illustrates the "life-cycle" phases of a scientific research area that are suggested by Kuhn as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A Kuhnian approach to the structure of scientific research is used to examine the historical development of the status attainment paradigm in sociology. A content analysis of applications, critiques, and alternatives to the status attainment model over the last decade illustrates the “life-cycle” phases of a scientific research area that are suggested by Kuhn. The analysis reveals an extension or elaboration of the paradigmatic research effort throughout early years of the decade. However, the perception of “anomalies” by critics of the research tradition, coupled with the increasing exploration of alternative approaches, suggests the onset of a crisis stage for status attainment research.
TL;DR: Aspirations may be measured in absolute terms, by asking individuals how much of a given goal they desire, or in relative terms as mentioned in this paper, where the goal is defined as the sum of their desired goals relative to a given objective.
Abstract: Aspirations may be measured in absolute terms, by asking individuals how much of a given goal they desire, or in relative terms, by asking individuals how much they desire a given goal relative to ...
TL;DR: Social-Structural Analysis: Some Notes on Its History and Prospects as discussed by the authors, is a history of social-structural analysis with a focus on the relationship between social structures and social relations.
Abstract: (1984). Social-Structural Analysis: Some Notes on Its History and Prospects. The Sociological Quarterly: Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 5-26.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors suggest aspects of a framework for integrating social movement literature and leadership experience in a successful social movement organization, drawing upon insights from the social movements literature as well as leadership experience from successful social movements.
Abstract: Drawing upon insights from the social movement literature as well as leadership experience in a successful social movement organization, this paper suggests aspects of a framework for integrating t...
TL;DR: This paper examined the earnings inequality between Hispanic-origin men and non-Hispanic white men using the 1976 Survey of Income and Education and found that human capital and labor supply variables have more impact on Hispanic earnings than labor market characteristics.
Abstract: This study examines earnings inequality between Hispanic-origin men and non-Hispanic white men (referred to as white) using the 1976 Survey of Income and Education. Results show that human capital and labor supply variables have more impact on Hispanic earnings than labor market characteristics. Post-school job experience and weeks worked conform most consistently to the predictions of micro-economic labor theory. Formal schooling, while positively related to earnings, does not uniformly influence job rewards among Hispanic-origin groups. Ecological variables (social and economic organization) of the labor market have less impact on earnings. There is some evidence that whites benefit from the presence of large concentrations of minority workers, while two Hispanic groups—native Mexican and other Spanish men—are negatively affected by high concentrations of Hispanic workers. A composition analysis shows that from 10 to 50 percent of the earnings gap between Hispanic and white men may be attributable to discrimination.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated several issues pertaining to the urban informal sector and cityward migration in Philippine cities, and the analysis of cross-sectional national demographic data revealed the fou...
Abstract: This study investigates several issues pertaining to the urban informal sector and cityward migration in Philippine cities. The analysis of cross-sectional national demographic data reveals the fou...
TL;DR: The authors examined the extent to which these same responses are found in an industrialized area and found that scarcity and economic decline do decrease social relations and cause some individuals (those with less formal education) to use more traditional means to solve problems, but they do not cause people to become more passive in respect to community leaders.
Abstract: Studies of pre-industrial societies suggest that in response to protracted scarcity, individuals experience a decline in social relations, return to traditional practices and values, and become more subordinate to those in authority. In this paper, we examine the extent to which these same responses are found in an industrialized area. Evidence from survey data suggests that scarcity and economic decline do decrease social relations and cause some individuals (those with less formal education) to use more traditional means to solve problems, but they do not cause people to become more passive in respect to community leaders. Factors that may account for the different responses to scarcity in industrial and pre-industrial societies are discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors test Roof's (1972,1976,1978) local-cosmopolitan theory of religious commitment using a sample of Catholics living in west Tennessee and find that, consistent with Roof's theory, local community refer...
Abstract: This study tests Roof's (1972,1976,1978) local-cosmopolitan theory of religious commitment using a sample of Catholics living in west Tennessee. Consistent with Roof's theory, local community refer...
