Showing papers in "Soybean Science in 2008"

Agrobacterium-Mediated Plant Transformation of Soybean

Abstract: Plant meristem and reproductive organs are often taken as the receptor of exogenous gene in Agrobacterium-Mediated plant Transformation.Agrobacterium can interact with the receptor and complete genetic transformation by vacuum infiltration,floral dip,injection and so on.Then transgenic plants can be detected by the screening of antibiotics and molecular tests.In this study,the gene DREB1C encoding a transcription factor was transformed into the apical and axils growing points of soybean seedling through Agrobacterium-mediated plant genetic transformation.Six positive lines were obtained through PCR assay in the T0 generation transgenic lines.The frequency of transformation is 9.2%.The T1 generation transgenic lines have been tested through PCR,Southern blot and RT-PCR and one shows positive.The results indicate that the DREB1C gene has been integrated into the genome of soybean and has a single copy.The gene transcripts successfully under 200 mmol·L-1 NaCl stress.So this non-tissue culture transformation method is simple and it improves the frequency of transformation efficiently.

Develop Relay-planting Soybean,Revitalize Soybean Industry

Abstract: The soybean supply is not enough for soybean demand in China,so it is urgent to revitalize soybean industry.Presently,the soybean production and development is restricted by many factors in Northern China,such as low yield and productivity,high cost by separating soybean production from marketing areas,yield decreasing induced by continuous cropping,low content of lipid and protein,and so on.The relay-planting soybean is the key crop in the system of new multi-ripe planting model in Southern China.The development of relay-planting soybean is encouraged by several obvious advantages,for example coexistence consonantly with other main crops,the high protein content,benefits to soybean-food industry,the strong resistance to drought,high yield and income per unit area,etc.So we think that the effective pathway to develop soybean production in China is to stabilize the area of soybean cultivation and raise soybean yield per unit area in Northern China and to facilitate strongly development of relay-planting soybean in Southern China.

Resistance of Soybean Germplasm to Phytohpthora in Huanhuai Valley

Abstract: Phytophthora root rot caused by Phytophthora sojae is a destructive disease for soybeans [Glycine max(L.)Merr.] throughout the soybean production regions of world.Utilization of resistant varieties is the most economical and environmentally safe method for controlling disease.Ninty-six soybean cultivars or lines from Huanhuai valley were evaluated for their responses to 7 strains of P.sojae using the hypocotyls inoculation technique.The objectives of this study were to investigate the distribution and diversity of Phytophthora resistant soybean and identify sources that confer resistance to multiple strains for implementation into breeding programs.Ninty-six cultivars or lines elicited 38 different reaction types with the 7 strains of the pathogen.Among them,four reaction types accorded to that of single gene,ten reaction types were consistent with two gene combinations,five reaction types were consistent with three gene combinations and the others were new reaction types.The number of cultivars,which probably carried gene Rps3a,Rps3b,Rps3c,Rps7,was 7,4,1,and 5,respectively.Some cultivars or lines possibly carry new Rps genes that are effective to control Phytophthora root rot of soybean in China.These accessions may provide sources of resistance for control of Phytophthora root rot in the future.Cluster analysis produced 8 groups at 0.691.The results are useful in grouping genetically related cultivars for soybean breeding to P.sojae control and to select parental germplasm with differential resistant gene.

Development and Reliability of Near Infrared Spectroscopy(NIS) Models of Protein and Oil Content in Soybean

Abstract: Soybean provides a major source of protein and oil.The present analysis method of protein and oil is time-consuming and destructive,and its application in high oil and high protein breeding is restricted,hence,rapid and nondestructive analysis method is required for quality improvement.This research was done in order to validate the reliability of the near infrared spectroscopy(NIS) models which was rapid,simple and nondestructive.Near infrared spectroscopy of 4 sample pools were employed to develop regression models depending on least squares.They were 3 seed model and 1 powder model.Depending on re-sampling,comparison was done among 7 results including 3 chemistry results from different elite testing-center and 4 NIS models' results.The result showed that the suitable sample pool was necessary for excellent models.M6 which depended on a sample including 415 samples was the best one among 3 NIS seed model.Correlation among different methods were obviously consistent.Hence,using NIS models to substitute chemistry method was reliable especially for large scale nondestructive testing.

