Southwestern journal of anthropology 

About: Southwestern journal of anthropology is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Kinship & Population. It has an ISSN identifier of 0038-4801. Over the lifetime, 712 publications have been published receiving 14359 citations.

Psychological Acculturation in a Tri-Ethnic Community

Abstract: IN A RECENT PAPER BY GOODENOUGH (1964), a distinction is made between the "phenomenal order" of observable events and their regularities, and the "ideational order," or the beliefs, attitudes, and values held by a group's members. In our studies of acculturation, changes in the phenomenal order, since easiest to observe, have received primary attention, while changes in the ideational order, or "psychological acculturation," have been relatively neglected. There is some good pioneer work on which to build, such as Thompson (1948), Vogt (1951), Rapaport (1954), and Caudill and Scarr (1962). But the main thrust of research on the psychological aspects of the acculturation process appears to have focused on the emotionally disturbing influence of culture contact and the level of resynthesis which may occur (Hallowell 1942 and Spindler 1955, for example). Direct psychological acculturation is the focus of this paper: when culturally distinct groups are placed in continuous first-hand contact, can changes in the world view of the minority groups be demonstrated to occur in the direction of those held by the dominant group; and, if so, under what conditions is such psychological acculturation facilitated? This issue has practical as well as theoretical significance, since it is now recognized that aspects of world view widely held in traditional societies may serve as important psychological barriers to effective participation in urban-industrial life (Erasmus 1961; Foster 1962; Goodenough 1963; Graves 1961; Hagen 1962). If so, whatever we can learn about the process of change in such variables may provide a basis for charting effective strategies of planned intervention. THE RESEARCH SETTING

"To Give up on Words": Silence in Western Apache Culture

Abstract: Combining methods from ethnoscience and sociolinguistics, this paper presents an hypothesis to account for why, in certain types of situations, members of Western Apache society refrain from speech. Though cross-cultural data on silence behavior are almost wholly lacking, some evidence has been collected which suggests that this hypothesis may have relevance to other societies as well.

Analogy in Archaeological Interpretation

Abstract: THE WORK of the archaeologist can be divided into four tasks. First there is the formulation and refinement of concepts; second, data gathering and processing; third, the interpretation of the data, and finally, synthesis. The four tasks are obviously related in an hierarchical scheme: concepts enable meaningful synthesis, synthesis depends on interpretation, and interpretation is ultimately founded on archaeological data. Substantial progress has been made in approaches to the first, second, and fourth tasks in recent years. Productive work on concepts is illustrated by the successful Seminars in Archaeology of the Society for American Archaeology. The appearance of the new journal Archaeometry under the auspices of The Research Laboratory at Oxford, with its concentration on the application to archaeology of instruments developed in other disciplines, indicates how vigorous the attack on the second task has been. The ambitious work World Prehistory by Grahame Clark, if not wholly successful, demonstrates that a synthesis of human prehistory on a global scale is now feasible. What can be demonstrated for concept formulation, data gathering, and synthesis, cannot be easily shown for archaeological interpretation. If it is granted that acceptance of synthesis must vary with confidence in interpretation, it becomes apparent that interpretation warrants attention. The most widely used of the tools of archaeological interpretation is analogy. In its most general sense interpreting by analogy is assaying any belief about nonobserved behavior by referral to observed behavior which is thought to be relevant. The purpose of this paper is to examine this single interpretative tool. Concentration is on analogies where no historical records are available as aids. Evidence which suggests that there is cause for concern with the present status of analogy as an interpretive tool is presented and some suggestions are sketched. The introduction of analogy into archaeology can be traced to the era of the classical evolutionary ideology. Analogy in this period was elementary: if it were true that certain living peoples represented early phases of human history, then the interpretation of the remains of extinct peoples could be accomplished by direct reference to their living counterparts. A monument to this logic is Sollas' Ancient Hunters. In this work the Tasmanians, Australian Aborigines, Bushmen, and Eskimos were enlisted as modem representatives of four successive paleolithic complexes. The question of the use of any class of palaeolithic tools could be satisfied by direct referral to one of the four groups. For example: