Showing papers in "The Journal of Engineering in 2007"

Competitive Adsorption of Furfural and Phenolic Compounds onto Activated Carbon in Fixed Bed Column

Abstract: For a multicomponent competitive adsorption of furfural and phenolic compounds, a mathematical model was built to describe the mass transfer kinetics in a fixed bed column with activated carbon. The effects of competitive adsorption equilibrium constant, axial dispersion, external mass transfer, and intraparticle diffusion resistance on the breakthrough curve were studied for weakly adsorbed compound (furfural) and strongly adsorbed compounds (parachlorophenol and phenol). Experiments were carried out to remove the furfural and phenolic compound from aqueous solution. The equilibrium data and intraparticle diffusion coefficients obtained from separate experiments in a batch adsorber, by fitting the experimental data with theoretical model. The results show that the mathematical model includes external mass transfer and pore diffusion using nonlinear isotherms and provides a good description of the adsorption process for furfural and phenolic compounds in a fixed bed adsorber.

Embedded In Sandy Soils with Cavities

Abstract: A program of laboratory testing is carried out to study the performance of laterally loaded piles embedded in soil, which contains cavities. The testing apparatus is manufactured for carrying out the tests and a simple technique was used to simulate the cavities. The program of testing consists of five groups: Group One was carried out on pile embedded in soil without cavities. The Second and Third Groups are performed on pile embedded in soil contains single cavity located in front and in touch with pile face for the Second Group and in back and in touch with pile face for the Third one. Group Four is performed on pile with the existence of two cavities located in front and in touch with pile face. Group Five is performed on pile with the existence of three cavities located in front and at a variable distance from pile face. All tests are performed on a free head pile subjected to horizontal load. The results of this study indicate that the number of cavities and their location have a combined effect on the behavior of laterally loaded pile The effect of cavities located in front of the pile is marginal at X/D > where X is the spacing between cavity and pile and D is the diameter of the pile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free head 24 Z/ H . 008# 0% \\ %/ J ! . ' <(/ $ 0 4 ] 0T # ^/ AM W (/ 3 >A0 ! M. J. Al-Mosawe Embedded in Sandy Soils with Cavities Y. J. Al-Shakarchi and S. M. Al-Taie 0% , / 23 4 / S 1 +,)JD ! . $J +,W *# $A23 4 / _ , +,' <(/ 0T # +`Z ! X/D 4 a X0Q W X 0 0% b H / M ! 7204 / RG ! 7 <(/ RG D 7204 / GD M .

Study of the Mechanical and Metallurgical Properties of Dissimilar Welds

Abstract: In this research dissimilar welds were made of low carbon steel (A516) and austenitic stainless steel (316L) by shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) and with different electrodes (E7018) , (E6013) , (E309L) and (E308L). The sheet thickness (6 mm), welding current (120 A), voltage (78V), polarity (DCRP) and electrode diameter (3.25 mm) were remained constant. Many tests were carried out, mechanical tests included tensile test, bending and microhardness also made , and metallurgical inspections included microstructure, deltaferrite phase and xray diffraction analysis. It was found from tensile and bending tests results that the electrode (E309L) was the most convenient for dissimilar welds of base metal (C.St. A516) and (St. St. 316L). Hardness tests showed that the highest hardness value appears in (HAZ) and there are two peaks of maximum hardness, each peak value in each (HAZ) for both dissimilar metals, the peak values are not equal and the higher value appears in the zone, where the electrode differ from the base metal, i. e. when the electrode is used (E6013) the higher value appeared in the (HAZ) which is near the stainless steel (316L), and when the electrode (E309L) is used, the higher value appeared in (HAZ) near the low carbon steel (A516) .The tests demonstrated that the delta (δ) ferrite phase was about 3-10% near stainless steel and for all used electrodes.

Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection of Low Carbon Steel in Sea Water

Abstract: Cathodic protection is a corrosion-prevention technique which uses the electrochemical properties of metals to insure that the structure to be protected becomes the cathode of an electrolytic cell.

Evaluation of Temperature Distribution And Fluid Flow In Fusion Welding Processes

Abstract: A theoretical study of heat transfer and fluid flow phenomena in welding process has been carried out in the present work. The study involved the numerical solution of the transient NavierStokes and Energy equations of the weld pool region by using Finite Difference Method. The electromagnetic force field and buoyancy were included in the formulation The stream-vorticity formulation was used in the mathematical model. The numerical solution is capable of calculating the vorticity, stream function, velocity, temperature, and the interface movement of the weld pool in Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW). The model can be used to solve the Gas Tungesten Arc Welding (GTAW) problem. A numerical calculations algorithm was developed to carry out the numerical solution. The numerical results showed that the finger penetration phenomena occurs in the Gas Metal Arc weld is adequately explained through the application of the model. It is found that the frequency of spray transfer is a dominant factor in addition to shape of the weld pool geometry. A verification of numerical results was made through a comparison with a previous work, the agreement was good, confirming the capability and reliability of the proposed numerical algorithm in calculating fluid flow and heat transfer in Gas Metal Arc weld pools.

Numerical Study for a Three Dimensional Laminar Natural Convection Heat Transfer from an Isothermal Heated Horizontal and Inclined Square Plate and With a Circular Hole

Abstract: A theoretical study for a three-dimensional natural convection heat transfer from an isothermal horizontal , vertical and inclined heated square flat plates (with and without circular hole) has been done in the present work. The study involved the numerical solution of the transient Navier-Stokes and energy equations by using finite deference method (F.D.M.). The complete Navier-Stokes equation are transformed and expressed in terms of vorticity-vector potential. The Energy and Vorticity equations were solved by using an Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) method because they are transient equations of parabolic portion, and the Vector potential is solved by using an equations Successive Over-Relaxation (S.O.R) method because it is from elliptic portion. The numerical solution is capable of calculating the Vector potential, three components of Vorticity and temperature field of the calculation domain. The numerical results were obtained in rang of Grashof number (10≤Gr≤5x10) with Prandtl number of (0.72) for square flat plate and the other consist a circle hole with ratio 0.6 and 0.8 diameter of the hole to main square side length. The numerical results showed that the main process of heat transfer is conduction for Grashof number less than 10 and convection for Grashof number larger than 10 and the results of local Nusselt number show fairly large dependence on inclination angle. For horizontal plate facing upward and downward, average Nusselt number is proportional to one-fifth power of Rayleigh number, and there is a significant difference in heat transfer rates between the upward and downward cases. For horizontal plate with circle hole facing upward for Grashof number 10, the effect of core portion caused a limited increment in the heat transfer rate, where as for the facing downward case, the effect was larger and the maximum value of heat transfer rates is be for square flat plate with circle hole by ratio 0.6 for all inclination angles. With the increase of Grashof number to 5x104 heat transfer rates decrease except the square horizontal flat plate with circle hole by ratio 0.6 . The average Nusselt number increases with the increase of inclination of plates facing upward to reach to the higher average Nusselt number at vertical position then decrease with increase of inclination of plates. And the maximum value of average Nusselt number is depended on the ratio of diameter of the hole to main square side length, showed that the maximum temperature gradient occurs at the external edge of the horizontal plate (with and without circle hole) facing upward and at the lower external edge in inclined case. The numerical results was made through comparison with a previous numerical and experimental work, the agreement was good. ا ا د ا ةرا ا ل ارد ا ا ه م\" و $ % &'( )% ى $+أ ي $.اد /$ تاذ $& 2أ و و د3 4 . % )4 52 ا ةرا ا 6رد ت3 7 89:% . $ ار\" ا <8 $=> ، يد\"$ ا $ ا $ % @ ا A+B$ ا ت د $ و C ا $& ا $D ةد\" ا قو ' ا F ما\"9 . $&%او\" ا \" G84 & او G 3 > A> % @ ا A+B ا ت د % و H$I % )% $@ ا \"$GI ا . $آ ـ$L A$> Dr. Ikhlase M.Fayed Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Technology Yasmeen Hameed Abd Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Technology I. M.Fayed Numerical Study for A three Dimensional Laminar Natural Y.Hameed Convection Heat Transfer From an Isothermal Heated Horizontal and Inclined Square plate and with A circular Hole 1520 )% D C ا د % و د % $ F ما\"9 $ ـ$&%او\" ا اد ) 8 $= ا بو $8 ا S $I> ا ( د $ % $G 3@ U$ ذو ، ا ت )$% $& V2 @ ا WC ا ع3 YD $ W$CD ع3$ )$% ت د $ % $G 3@ $ D ا $+ا ا ق3$2 $ C )% @ ا \"GI ا HI % د % L و ، . ) $= HI % )% آ ب :L يد\" ا ا )% @ ا \"GI ا او\" ث 7 ا ت آ او ب : ا C8 ةرا ا 6ردو &% . G& 4 [L ا \\. 8 ا ADر دو\" ف3^ا آ (10 ≤ Gr ≤ 5x10) >\" ا ADر W% ) 0.72 ( ي .ا\"$ ا / 7 ا CD :8 7 ا &'[ ا و ا &'[ ` إ ا &'[ ا W b ل3F ` إ وٍ :% 0.6 و 0.8 . <8& د\" ا \\. 8 ا نإ ف3^ا آ AD &(3 ا ه ةرا ا ل &:&. ا & ا 10 آ AD ا و ف3^ا ̀ $ 4أ )$% 10 و ن & ا واز ` 4 & آ \" b3 ا < : ADر نإ . L 2 &'[ ا & 2 ا )9: ا GG6و ، '$ او ` 4 ا ` إ g$ 3 % ADر W% / 8 < : ADر ار سi ) 5 / 1 ( H$63 ا $ 2 ا W$b3 ا )&$ ةرا $ ا ل $ ا ت \"$ % $2 k$bاو ف $+ا U$ 8ه U $آ ، او ` 4i ' . / : $CD & l$> /$ 7 ا ف3$^ا آ AD $ 10 $ L $2 ةرا $ ا ل $ ا ت \"$ % $2 ةدو\"$ % ةد $ ز $ 7 ا &'$[ ا )9: ا GG6و ` إ ` 4 ا L 2 ا & l> 7آا ن3@> 8& )9: ا GG6و 7 ا &'[ ا ` إ ' ا نا و `[Dأ ل $ ا ل\"$ &D ا &'[ ن3@> ةرا ا :8 7 ا /& 7> 0.6 ' 9 ا & ا اوB و . `$ إ ف3$^ا آ A$Dر ةد $ B 5x10 ل $ ا ل\"$ % $ ا &'[ ا ا\"4 % ةرا ا & 2 ا /$& 7> : \"84 &D `[Dأ ن3@ &L ' ا ` إ )9: ا GG6و 0.6 . g$ 3 % A&$D دادB$> و ا &'[ ا &% واز ةد B < : ADر ` إ [ ` 4 ا ` إ )9: ا GG6 ` 4أ $ > ه\"$ و يد3$ ا W$b3 ا \"$84 G &D &'[ ا ن &% ةد B و ، نإ /& 7 ا : ` 4 \" > < : ADر g 3 &D `[Dأ ، و نإ ̀ $[Dأ \"$84 ن3$@ ةرا $ ا $6ر\" را\"$ ا 7 ا و ا &'[ &6ر 9 ا 2 ا & 2 ا 89: ا ` إ ا ` 4 $&6ر 9 ا ` '$: ا $2 ا \"$84 و ن &$ ا $ L $2 . ر % A$> $ \\. & ا ار\" ا د\"4 \\. W% & 4 و ت ار\" 6 G8& 52ا3 ا ن آ و \"& .