TL;DR: It was concluded that, while father's occupation is the main component, it does not fully capture the impact of occupational origin, and intergenerational mobility may be less frequent.
Abstract: The concept of “occupational origin” has traditionally been measured by father's occupation only, especially in studies of occupational mobility. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the occupations of other family members are additional components of men's occupational origins Using data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Mature Men, the traditional father-son mobility table was expanded to include paternal grandfathers' occupations and mothers' occupations. Log-linear analyses of these expanded mobility tables showed that paternal grandfathers' and mothers' occupations have significant associations with sons' occupations, controlling for level of fathers' occupations. The association between grandfathers' and sons' occupations is stronger than that between mothers' and sons' occupations. It was concluded that, while father's occupation is the main component, it does not fully capture the impact of occupational origin. Consequently, intergenerational mobility may be less frequent than is indicated in traditional father-son mobility analyses.
TL;DR: In this article, an analysis of the determinants of change in suburban fringe black residential segregation between 1960 and 1970 is conducted for the 45 largest Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA).
Abstract: An analysis of the determinants of change in suburban fringe black residential segregation between 1960 and 1970 is conducted for the 45 largest Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA) using...
TL;DR: Sociology at the University of Kansas began in 1889, making it one of the oldest departments in the country as discussed by the authors, with special attention given to courses offered, faculty development, and the expansion of its graduate program.
Abstract: Sociology at the University of Kansas began in 1889, making it one of the oldest departments in the country. This paper sketches its first 94 years, with special attention given to courses offered, faculty development, and the expansion of its graduate program. Suggestions for further research are made regarding sociology not only at this university, but others as well.
TL;DR: This paper found that student aptitude explains only a small portion of the students' ability groups and curriculum tracks assigned to ability groups based on students' aptitude for learning, while assigning ability groups to students is largely based on their ability for learning.
Abstract: While assignment to ability groups and curriculum tracks is ostensibly based on students' aptitude for learning, previous research has found that student aptitude explains only a small portion of t...
TL;DR: In this article, three competing theories of how urbanism affects social-psychological well-being are tested using data from London, England; Los Angeles, California; and Sydney, Australia.
Abstract: Three competing theories of how urbanism affects social-psychological well-being are tested using data from London, England; Los Angeles, California; and Sydney, Australia. Path analyses are conduc...
TL;DR: This paper examined the characteristics of the court process and examined the achievement of face-to-face interactions in a courtroom where plea bargaining and other official and unofficial activities occur, and found that defendants' contributions to the courtroom's social order are related to character assessment, a central activity in plea bargaining.
Abstract: The bureaucratic characteristics of the court process are examined as achievement-of face-to-face interactions in a courtroom where plea bargaining and other official and unofficial activities occur. Bargaining sessions are insulated from intrusion by standard practices which protect focused interactions. Defendants are “processed” not in any automatic way, but by carefully orchestrated lines of interaction, which render those defendants indistinguishable to judges and other observers. These features are due not to “overcrowding,” but to the way conduct is organized in the court. Defendants' contributions to the courtroom's social order are related to character assessment, a central activity in plea bargaining.
TL;DR: The causal significance of elite structure and behavior has been increasingly stressed in the context of collective protest as discussed by the authors, and this trend is an unexamined manifestation of the broader and widely discuss...
Abstract: Efforts to explain collective protest have increasingly stressed the causal significance of elite structure and behavior. This trend is an unexamined manifestation of the broader and widely discuss...
TL;DR: The authors argued that sociological theories of ethnicity can be subsumed under two basic paradigms: modernity means increasing individual freedom (an assumption derived from classical libera cation).
Abstract: It is argued that sociological theories of ethnicity can be subsumed under two basic paradigms. One assumes modernity means increasing individual freedom (an assumption derived from classical liber...
TL;DR: The authors reveals that sociologists disagree on the composition of the working class and neglect to specify relationships among its manual, clerical, and service workers, contrary to Marxi....
Abstract: Postwar literature reveals that sociologists disagree on the composition of the working class and neglect to specify relationships among its manual, clerical, and service workers. Contrary to Marxi...