Proteomic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Proteins in Developmental Soybean [Glycine max(L.)Merr.]Seed

Abstract: A proteomic approach was applied in the study on the changes in proteins that occur during seed development in soybean [Glycine max(L.)Merr.] cv N2899.Protein expression at different developmental stages(15,20,30,40,50 DAF and mature seed)were compared using PDQuest software(Bio-Rad)after two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.About 337 low-salt extractable protein spots were resolved in gels.It was found that some proteins were present throughout the whole developmental stages,while others were associated with early seed filling or seed maturation.Among total spots 18 of 30 highly differentially expressed proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS,querying peptide mass fingerprinting data in NCBInr database by Profound(http:www.prowl.rockefeller.edu).It was found that these identified proteins are mainly involved in seed maturation(e.g.conglycinin),stress tolerance(e.g.ascorbate peroxidase),cell division(e.g.Skp1),and proteins transportation(e.g.calreticulin).These results indicate that the seed development process is complex,and the identified genes would provide a basis for molecular elucidation of the temporal effects on protein accumulation in soybean seed.

Creation of New Soybean SCN4-Resistant Lines

Abstract: Soybean cyst nematode(SCN)is one of the major soybean diseasesThe most economic and efficient measure is to develop disease-resistant varieties,and there is no varieties immune or high resistant to SCN4 in Huang-huai region presentHartwig and Jin 1261 etcwere crossed and offspring were identified through yield and resistanceSeven yellow varieties were selected because they possess high yield and good agronomic traits and high resistance or immunity to SCN1and 4,which can be used as parent to breed high resistant varieties

Representative Analysis of the Establishment of a Core Collection Focused on Race 3 of Soybean Cyst Nematode

Abstract: Soybean cyst nematode(Heterodera glycines;SCN) is one of the most important pests affecting soybean production,and the main preventing and controlling methods depend on the application of resistant variety.However,most soybean cultivars in China have no resistance to SCN.Physiological races 1,2,3,4,5,7 and 14 have been identified by the Nematode Institute of Northern China,using 64 different small black soybeans(including identification host).We classified the resistance genes by SPSS.The result showed that the 64 resistant cultivars could be divided into 7 clusters based on the difference of resistant genes to SCN3 when analogous distance equaled to 0.52.In this test,we investigated the cyst number to race 3 of SCN in the field(2003-2007).Eighteen resistant cultivars including Yingxianxiaoheidou with the average cyst number(ACN) of 0,eight resistant cultivars including Harbinxiaoheidou with the ACN of 0.07 were identified.The ACN of Pingdingshan and Chadou was 0.13,and from 0.13 to 6 for other resistant cultivars.The primary core collection of 16 soybean germplasms resistant to SCN3 was constrcuted based on the screening results and agronomic traits.This primary core collection will provide a rational framework for undertaking diversity surveys,using genetic variation for the investigation of complex traits and for the discovery of novel traits.

Fast Analysis on Fatty Acids of Soybean Seed by Gas Chromatography

Abstract: The content of fatty acids is an important index for oil crops.The traditional methods of detecting fatty acids need more samples and more time,which unsuitable to select hundreds of seeds for breeders.In this experiment,0.040 g soybean seed(about quarter of the soybean seed) was used to optimize the method of oil extraction and methyl esterification,and extracted oil from the soybean powder using the mixture(benzene:petroleum ether=1∶1) for 5 minutes,methyl esterificated using sodium hydroxide-methanol solution(c= 0.5 mol·L-1) for 7 minutes,then the supernatant fluid was injected into the gas chromatography system.Using this method,the work which usually need almost ten hours,now can be completed in 12 minutes,thus lots of time can be saved.By comparing with traditional method(GB/T 5009.6-2003,GB/T 17376-1998) for detecting fatty acid compositions,it was confirmed that the results got from this method was exact and credible.

Relationships between SMV Resistance and Morphological Structures in Wild Soybean

Abstract: Soybean mosaic virus disease(SMV)is one of the most important diseases of soybeanGrowing resistant cultivars has proved to be an economical and effective approach to control this diseaseResistant mechanism of wild soybean to SMV is principal for soybean resistant-disease breedingResistance of 129 wild soybean materials from the eastern coastal region of Hebei province were identified through artificial inoculation test in pots and natural infection test in fieldAmong the materials tested,23% wild soybean materials were resistant,147% wild soybean materials were mid-resistant,and 264% of them were intermediateThere were obvious differences in wax content and hair density of these materials with different resistance levels,and the wax content of wild soybean was correlated with its resistance of SMV significantlyTherefore,wax content could be used as one of indexes for indentification of wild soybean resistan to SMV