Blunder Detection Techniques in Adjustment Computations

Abstract: In adjustment of geodetic and photogrammetric networks, the surveying engineer faces many problems, such as errors of blunder nature in the observations (when comparing the homogeny of precision) make these observations odd from the result, and effecting directly on observation values after adjustment, and the statistical results after analysis as, adjusted coordinates of points, standard deviations, and ellipse of errors. The research is deal with some of the most common usage of statistical methods to detect these odds observations to confirm which best method is, by studying the advantages and disadvantages of each method to geodetic network. Three statistical methods will use in the analysis, these are:1. Standardized residuals method 2. F-t test 3. Robust estimation method The adjustments were accomplished by preparing a Matlab program with the three blunder detection methods and the results were evaluated and some scientific conclusions were reached. It was found that the robust estimation method represent the better blunder detection technique due to its ability in what is called (multi-blunder detection) , and the resulted higher accuracy indices. ةصلاخلا ذىع ضشتعت يُجنا جيهختنا ثاكبشَ تيسيدُيجنا ثاكبشنا حيحصت سذىٍم حاسمنا ت لأا هم تهمج سُرم ىم رءه طلارغ ثار اارءاط دُرجَ ارٍ يرق مرهع ةشرشابم ةسُرصل شحثرتَ, تيقبنا هع ةراش ثاداصسلاا يزٌ هم معجت )تقذنا سواجت توساقم ذىع( ثاداصسلاا طعل ف ثادارصسلاا نا ذعل ت ك ميهحتنا ذعل تيئاصحلاا جئاتىناَ حيحص ثايحاذحلإا ا غاقىهن ًححصمن َ تيسايعمنا ثافاشحولاا مرنا تفاظا مكرشنا ن رجيهيهٌلاا اارءالأ .تجتاىنا لَاىتي جحبنا عُمجم ت ا هم تيئاصحلإا قشءن تعئاشنا هرع رشكهن تمذختسمناَ يزرٌ ةرارشنا ثاذرصشنا ل را هرم مرعفلاا ترقيشءنا ساشرقلا تقيشغ مك ئَاسم َ هساحم تساسد ثشيتاا جيح. تيسيدُيج تكبشن ح ح ت قشغ : تلاال تهخمتم تيئاصحا 1 . تيسايقنا قاُبنا تقيشغ (Standardized residuals method) 2 . سابتاا تقيشغ (F-t) test 3 . يتمنا هيمختنا تقيشغ ه (Robust estimation method) جماوشل داذعالَ تغهل (Matlab) ت َ حيحصتنا ااشجا جئارتىنا هيرمخت ن تريمهعنا ثاجاتىترسلاا طرعل مرهع لُرصحه اَ ثاذرصشنا هرع رشكن ي عط ث خنا قشءنا قيبءتل ةراشنا . B. Saleem Blunder Detection Techniques in Adjustment Computations H. Alwan J. Jabir 1486 هيتمنا هيمختنا تقيشغ نا ذجَ ذقَ (Robust estimation method ) مرن اداىترسا ةرارشنا ثاذرصشنا هرع رشكنا رف ًريىقت مرعفط مرخمت ةراشنا ثاذصشهن دذعتمنا شكنا ف تقيشءنا تيهلاق (multi –blunder detection) تروساقم تقيشءنا يزٌ اٌشفُت تنا تيناعنا تقذنا ببسلَ ا هيتقيشءنا طم هييشالأ .

