The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology 

About: The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology is an academic journal published by SpringerOpen. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Biology & Medicine. It has an ISSN identifier of 2090-990X. It is also open access. Over the lifetime, 551 publications have been published receiving 4096 citations. The journal is also known as: The journal of basic and applied zoology & JOBAZ.

Bisphenol A induces oxidative stress and DNA damage in hepatic tissue of female rat offspring

Abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting compound widely spread in our living environment. It is a contaminant with increasing exposure to it and exerts both toxic and estrogenic effects on mammalian cells. Due to the limited information concerning the effect of BPA on the liver, the present study was designed to assess hepatic tissue injury induced by early life exposure to BPA in female rat offspring. Rat dams ( n = 9) were gavaged with 0.5 and 50 mg of BPA/kg b.w./day throughout lactation until weaning. The sham group received olive oil for the same duration while the control group did not receive any injection. The liver tissue was collected from female pups at different pubertal periods (PND50, 90 and 110) to evaluate oxidative stress biomarkers, extent of DNA damage and histopathological changes. Our results indicated that early life exposure to BPA significantly increased oxidative/nitrosative stress, decreased antioxidant enzyme activities, induced DNA damage and chronic severe inflammation in the hepatic tissue in a time dependent manner. These data suggested that BPA causes long-term adverse effects on the liver, which leads to deleterious effects in the liver of female rat offspring.

Replacement of fishmeal with Spirulina platensis, Chlorella vulgaris and Azolla pinnata on non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant activities of Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Abstract: The fishmeal replaced with Spirulina platensis, Chlorella vulgaris and Azolla pinnata and the formulated diet fed to Macrobrachium rosenbergii postlarvae to assess the enhancement ability of non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin C and E), enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)) and lipid peroxidation (LPx) were analysed. In the present study, the S. platensis, C. vulgaris and A. pinnata inclusion diet fed groups had significant (P < 0.05) improvement in the levels of vitamins C and E in the hepatopancreas and muscle tissue. Among all the diets, the replacement materials in 50% incorporated feed fed groups showed better performance when compared with the control group in non-enzymatic antioxidant activity. The 50% fishmeal replacement (best performance) diet fed groups taken for enzymatic antioxidant study, in SOD, CAT and LPx showed no significant increases when compared with the control group. Hence, the present results revealed that the formulated feed enhanced the vitamins C and E, the result of decreased level of enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT and LPx) revealed that these feeds are non-toxic and do not produce any stress to postlarvae. These ingredients can be used as an alternative protein source for sustainable Macrobrachium culture.

Responses of metabolic and antioxidant enzymatic activities in gill, liver and plasma of Catla catla during methyl parathion exposure

Abstract: Background Use of pesticides in agricultural fields has a series of toxicological and environmental problems. Methyl parathion (MP), an organophosphorus (OP) insecticide is a widely used pesticide and is highly toxic to non-target organisms. Fish has been used as indicator species for monitoring of pollution in the aquatic environment. Catla catla an Indian major carp is an edible fish and is highly sensitive to slight stress. Recently, fish biomarkers are widely used to determine the internal and external health status caused by chemicals. Results C. catla were exposed to acute (0.09 ppm) and sublethal (0.009 ppm) concentrations of MP to determine the alterations in antioxidant and metabolic enzyme activities in blood plasma and tissues (gill and liver). Intoxication with MP resulted in induction of oxidative stress which implies that fish utilizes enzymatic mechanisms to tolerate the effects caused by generated ROS due to MP accumulation. Significant alterations in GOT and GPT activity in plasma and tissues during acute as well as sublethal exposure might have resulted from the organal damage. The significant increase of LDH activity indicates severe cellular damage in organ/tissues of MP treated fish. Conclusion The results of the present investigation suggest that gill is the most sensitive organ to MP toxicity. The alterations of the enzymatic parameters can be effectively used as potential biomarkers for monitoring of the organophosphorus pesticides in aquatic environment. Further, MP should be used with caution in order to protect natural waters and aquatic organisms.

Recent advances in radiotherapy and its associated side effects in cancer—a review

Abstract: Radiotherapy (RT) is the chief nonsurgical method to control malignant tumors. RT has advanced in both methodological and biological aspects over the past few decades. Though RT is a momentous adjuvant non-invasive technique, it leaves behind some unsympathetic effects. Research is going on to surmount these pessimistic sides of RT. We made a mini review of recent articles from the period of 2000 to 2017 regarding radiotherapy and its side effects in various types of cancers. The literature review was done by searching in PUBMED, MEDLINE, and SCOPUS. Here, we spotlight the physiological and genetic risks associated with the cancer patients undergoing RT. We illustrated the course of RT in most prevalent cancers tailored with dosage distribution. Radiation-induced mutation in the patients undergoing RT has been shown with evidence. Further, the major drawbacks like the development of radiation resistance in cancerous cells and secondary malignancies have been discussed. The problems associated with radiation dosage in terms of infertility and rejuvenation of reproductive cells has also been discussed. Finally, we discussed the latest treatment stratagem of RT in cancer. Cancer treatment will not be accomplished devoid of radiotherapy. But we can brace RT using radiosensitizers and ayurvedic radioprotectors.

Comparative toxicity of copper oxide bulk and nano particles in Nile Tilapia; Oreochromis niloticus: Biochemical and oxidative stress

Abstract: Nile Tilapia; Oreochromis niloticus are commonly used in the assessment of aquatic environment quality and also considered as useful bio-indicators during environmental pollution monitoring. The LC 50 /96 h of copper oxide (bulk & nano) particles [CuO (BPs & NPs)] were 2205 & 150 mg/l, respectively. Two tested concentrations of CuO (BPs & NPs) were selected: the first concentration was equivalent to ( 1 / 10 ) (220.5 & 15 mg/l), and the second was equivalent to ( 1 / 20 ) (110.25 & 7.5 mg/l) LC 50 /96 h·CuO (BPs & NPs), respectively. While serum glucose, liver function tests (AST, ALT and ALP) and kidney function tests (creatinine and uric acid) showed a significant increase, serum total proteins, albumin, globulin and total lipids showed a significant decrease. Both liver and gill tissues of the studied fish showed a reduction in GSH content and an elevation in MDA and GPx activities. The present study also showed an elevation in liver CAT & SOD activities when exposed to both concentrations of CuO BPs and in the case of gills when exposed to both concentrations of CuO (BPs & NPs), although activity of these enzymes showed an inhibition in the liver when exposed to both concentrations of CuO NPs. The present study investigated whether CuO NPs are more toxic than CuO BPs.