Effect of Phosphorus on Root Traits of Soybean Cultivars with Different Phosphorus Efficiencies

Abstract: The ability of soybean tolerant to low-phosphorus is closely related to root traits.A sand culture experiment was carried out to study the effect of phosphorus levels on taproot length,root/shoot ratio,root volume,root activity and specific root area at different growth stages of Jindou 33 and Tiefeng 3 with different phosphorus efficiencies.Five concentrations of phosphorus in the experiment was designed.Results showed that the relationship between root traits of soybean cultivars with different phosphorus efficiencies at different growth stages and phosphorus levels was very complicated.At seedling stage,the taproot length and root/shoot ratio of phosphorus efficient genotype species were significantly higher than that of phosphorus inefficient genotype under different phosphorus levels;root volume,root activity and specific root area had a significant response to certain phosphorus levels between genotypes,and with the changes of phosphorus levels,these certeria changed non-uniformly.At branching stage,there was no significant response for taproot length in different genotypes with different phosphorus efficiency and under the different phosphorus level treatments.At bloomming stage,the taproot length and root/shoot ratio of phosphorus efficient genotype species were significantly higher than that of phosphorus inefficient genotype under different phosphorus levels.At podding stage,roots activity and root volume of phosphorus efficient genotype were significantly higher than that of phosphorus inefficient genotype under 0.5,1.0,1.5 and 2.0 mmol·L-1phosphorus levels.

Mixed Major-gene plus Polygenes Inheritance Analysis for Resistance in Soybean to Bean Pyralid (Lamprosema indicata Fabricius)

Abstract: The bean pyralid (Lamprosema indicata Fabricius)is one of main leaf-feeding insect species in Nanjing area.The inheritance for resistance of soybean to bean pyralid may provide the foundation for its mechanisms,coarse and fine mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL),breeding of resistance and marker assisted selection to leaf-feeding insects.Therefore,joint segregation analysis of P1,F1,P2 and F2 populations derived from a cross between Lishuizhongzihuang and Nannong 493-1 in soybean was used to study the inheritance in this article.Each plant of the four populations mentioned above was further examined for its resistance to natural population of bean pyralid in the field according to its defoliation percentage per plant in 2006.There was no difference in the F2 populations of the original and reciprocal crosses,so that there was no maternal effect and the two F2 populations were incorporated in the joint segregation analysis.The results indicated that the resistance was controlled by two additive-dominant-epistatic major-genes plus polygenes,major-gene heritability is 62.93%,and the interaction between the two major genes was also detected.Therefore,soybean resistance to bean pyralid accords with two major genes plus polygenes and is similar to that of dissimilarity leaf-feeding insect species.

Comparing Different Methods for Isolating Fusarium from Soybean Rhizosphere Soil

Abstract: Fusarium root rot of soybean is one of the soil-borne diseases which is difficult to control.In soil,distribution of Fusarium is surprisingly diverse,which can efficiently influence the pathogenic Fusarium populations and host resistance.Isolation of Fusarium is very useful in the study of soil Fusarium diversity.Many methods for the isolation of Fusarium have been reported,but the efficiency was certainly different.In this paper,some related contents which affect the effeciency of Fusarium separation were researched,and dilution plate method and direct soil plating method were compared.The results showed that bacteria could be inhibited excellently when the concentration of antibiotic reached fourfold,but there was no significant impact on the number of fungi.Interestingly,it seems that different combination of antibiotics had effect on Fusarium isolation.Between colony forming units (CFU) of fungi and different sample volume,well linear relationship were detected in both sterile water and Water Agar treatment(R20.9).The isolation rate of Fusarium in sterile water treatment was 21.0%,a bit higher than that in Water Agar treatment,which was 10.0%.No significant effects on Fusarium isolation between two culture media were observed.Compared with Malachite Green Agar (MGA),Peptone PCNB Agar (PPA) behaved higher isolation rate of Fusarium which was 20.93%.The difference between Fusarium isolation rates derived from two culture methods were significant.The isolation rate of Fusarium derived from direct soil plating method were all above 60.0%,which is significantly higher than that derived from dilution plate method which were all below 6%.