Design Charts for Machine Foundations

Abstract: The problems of design of machine foundations for the special case of vertical mode of vibration for block foundation are presented in this paper. The empirical design method is used to get the results using a computer program MATHCAD dealing with the parameters related to the machine. Design charts that are prepared to be a guide for the designer engineer are drawn. The design charts are based on the variables limitations including the properties of the soil, machine and foundation. The design charts are based on three displacements which are acceptable for design of the machine foundation. ةصلاخلا يدومعلا هاجتلااب نئاكملا سسا اهل ضرعتت يتلا لكاشملا ةسارد ثحبلا نمضتي ةيلتكلا سسلال تمدختسا دقل . ( يباسح جمانرب ةدعاسمب جئاتنلا ىلع لوصحلل ةيعضولا ةقيرطلا MATHCAD ) لاو ذ ي دودح عم لماعتي هنكاملا عم طبترت . لا سدنهملل دشرمك ميمصتلل لوادج دامتعا مت دقل عقوملا يف ممصم تدمتعا ميماصتلا لوادج . تاحازا ثلاث ىلع تدمتعا ثيح .ساسلااو ةنكاملا ,ةبرتلا نم لك صاوخ نمضتت يتلاو تاريغتملا تاددحم .ميمصتلا ةيحان نم ةلوبقم ربتعت يتلاو

Numerical Simulation of Two Dimensional Transient Natural Convection Heat Transfer from Isothermal Horizontal Cylindrical Annuli

Abstract: Numerical solutions are presented for the transient natural convection heat transfer problem in horizontal isothermal cylindrical annuli, enclosed in heated inner and cooled outer cylinders. Solutions for laminar case were obtained within Grashof number based on the inner diameter which varied from 1x10 2 to 1x10 5 in air. Both vorticity and energy equations were solved using alternating direction implicit (ADI) method and stream function equation by successive over relaxation (SOR) method. The structure of fluid flow such as a velocity vector and temperature distribution as well as Nusselt number were obtained and the effect of diameter ratio on them was examined. In addition, the Grashof number was changed with the influence of variation in Prandtle number and diameter ratio. Our numerical calculation are summarized by Nussult number vs. Grashof number curves with diameter ratios and Prandtl as a parameter, which serves as a guide to natural convection heat transfer calculated from annulus. Good agreement with previous data is obtained.

Computer virology: self-defense system

Abstract: Based on the biological human models in defending human body against viruses, a new approach in designing the anti-virus system is introduced. This approach is called SDS( SelfDefence System). The principle of the SDS is that each executable program is responsible of defending itself against viral-attacks. In this system, each executable program is injected with basic anti-virus component which is called Self-Defence Routine. This routine, together with dedicated anti-virus loading program are used to construct the SDS which protects the computer system from virus invasion.

