Showing papers in "Thermal Engineering in 2010"
TL;DR: In this article, the possibilities of applying the metal magnetic memory method in combination with ultrasonic examination for diagnosing the main components of steam-turbine rotor disks are considered.
Abstract: The possibilities of applying the metal magnetic memory method in combination with ultrasonic examination for diagnosing the main components of steam-turbine rotor disks are considered.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a study of the present state of the world's power engineering, prospects for its future development, and its effect on the environment and climate for the period of up to 2200 are presented.
Abstract: Results obtained from a study of the present state of the world’s power engineering, prospects for its future development, and its effect on the environment and climate for the period of up to 2200 are presented. It is shown that, given the framework of modern tendencies in the development of civilization, it is expected that the number of the population on the planet, consumption of energy in the world, and scales of negative effect on the atmosphere will all be stabilized.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a phenomenological description of metal erosion is presented based on previously obtained experimental results, and a universal expression determining interrelation between the main parameters of erosion destruction is given.
Abstract: A phenomenological description of metal erosion worked out on the basis of previously obtained experimental results is presented, and a universal expression determining interrelation between the main parameters of erosion destruction is given.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a model for a chemical reactor for oxidizing aluminum in wet saturated steam to obtain a high-temperature and high-head flow of steam-hydrogen mixture, as well as aluminum oxides and (or) hydroxides was considered.
Abstract: A model is considered that represents a chemical reactor for oxidizing aluminum in wet saturated steam to obtain a high-temperature and high-head flow of steam-hydrogen mixture, as well as aluminum oxides and (or) hydroxides. The thermal gas-dynamic parameters of the reactor are analyzed using a combined calculated and theoretical approach, which made it possible to determine the region of considered parameters optimal in terms of the thermodynamic efficiency of the reactor.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it is shown that application of annular fuel elements makes it possible to increase the specific power of a nuclear power plant while keeping its safety indicators at a high level.
Abstract: Prospects for enhancing heat transfer in the core of reactor plants by using annular fuel elements are considered. Advantages of changing over to use of annular fuel elements are analyzed, and problems that must be solved are identified. It is shown that application of annular fuel elements makes it possible to increase the specific power of a reactor while keeping its safety indicators at a high level.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this article, methods and mathematical models were developed at the Melentiev Energy Systems Institute, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences for studying the efficiency of renewable energy sources and estimating the field in which they can compete with the traditional energy technologies and prospects for their further applications.
Abstract: Methods and mathematical models are presented that have been developed at the Melentiev Energy Systems Institute, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences for studying the efficiency of renewable energy sources and estimating the field in which they can compete with the traditional energy technologies and prospects for their further applications. Results obtained from studies of renewable energy sources at global and local levels are analyzed. An approach applied to modeling methods for economically stimulating the use of renewable energy sources is described.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a brief generalized information on using nontraditional renewable energy sources around the world is presented, and prospective technologies and possibilities of applying them in Russia are discussed, as well as their application in the Russian market.
Abstract: Brief generalized information on using nontraditional renewable energy sources around the world is presented, and prospective technologies and possibilities of applying them in Russia are discussed.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the optimal steam superheating range is determined within which the maximal efficiency of a geothermal plants is achieved with the minimal cost for installing additional equipment, and a thermodynamic analysis is presented.
Abstract: Results from studying the use of hydrogen steam superheating for geothermal plants by means of a thermodynamic analysis are presented. The optimal steam superheating range is determined within which the maximal efficiency of a geothermal plants is achieved with the minimal cost for installing additional equipment.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison of the existing technologies and those under development as to heating values of the gas mixtures obtained, quantitative yield of these mixtures, and effectiveness of transformation of the initial raw material into gas is given.
Abstract: Methods of thermal reprocessing of wood and peat to obtain high-calorific gas mixtures are considered. The comparison of the existing technologies and those under development as to heating values of the gas mixtures obtained, quantitative yield of these mixtures, and effectiveness of transformation of the initial raw material into gas is given. Certain attention is paid for the analysis of a possibility to put into effect waste-less technologies.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the most developed technologies of biopower engineering and innovative developments, as well as the possibilities of using nonfood raw materials as second-generation biofuel are discussed.