Effect of Seed Soaking with Uniconazole on Germination and Anti-oxidant Enzyme of Soybean

Abstract: Uniconazole as a kind of growth retardant can inhibit the bio-synthesis of plant gibberellins in vivio and reduce the elongation speed of plant cell.To discuss the effect of uniconazole on soybean,the soybean seeds of Kennong 4 were soaked with 0,25,50,100,200 mg·L-1uniconazole for 6 hours,then germinated in the artificial climate box.Results showed that the soybean germination percentage was decreased while germination potential remained stable when treated by uniconazole with concentration between 25 mg·L-1 and 200 mg·L-1.The weight of fresh/dry root,the diameter of main/lateral root increased,while the root length/volume and number of lateral root decreasesd with the increasing of uniconazole concentration in the proceess of seed germination.When the uniconazole concentration was lower than 50 mg·L-1,with the uniconazole concentration increasing,the activity of Peroxidase,Superoxide dismutase,Catalase increased,the content of Malondi-adehycle decreased.The result has further proved that uniconazole could inhibit the soybean growth,enhance the anti-oxidant activity,strengthen the ability of stress tolerance of soybean.

Effects of Different Cropping Systems of Soybean on Chernozem Enzyme Activities and Kinetic Parameters

Abstract: Continuous cropping decrease soybean yields.To understand the effects of different cropping systems of soybean on the activities and kinetic parameters of enzymes related to the C,N,P and S transformation in chernozem,surface soil(0-20 cm) samples were collected from the experimental fields under soybean continuous cropping,soybean-maize rotation,and soybean-sorghum rotation in Daqing City of Heilongjiang Province,and the activities of α-and β-galactosidase,α-and β-glucosidase,urease,protease,phosphomonoesterase,phosphodiesterase,and arylsulphatase,as well as the kinetic parameters of β-glucosidase,urease,protease,phosphomonoesterase,phosphodiesterase,and arylsulphatase were measured.The results showed that under soybean-maize rotation,the activities of β-galactosidase,β-glucosidase and protease increased significantly,while arylsulphatase activity had the greatest decrease,compared with those under soybean continuous cropping.Under soybean-sorghum rotation,the activities of all test enzymes except β-galactosidase had no significant differences with those under soybean continuous cropping.Soybean-maize rotation decreased the Km value of β-glucosidase and phosphodiesterase but increased the Vmax value of protease,phosphomonoesterase and arylsulphatase as well as the Vmax/Km ratio of phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase significantly,while soybean-sorghum rotation decreased the Km value of urease but increased the Vmax/Km ratio of urease and arylsulphatase significantly.Compared with other two cropping systems soybean-maize rotation can increase soil enzyme activity better.

Construction and Analysis of A SSH Library of Soybean Upon Infection with Phytophthora sojae

Abstract: Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean(Phytophthora sojae) is one of destructive diseases endangering soybean production,but there have been few reports on gene expression after inoculated with pathogen.In this study,SSH cDNA library of resistance soybean variety Suinong 10 inoculated with race 1 of P.sojae was constructed successfully,and 2 067 positive clones were screened.The length of most of the insert fragments was focused on 100-800 bp.375 functional ESTs have been gotten,and they dealt with the effect of inhibition pathogen growth,cell self-protection,signal transduction,system acquired resistance,protein synthesis and respiration,etc.after compared with sequences in unigene database of GeneBank with BLASTn and BLASTx algorithm.

Marginal Effect Index on the Yield Characters of Soybean Cultivars with Different Leaf Shape

Abstract: High yield variety of soybean is not only a variety of high yield per plant,but also a variety with tolerance to solid-planted.The purpose of this study was to achieve variety with tolerance to solid-planted.By using 10 soybean varieties(lines) including two kinds of leaf shape,from the aspect of the marginal effect index,the marginal effect index and their relationships between leaf traits and yield traits of soybean varieties were measured or calculated.The results showed that the marginal effect index of long leaf soybean cultivars was smaller than that of round leaf soybean cultivars,including leaf length,leaf width,leaf area,pod number per plant,seed number per plant and 100-seed weight.These varieties were suitable for dense planting.The marginal effect index of yield per plant was not significantly correlated to that of leaf traits.It was very significantly correlated to that of pod number per plant and seed number per plant and significantly negatively correlated to that of 100-seed weight.The marginal effect index of yield per plant of Suinong14 was the smallest among all soybean varieties with tolerance to solid-planted.