Performance improvements of adaptive fir equalizer using modiefed version of vsslms algorithm

Abstract: In this paper possible improvements in the performance of adaptive Linear Equalizer (LE) and Decision Feed Back Equalizer (DFE) are reported. A modified Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm incorporating a recursively adjusted adaptation step size based on rough estimate of the performance surface gradient square is proposed. The first proposed algorithm was called Adjusted Step Size LMS (ASSLMS) which used single adjusted step size for all weight coefficients. The second proposed algorithm was called Distributed Step Size LMS algorithm (DSSLMS). This algorithm (i.e. DSSLMS) will distribute the resultant variable step size in an exponential form among all weights of the adaptive filter such that each weight coefficient has its own step size. These proposed algorithms through computer simulation results shows favorable performance than traditional LMS algorithm and another Variable Step Size LMS (called VSSLMS) algorithm in terms of fast convergence time, less miss-adjustment in steady state, and good tracking ability.

Multispectral Image Fusion Using Slantlet-Based Ridgelet Transform

Abstract: ABSTRACT This paper introduces a new method in the multispectral image fusion based on ridgelet transform which represents edges better than wavelets. Since edges play a fundamental rule in image understanding, one good way to enhance spatial resolution is to enhance the edges. Ridgelet based image fusion method provides richer information in the spatial and spectral domains simultaneously. Also another method introduced based on new Hybrid transform which is improvement from the Ridgelet transform. Here we used our method to merge the panchromatic image of IKONOS sensor (1m resolution) with its multispectral image (4m resolution). The software used in this paper is (Matlab V 7.0.4 ).

Helical winding induction heating system

Abstract: A novel method in induction heating is presented. The winding of the excitation coil is helical and of three – phase type while the charge is cylindrical. This heating system is compared with the classical induction heating system of the circular coil type with cylindrical charge and single – phase excitation. The study shows the merits of the proposed new system over the conventional one. The multi – layer theory approach is adopted for the analysis of helical winding induction heating system which is an analytical method.

Equilibrium Adsorption of Methane and Carbon Dioxide on 5a Molecular Sieve

Abstract: Experimental and theoretical studies have been carried out to study the adsorption of methane and carbon dioxide on 5A molecular sieve. Adsorption equilibrium isotherms of methane and carbon dioxide are reported for the temperature range 303– 333 K and pressure up to 2.5MPa. Experimental data were obtained using a static system for gas–solid adsorption. The Langmuir adsorption equilibrium equation gave good predictions. Adsorption of methane and carbon dioxide on 5A molecular sieve is purely physical since the isosteric heat of adsorption was found to be equal to 14.804 and 37.218 kJ mole -1 for methane and carbon dioxide, respectively. ةصلاخلا يمرثوزيلاا زازتملاا نزاوت ىلع لوصحلا مت ل ززاز و نزااثيلا ززاغ نوانربلا اثايسوا ييزاث لا اادتاسزن اخزني واااي واااثئيزجلأ 5A ااام واراااتت ارااات زاااح ت اااانع و 303 ااافلس ىااالإ 333 س ااافل ىااالإ اااصي لغاااض و 1.2 يبيرجتلا جذوينلا عم اثح بشن قنزطتت ويربتديلأ جئزتنلا .لزبسزنزبثم ززاز و نزااثيلا ززز زازتما .ريزيبيلال نونربلا اثيسوا ييزث لا ىلع وي وثئيزجلأ خزني 5A ززاغل زازاتملاا ارات نإ إباين الذو يوزيزثف زازتما وه يوزيت نزاثيلا 21..01 و لوم/لوحولثس ل ززغ نونربلا اثيسوا ييزث يوزيت 31.12. .لوم/لوحولثس

Prediction of Mass Transfer Coefficient in Bubble Column Using Artificial Neural Network

Abstract: The volumetric mass transfer coefficient kL.a was calculated using two gases (air and CO2) in water and NaOH solution. The experiments were carried out using 0.1 m column diameter. Empirical and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) correlation were developed to predicted mass transfer coefficient in form of dimensionless groups (Sh, Re,Bo and We). The use of Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) gave better results than other correlations found in literature and than the empirical one found in this study. ا وذ د ا ل ا ارد ! " 0.1 وذ ز &' عز )' ي + 79 2 .' / 0 1 ا ر ' م +د 3 ا 4.1آور4.ه ل ' و ء ا و يز & ا ر ' ن -ر / ا 4.1آوا 9 و ءا : ا ما4; . < 3 ا .آ= ا />? ا ما4; إو د + " A" ) ANN ( DE F ا ' / ا ل ا ب 1 ما4; D ا لH تا4J ا +4 K. ) We,Sh,Re,Bo .( 1/ ا 4 ا ا ع F .آ= ا />? ا ما4; إ ) BPNN ( FD1Jا ةM. N0 ) ا ت .-د ا ةد O ا P'" F .