Showing papers in "The Open Psychology Journal in 2016"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the rationale behind model fitting and its use as validity evidence for a test and the purpose of why the fit of data to a latent trait model counts as valid evidence for the test.
Abstract: Objective: It is a common practice among psychologists and educationalists to provide validity evidence for their instruments by fitting a latent trait model such as exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis or the Rasch model. However, there has been little discussion on the rationale behind model fitting and its use as validity evidence. The purpose of this paper is to answer the question: why the fit of data to a latent trait model counts as validity evidence for a test?
34 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, correlations between self-efficacy, self-regulation of learning and academic achievements in a sample of 101 students of the Psychology Faculty at Universitas Padjadjaran were investigated.
Abstract: In this research, correlations between self-efficacy, self-regulation of learning and academic achievements in a sample of 101 students of the Psychology Faculty at Universitas Padjadjaran were investigated. The study revealed that self-efficacy, selfregulation of learning and academic achievements are positively correlated, which implies that if one of the three variables experience a positive or negative change, the other two will also experience change. The coefficient correlations found in this research are 0.456 for correlation between self-efficacy and self-regulation of learning, 0.304 for correlation between self-regulation of learning and achievement; and 0.263 for correlation between self-efficacy and academic achievement.
31 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a study aimed to identify the level of academic procrastination among a group of students and its correlation with parenting styles and found that there was a significant positive correlation between academic postponement and parenting styles.
Abstract: This study aims to identify the level of academic procrastination among a group of students and its correlation with parenting styles. A sample of 685 male and female undergraduate students was chosen from many different faculties at the Hashemite University. Two questionnaires; academic procrastination and parenting styles, were administrated to members of the sample during the academic year 2013/2014. Results indicated that few students (7%) showed a high level of academic procrastination, over half of the students (67%) showed a medium level and approximately a quarter of students (26%) showed a low level of academic procrastination, there was no significant differences between male and female in academic procrastination scores. Final results indicated a significant positive correlation between academic procrastination and parenting styles.
26 citations
TL;DR: The importance of considering the children's perspective has been highlighted by many authors as discussed by the authors, who have concluded that students' affective relationships with their teachers are crucial for their academic motivation and commitment to school.
Abstract: Received: September 28, 2016 Revised: December 05, 2016 Accepted: December 06, 2016 Abstract: Background: Numerous studies on educational and developmental psychology have concluded that students’ affective relationships with their teachers are crucial for their academic motivation and commitment to school. Frequently the relationship is evaluated from the teacher’s point of view, but the importance of considering the children’s perspective has been highlighted by many authors.
22 citations
TL;DR: For instance, this article found that people who work hard also tend to play hard, and that the strongest pairwise relationship was between attraction to accomplishment and attraction to leisure, which was also positively correlated with mortality salience.
Abstract: Do people who work hard also tend to play hard? We tested this hypothesis using an online questionnaire-based study of a large volunteer sample of university undergraduate students. Participants responded to questions designed to detect variation in attraction to accomplishment/fame (or ‘work’) and attraction to leisure (or ‘play’). Additional questions were asked, for use in posthoc exploratory analyses, to evaluate attraction to parenthood and attraction to religion, as well as assessment of mortality salience and negative mood. Using partial correlation analyses, by far the strongest pairwise relationship was between attraction to accomplishment and attraction to leisure. Both were also positively correlated with mortality salience. Multi-dimensional scaling analysis distinguished two clusters (groups) of participants suggesting two general categories of mortality anxiety buffering strategies involving legacy delusion: one incorporating primarily religion combined with parenthood — a ‘religious family-oriented’ type — and one involving primarily accomplishment (also with attraction to parenthood), but combined strongly with leisure in place of religion — a ‘secular go-getter’; the ‘work hard – play hard’ type.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define whether different types of parenting styles (and which ones) affect the child's development in the direction of narcissism, through a systematic review of the studies on the subject in the literature, considering only research published from the nineties to today.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to define whether different types of parenting styles (and which ones) affect the child's development in the direction of narcissism, through a systematic review of the studies on the subject in the literature, considering only research published from the Nineties to today. The ten studies considered in this review are representative of the main approaches used to investigate the association between parenting and the emergence of narcissistic features in children. These studies have used different research methods, operationalizing the concept of parenting in diversified ways and showing sensitivity to the multidimensionality of the construct of narcissism. The results of these studies allow us to say that types of positive parenting are more associated in general with the development of healthy narcissistic tendencies, compatible with the normal physical, mental and adaptive child's development.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to test the multidimensional structure of the scale and the predictive validity was assessed examining associations between different dimensions of the romantic jealousy and insecure romantic attachment.