Effects of Different Fertilization and Land Use History on the Bacterial Diversity in Black Soils

Abstract: Soil managements such as fertilization and land use history can affect soil quality,and the whilst biology diversity is a sensitive indicator of it.To discuss the change of soil microbial diversity with the evolvement of the soil ecosystems,the method of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) was applied to study the diversity of soil bacteria in the three black soil ecosystems and soybean fields which were applied three fertilizers.The results showed that the bacteria diversity of grassland ecosystem(GE)is the highest,and the bacteria richness(S) and shannon diversity index were higher than those of agricultural ecosystem(CK) and bare land ecosystem(BE);soil bacteria richness and shannon diversity index of soybean fields with no fertilization for the long-term(CK) were the highest,followed by chemical fertilizers for the long-term with farmyard manure(NPM),those of the application of chemical fertilizer(NP)alone were the lowest,respectively.UPGMA clustering analysis showed that bacterial communities of CK and NP belonged to one cluster,the similarity coefficient was 65.5%,that bacterial communities of NPM was similar to that of GE and BE,the similarity coefficients were 52.5% and 57.3%,respectively.

Inheritance and Molecular Marker of Chilling Tolerance of Soybean in Early Stage

Abstract: Soybean is an important source of human protein and oil,and it is susceptible to temperature and light.Low temperature susceptibility affects soybean yield not only in high latitude area but also in low.Inheritance of soybean chilling tolerance in early stage was analyzed jointly in P1and P2 parents,F1,F2 and F2∶3 generations derived from the cross Zhou 9311-3×Xu 9125 by using the joint segregation analysis of the mixed major gene and polygene inheritance model of quantitative traits.And then through t-test analysis and bulked segregate analysis(BSA),SSR markers which linked lightly with chilling tolerance were screened.The results indicated that the inheritance of chilling tolerance in the population was accorded with the D-0 model,namely the inheritance of the chilling tolerance in the population was controlled by one major gene with additive-dominance effect plus polygene with additive-dominance-epistatic effect,and the major gene showed overdominance effect.Two molecular markers satt562 and satt157were found linked with the chilling tolerance genes in the F2 population of Zhou 9311-3×Xu 9125.The individual effect of each marker was reported as R2 value,and explained 13.9% and 3.4% respectively.And the markers of satt562 and satt157 situated on I and D1b linkage groups,respectively.The satt562 with larger phenotypic effect could be regard as major gene locus,and satt157 with relative smaller effects could be regarded as polygene locus.

Effect of Water and Fertilizer Level on Agronomic Characteristics and Quality of High Protein Soybean

Abstract: The protein content of high protein soybean tended to decrease when planting in large area.To find out the main factors affecting protein content and yield,5 high-protein soybean varieties were adopted.The effect of water and fertilizer levels on agronomic characteristics and quality of high protein soybean was studied by field and pot experiment.The result showed water and fertilizer levels had certain influences on growth,yield and quality traits of high protein soybean.There weren't significant differences in these characters between water treatments than among varieties.Chlorophyll content and quality were higher under middle water.Leaf area,chlorophyll content,yield and protein content showed increase and then decrease trend with the increasing of fertilizer.Soybean growth index was better under middle fertilization.The yield of high protein soybean was the highest(3616 kg·hm-2)under middle fertilizer.In two experiment,Nongda 35318 got highest yield(3752.67 kg·hm-2)in five varieties.Water and fertilizer influnced the final yield and quality of high protein soybean by affecting the dynamic of leaf area index,chlorophyll dynamics and pod weight.

Inheritance and Gene Tagging of Male Fertility Restoration of Cytoplasmic-Nuclear Male Sterile Line NJCMS2A in Soybean

Abstract: Cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility plays an important role in the production of hybrid seeds.The knowledge of inheritance of male fertility restoration of a cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterile line is essential to hybrid seed production.With the rapid development of molecular markers,mapping male fertility restoration genes appears an effective way to study inheritance of the trait.The soybean cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterile line NJCMS2A was developed through consecutive backcross procedures with the F2 male sterile plants of the N8855(N1628 cross as donor parent and N1628(designated as NJCMS2B afterwards)as recurrent parent.In the present paper,the inheritance of the male fertility restoration of NJCMS2A was studied,at the same time,the SSR(simple sequence repeat)marker linked to the restorer gene of NJCMS2A was screened.The results showed that the inheritance of the fertility restoration of NJCMS2A was steady among different years.All F1 plants of the NJCMS2A×Zhongdou 5 cross were male-fertile.The F1∶2 population exhibited male fertility segregation,and the segretation ratio of male-fertile to male-sterile plants fitted a 15∶1 ratio under χ2 test.The F1 and F1∶2 results proposed a possible inheritance model of two duplicate dominant genes.The segregation ratio of number of non-segregating male-fertile F2∶3 families∶number of 3∶1 segregation F2∶3 families∶number of 15∶1 segregation F2∶3 families fitted a 7∶4∶4 ratio by χ2 test as expected.All the above phenotypic and genotypic segregation data demonstrated the hypothesis that male fertility restoration of NJCMS2A was controlled by two pairs of duplicate dominant genes,which further verified the results of Bai and Gai.One F1:2 population from the NJCMS2A×Zhongdou 5 cross was chosen randomly to tag the restorer gene of NJCMS2A with 903 pairs of SSR primers selected randomly from the soybean public genetic linkage map reported by Cregan et al.The result showed that one SSR marker,e.g.Satt135 was linked to the restorer gene of NJCMS2A.The recombination ratio of the restorer gene of NJCMS2A with Satt135 calculated from the maximum likelihood method was 0.1127,and converted into Kosambi's genetic distance,was 11.47cM.In comparison with the integrated linkage map by Song et al.,the restorer gene of NJCMS2A was located on the linkage group D2.

Transformation of SPS Gene into Soybean via Agrobacterium-mediated Method

Abstract: The low efficiency of soybean genetic transformation was contributed by restricted soybean genotypes as receptors,the faultiness of tissue culture system,etc.Through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cotyledonary node,the most of genetic plants were chimeras.Consequently,it was difficult to select genetic transformation plants.Another popularly used method-Particle Bombardment,whose technique was hard to operate,easily resulted in gene silence.In this research,SPS gene was transformed into embryonic tips of soybean via Agrobacterium-mediated method.The embryonic tip was primary meristem which originated from primordial meristem,therefore it had strong dividing capability.Regeneration cells were derived from genetic cells,which decreased the possibility of being chimeras.The regenerated plants,which were resistant to Kanamycin,were obtained and examined by PCR and Southern blot.The results indicated that the target gene had been transformed into soybean genome.

Effects of Light Enrichment and Shade during Reproductive Stage on Yield and Yield Components in Soybean

Abstract: Light intensity intercepted by soybean canopy during the reproductive period is an important environmental factor determining soybean yield and yield components.Responses of yield and yield components to light enrichment and shade under varied populations were investigated.The results showed that light enrichment increased pod number and seed yield per plant significantly.Under low,moderate and high density conditions,light enrichment increased seed yield per plant from 26.2% to 57.2%,27.7% to 71.7% and 10.8% to 61.4% respectively.Shade decreased pod number and seed yield per plant significantly.Accordingly,under low,moderate and high density conditions,shade decreased seed yield per plant from 37.1% to 46.1%,34.4% to 49.7% and 41.7% to 55.0%.Light enrichment increased pod number of main stem nodes in the central and lower region of soybean plants.Under low density condition,light enrichment increased pod number in H339 from 7.5 to 17.3 at main stem nodes 1 to 6,similarly,from 5.6 to 10.1 in HN35,from 6.9 to 17.2 in KN18.Light enrichment significantly decreased pod abscission ratio of main stem nodes in the lower region of soybean plants.Light enrichment and shade respectively increased or decreased seed number per pod.Under low density condition,light enrichment increased seed number per pod in H339 from 2.17 to 2.36.Under low and moderate density condition,light enrichment increased seed number per pod in HN35 from 1.93 to 2.26,1.78 to 2.13.Under high density condition,light enrichment increased seed number per pod in KN18 from 1.89 to 2.08.Under low density condition,shade decreased seed number per pod in KN18 from 2.17 to 1.97.Light enrichment and shade also influenced seed size under varied populations.Under low density condition,shade increased seed size at 8%-11% in H339 and KN18.However,under high density condition,shade decreased seed size 17% in H339.Variation of seed size had closer relation with plant density and variety.Pod number and seed number per plant as the yield component contributed more to the final yield.