Abstract: Method: 361 participants (168 males and 193 females), aged 20 to 40 (M = 26.50; SD = 4.99) were recruited. A confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) was performed to test the multidimensional structure of the scale. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to verify the reliability. The predictive validity was assessed examining associations between different dimensions of the romantic jealousy and insecure romantic attachment. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was implemented in order to verify gender differences.
8 citations
TL;DR: The authors found that older adults' fixations to the mentioned (positive) event were enhanced when the still photograph of a previously-inspected positive-valence speaker face was (vs. wasn't) emotionally congruent with the event/sentence.
Abstract: Received: May 27, 2016 Revised: October 20, 2016 Accepted: October 25, 2016 Abstract: Background: Prior visual-world research has demonstrated that emotional priming of spoken sentence processing is rapidly modulated by age. Older and younger participants saw two photographs of a positive and of a negative event side-by-side and listened to a spoken sentence about one of these events. Older adults’ fixations to the mentioned (positive) event were enhanced when the still photograph of a previously-inspected positive-valence speaker face was (vs. wasn’t) emotionally congruent with the event/sentence. By contrast, the younger adults exhibited such an enhancement with negative stimuli only.
8 citations
TL;DR: FSQ scores were significantly higher in unhealthy participants compared to healthy participants and in participants with a sleep debt or a sleep change compared to participants with their ideal amount of sleep.
Abstract: Measurements and Results: The FSQ showed adequate internal consistency; Chronbach's alpha ranged from .73 to .82. Test-retest reliability after a ten-minute interval was also acceptable (r=.71). The FSQ had incremental validity over the (SSS) in predicting measures of participant health (r=-.25 vs. r=-.11, z=-2.30, p=<.05), sleep debt (r=.30 vs. r= .15, z=2.82, p<.01) and sleep changes (over or under sleeping by 90 minutes or more) on the night prior (r=.35 vs. r=.22, z=2.20, p<.05). FSQ scores were significantly higher in unhealthy participants compared to healthy participants and in participants with a sleep debt or a sleep change compared to participants with their ideal amount of sleep. FSQ scores were also significantly higher in participants taking the test during a circadian low with sleep debt or sleep changes than in participants taking the test during a circadian mid or high point with these sleep differences.
7 citations
TL;DR: According to the Latin poet Virgil, art is capable of revealing to us what no science can ever reveal to a human mind as discussed by the authors, which can strongly foster humans' efforts to attain a deeper and broader comprehension of reality.
Abstract: Received: September 28, 2016 Revised: November 30, 2016 Accepted: December 05, 2016 Abstract: Background: According to the Latin poet Virgil, art is capable of revealing to us what no science can ever reveal to a human mind. The main thesis of this paper is that art can play an extremely beneficial role in society as it can strongly foster humans’ efforts to attain a deeper and broader comprehension of reality.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared narrated memories of parents and friends, recounted by both males and females, and found that the language of memories was substantially influenced by the identity of the social partners that were part of the remembered events.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare narrated memories of parents and friends, recounted by both males and females. A total of 177 Italian undergraduates were asked to recall and to write in detail one relevant memory regarding their relationship with either parents or friends during adolescence. Half of the participants wrote a narrative about parents and half about friends. Narratives were examined using both a content and a lexical linguistic method of analysis. The results showed that the language of memories was substantially influenced by the identity of the social partners that were part of the remembered events. In particular the ratio of negative emotion words to all words and the use of 'I' personal pronouns were higher when participants recounted memory narratives about parents rather than friends, and 'We' was used more in narratives about friends. Gender differences were found as well. The authors interpret the results as suggesting that the language of memory is affected by the type of interpersonal relationship that exists between the narrator and the other participants in the remembered events as well as by the gender of the narrator. In other words, memory narratives both reflect and are influenced by the relationships within which an individual is embedded.