Field Performance of Vegetable Soybean Varieties(lines) in Northeast USA

Abstract: Vegetable soybean is a special soybean harvested after the R6 and before the R7 growth stage as a fresh green bean.Although vegetable soybean research has been conducted for many years in the USA,fewer varieties are available for commercial production.Twelve vegetable cultivars(lines) were evaluated for their field performance and marketable yield potential at the University of Massachusetts Crop Research and Education Center in Deerfield,Massachusetts,USA.The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications.Seven out of twelve varieties or lines had the green seed color,50% first flowering day,optimum eating day,and harvest maturity were significantly different among varieties.Days from over 50% first flowering to optimum eating day ranged from 20 d to 45 d.The variety "late branch bean" had the highest marketable yield of 7 971 kg·ha-1,while the variety "early branch bean" had the lowest marketable yield of 3 122 kg·ha-1.A higher marketable yield was mostly due to lower unproductive pod percentage,greater seed size and a greater percentage of 2-seeded pods.

Evaluation on the Low Phosphorous Tolerance of Different Soybean Genotypes

Abstract: Improvimg P use efficency in soybean would have better yield performance under low soil phosphate conditions.To screening soybean cultivars tolerent to low phosphorous,twenty soybean genotypes widely planted in Heilongjiang Province were grown in pot expreiment with low and high P rates.Under low P treatment,the genotypes differed greatly for root biomass,shoot biomass,root active absorbing area,plant P concentration,and acid phosphatase activity.Based on the above 5 indexes,Heihe 27,Kenjian 27,Suinong 4,Fengshou 25 and Kejiao 05-1397 were screened as low phosphorous tolerance genotypes,while Kenjian 4,Suinong 10,Suinong 23,Suinong 28 and Fengshou 25 were not tolerant to low phosphorous.

Comparison of Isoflavones among Wild,Black and Yellow Soybeans

Abstract: The wild soybean(Glycine soja)mainly distributes in China,and it is used as a precious medicinal material in ancient times,but its medicinal application is nearly neglected in modern time.To compare the medical value among wild,black and yellow soybeans,different varieties of wild,black and yellow soybeans were cultivated under same conditions,and isoflavones,protein and lipoid content were determined with HPLC,Kieldahl method and Soxhlet residual method,respectively.The results showed the total isoflavones content was in the order of wild black yellow soybeans;the contents of daidzin and genistin were much higher than other isoflavone components in wild and black soybeans,while the contents of 6″-o-malonyldaidzin,6″-o-malonylgenistin were much higher in yellow soybeans;the contents of daidzein and genistein were relatively higher in wild and black soybeans than in yellow soybeans.By correlation analysis,in the different varieties of wild,black and yellow soybeans,the total isoflavones content was negatively significantly correlated with 100-seed weight and lipoid content,while its correlation with protein content was not significant.So it is suggested that the wild soybean should be thought highly as an important medicinal material.

Analysis of Vitamin E Content in Soybeans Derived from Northeast China and North America

Abstract: The vitamin E content in soybean from Northeast China and North America that were harvested in the same place and same year were extracted by the method of ultrasonic wave,and the contents of α、γ、δ-tocopherol and total vitamin E were analyzed by HPLC with C18-reverse phase HPLC column as solid phase,and methanol as mobile phase(Flow = 1.5 mL·min-1).The fluorescence detector(Ex = 295nm,Em = 330nm)was used as detector.The results showed that 144 soybean materials based on the contents of α、γ、δ-tocopherol and total vitamin E were all classified in to three class of high,middle and low by cluster analysis.The contents of α、γ、δ-tocopherol and total vitamin E in soybeans from Northeast China were obviously higher than those from North America.

Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci Underlining Tolerance to Phytophthora Root Rot in Soybean

Abstract: Phytophthora root rot(PRR) caused by Phytophthora sojae MJKaufmann JWGerdemann is a serious disease of soybeaan world wideThe objective of this study was to identify the location of quantitative trait loci(QTL)in ‘Conrad’,a soybean cultivar with broad tolerance to many races of Psojae,and ‘Hefeng 25’,a soybean cultivar tolerant to Psojae in ChinaThe 140 individual of F2∶5 RIL population derived from Conrad×Hefeng 25 were adopted,and field and green hourse identification were conducted at Woodslee,Canada and Jiamusi,China in 2007 year,respectively470 pair of SSR markers were used and 88 of them showed polymorphismThe genetic map was constructed with Mapmaker/EXP30b and QTLs analysis was done by CIM method of WinQTL 20Four markers Satt428,Satt600,Satt325,Satt233,from three linkage group MLG D1b+W,MLG F and MLG A2,were significantly associated with PRREach marker explained 547% to 2789% of phenotypic varianceSatt428 and Satt600 were mapped to MLG D1b+W,the genetic distance was 109 cM;Satt325 and Satt233 were mapped to MLG F and MLG A2 respectivelyQuantitative trait loci on the linkage groups which are associated with PRR was discovered firstly from Heifeng 25,and was mapped to MLG A2The identified QTLs would be beneficial for marker assistant selection of PRR tolerance varieties against China Psojae races