TL;DR: This paper found that participants in the induced disgust condition showed greater implicit, but not explicit, disapproval of both homosexual and heterosexual public French kissing, compared to those in the neutral conditions, with regard to disgust sensitivity.
Abstract: Results: The findings revealed that participants in the induced disgust condition showed greater implicit, but not explicit, disapproval of both homosexual and heterosexual public French kissing, compared to those in the neutral conditions. Homosexual public French kissing was implicitly judged more harshly than heterosexual public French kissing. With regard to disgust sensitivity, results revealed its contribution to implicit judgements.
TL;DR: The fatality rate per 10,000 people is about 30 times higher in developing countries than in high-income countries as discussed by the authors, which can be explained in terms of different traffic safety cultures.
Abstract: Received: February 3, 2016 Revised: June 9, 2016 Accepted: June 9, 2016 Abstract: Background: There is agreement that road user behaviour is the most important contributing factor for traffic accidents. It is therefore essential to understand better the causes of accidents and design remedies that can efficiently treat them. The fatality rate per 10,000 people is about 30 times higher in developing countries than in high-income countries These differences, beside other factors, can be explained in terms of different traffic safety cultures.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a study on the effects of depression on function and disability in the Hokkaido University of Functioning and Disability (HOD) and the Japan Department of Psychiatry (JDP).
Abstract: Department of Functioning and Disability, Faculty of Health Science, Hokkaido University Kita 12, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan Department of Psychiatry, Asahiyama Hospital 4-3-33, Futagoyama, Chuou-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 064-0946, Japan Department of Psychiatry, Matsumoto Mental Clinic 7-1, Kita 7, Nishi5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0807, Japan Department of Psychology, Toyama University 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
TL;DR: In this article, the self-assessment questionnaires: Mini DIA (Österman The Mini Inventory of Direct and Indirect Aggression, 2010), IPPA (Armsden, Greenberg Attachment scale, 1987), EAS (Buss, Plomin Temperament scale, 1997) and BPAQ (Bussell, Perry Aggression Questionnaire, 1992).
Abstract: Method: The respondents’ behaviour was measured with the self – assessment questionnaires: Mini DIA (Österman The Mini Inventory of Direct and Indirect Aggression, 2010), IPPA (Armsden, Greenberg Attachment scale, 1987), EAS (Buss, Plomin Temperament scale, 1997) and BPAQ (Buss, Perry Aggression Questionnaire, 1992). The sample consisted of 160 secondary school students aged between 16 and 19. There were 82 girls (60%) and 78 boys (40%) in the studied population. The study was conducted in groups during a one-hour session.
TL;DR: The findings suggest that the extinction memory was active and susceptible to disruption 75 minutes after the extinction session, but the original fear memory may have been protected from the amnestic effects with sufficient time to reconsolidate.
Abstract: Two experiments using rats were conducted to evaluate the post-extinction delay necessary to obtain retrograde amnesia for a moderate extinction training memory. In Experiment 1, six minutes of extinction (i.e., cue-exposure) was sufficient to reduce fear of the black compartment of a white-black shuttle box, however the amnestic treatment cycloheximide (CHX) failed to produce retrograde amnesia for extinction (i.e., show fear). In Experiment 2, CHX was administered at various post-extinction delays (0-min, 60-min, 75-min, 120-min) to assess whether the active extinction memory could be susceptible to amnesia if the original fear memory had time to reconsolidate. The results indicated that administrating CHX 75 minutes after extinction produced retrograde amnesia for extinction, but not for shorter post-extinction delays, thus demonstrating a temporal gradient. These findings suggest that the extinction memory was active and susceptible to disruption 75 minutes after the extinction session, but the original fear memory may have been protected from the amnestic effects with sufficient time to reconsolidate.