Analysis of Fatty Acid Composition and Other Quality Traits in Soybean Varieties Developed in Heilongjiang Province

Abstract: Fatty acid composition and their correlation with other quality traits in soybean varieties developed in Heilongjiang Province was analyzed,to provide scientific basis for evaluation of soybean germplasm.The results showed that content of fatty acid from high to low ranked as linoleic acid,oleic acid,hexadecylic acid,linolenic acid and stearic acid.The content of fatty acid among different varieties varied significantly.Stearic acid had the biggest variation coefficient(13.24%) and linoleic acid had the smallest variation coefficient(4.57%).By correlation analysis,oleic acid was negatively correlated with linoleic acid,linolenic acid and palmitic acid.Palmitic acid was negatively correlated with stearic acid.Linoleic acid was positively crrelated with linolenic acid and both of them were negatively correlated with oleic acid.Protein was negatively correlated with oil.

Comparative Proteome Analysis of Different Organs between Cytoplasmic-nuclear Male-sterile Line NJCMS1A and Its Maintainer in Soybeans

Abstract: Cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility plays an important role in the production of hybrid seeds.The knowledge of the mechanism of the cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterility is essential to hybrid seed production.The present paper was aimed at the comparative proteome analysis of different organs between the cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterile line NJCMS1A and its maintainer NJCMS1B in soybeans.The materials were the seeds,young leaves and anthers from the male-sterile line NJCMS1A and its maintainer NJCMS1B.Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) technique was used to separate the protein spots and the gels were stained with Coomassie Blue G-250.The obtained 2-DE maps were pretty consistent among replications.The difference between the protein maps of NJCMS1A and those of NJCMS1B was analyzed with the PDQuest image software.Seven protein spots were found differentially expressed between NJCMS1A and NJCMS1B seeds.Among these,3 protein spots were present in the seed protein map of NJCMS1A but absent in that of NJCMS1B,and 3 protein spots present in that of NJCMS1B but absent in that of NJCMS1A,another protein spot was up-regulated significantly in the map of NJCMS1A in comparison with that of NJCMS1B.Nine protein spots were found differentially expressed between NJCMS1A and NJCMS1B anthers at uninucleate microspore stage.Among them,3 protein spots were present in the anther protein map of NJCMS1A but absent in that of NJCMS1B,and 6 protein spots present in that of NJCMS1B but absent in that of NJCMS1A.Twenty-four protein spots were found differentially expressed between NJCMS1A and NJCMS1B anthers at binucleate pollen stage.Among them,10 protein spots were present in the anther protein map of NJCMS1A but absent in that of NJCMS1B,and 12 protein spots present in that of NJCMS1B but absent in that of NJCMS1A,another two protein spots were up-regulated significantly in the map of NJCMS1B in comparison with that of NJCMS1A.No protein spot was found differentially expressed between NJCMS1A and NJCMS1B leaves.The above results showed that there were lots of difference between the 2-DE maps of anthers of NJCMS1A and those of NJCMS1B,a little difference between the 2-DE maps of seeds of NJCMS1A and those of NJCMS1B,but no difference between the 2-DE maps of leaves of NJCMS1A and those of NJCMS1B.It was inferred that the expression of the male sterile genes was spacially and periodly,and the anther was the major organ in which the protein related to the male sterility was expressed.

Synthesize and Characterize of Grafted Soybean Protein Adhesives

Abstract: The hydrophobic monomer GMA was grafted onto soy protein(SP)in order to obtain the much better water-resistant SP adhesivesThe graft copolymer of SP-g-PGMA was prepared by free radical polymerization with APS-NaHSO3 redox system as initiator after SP was pretreated by 3 mol·L-1 urea solution which was as a denaturing agentPure grafted polymer was analyzed by IR indicating the success of graftingEffect of different reaction conditions on grafted SP adhesives' shear strength and water resistance,such as pretreatment time,reaction time,addition of initiator,addition of monomer,reaction temperature were studiedThe experiment illustrated that grafting reaction can improve the water resistance of SP adhesives,and the optimal reaction conditions was determined,and these reactions were:4 g wsp,339 g wGMA,02 g wNaHSO3,044g wAPS,3 h of reaction time and 70℃reaction temperature