Abstract: Current matters relating to utilization of biomass for producing energy are discussed, including the most developed technologies of biopower engineering and innovative developments, as well as the possibilities of using nonfood raw materials as second-generation biofuel. It is shown that microalgae can be considered as prospective sources of different kinds of renewable biofuel, such as methane, biohydrogen, bioethanol, biobutanol, pyrolysis biofuel, biodiesel, and renewable diesel fuel, and can serve as an alternative to the traditional cultures used for power-generating purposes.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the main technical solutions regarding pilot combined-cycle plant with coal gasification with the use of technology developed at VTI are presented, and the results of development and substantiation of the principal technical solutions are presented.
Abstract: Results of development and substantiation of the main technical solutions regarding pilot combined-cycle plant with coal gasification with the use of technology developed at VTI are presented.
TL;DR: In this paper, the possibility of using the inertia of cogeneration systems for periodically reducing the supply of heat from cogenerations stations during the hours of maximum electric loads is considered.
Abstract: The possibility of using the inertia of cogeneration systems for periodically reducing the supply of heat from cogeneration stations during the hours of maximum electric loads is considered. The technical and economic effects from using this approach are determined. A circuit solution is proposed, the use of which will make it possible to obtain a considerable economic gain while retaining reliable and high-quality supply of heat to consumers.
TL;DR: In this article, the results from tests of technology for decontaminating spent radioactive ion exchange resins at the Balakovo and Kalinin nuclear power stations are presented.
Abstract: Results from tests of technology for decontaminating spent radioactive ion-exchange resins at the Balakovo and Kalinin nuclear power stations are presented. Versions of technological schemes with cleaning and repeated use of decontaminating solution are considered. The possibility of considerably reducing the volume of radioactive wastes is demonstrated.
TL;DR: The need for 100% utilization of ash produced at coal-fired power stations is substantiated in this paper, where specific features of ash as a source of raw materials for various industry branches are considered.
Abstract: The need of 100% utilization of ash produced at coal-fired power stations is substantiated. The specific features of ash as a source of raw materials for various industry branches are considered. It is shown that integrated reprocessing of ash makes it possible to utilize it completely for producing concentrates that can be used in metallurgy, industry of construction materials, and other industry branches.
TL;DR: In this paper, a procedure for revealing factors causing damage to metal and the dominating mechanism through which this damage occurs is applied for substantiating the operating conditions of valves with D nom = 800 mm installed in the multiple forced circulation loop of power units at nuclear power stations equipped with RBMK-1000 reactors under which their resistance to erosion is ensured.
Abstract: A procedure for revealing factors causing damage to metal and the dominating mechanism through which this damage occurs that was developed earlier is applied for substantiating the operating conditions of valves with D nom = 800 mm installed in the multiple forced circulation loop of power units at nuclear power stations equipped with RBMK-1000 reactors under which their resistance to erosion is ensured. Operating conditions under which cavitation erosion may occur are established, and practical proposals on how to prevent damage to the metal of a throttle-control valve’s body are presented.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the separation characteristics of moisture removing slits during interchannel separation and measured not only the flowrate of the liquid phase through the slits, but also the flow rate of steam sucked together with liquid.
Abstract: Results obtained from an experimental study on analyzing the separation characteristics of moisture removing slits during interchannel separation are presented. Not only the flowrate of the liquid phase through the moisture removing slits, but also the flowrate of steam sucked together with liquid was measured during the study.
TL;DR: In this article, a thermodynamic analysis of coal-water fuel is carried out and the influence of temperature, pressure, relative quantity of air, and fraction of moisture in coal water fuel on gasification efficiency, content, and yield of synthesis gas is studied.
Abstract: A thermodynamic analysis of processes through which coal-water fuel is gasified in a flow is carried out. The influence of temperature, pressure, relative quantity of air, and fraction of moisture in coal-water fuel on the gasification efficiency, content, and yield of synthesis gas is studied.
TL;DR: In this article, a radical-chain mechanism governing thermal-oxidation destruction of organic substances contained in the coolant of thermal and nuclear power stations is considered, and conjectures about the fundamental processes through which protective amine films are formed on the surface of metals are suggested.
Abstract: A radical-chain mechanism governing thermal-oxidation destruction of organic substances contained in the coolant of thermal and nuclear power stations is considered. Hypotheses on the chemical nature of antioxidation properties of amines are presented. Theoretical conjectures about the fundamental processes through which protective amine films are formed on the surface of metals are suggested.
TL;DR: In this article, experimental studies of the gas generation process as applied to independent power-generating installations are presented, and recommendations for putting these installations into operation aimed at expanding the use of low-grade kinds of fuel for power generation purposes are given.
Abstract: Results from experimental studies of the gas generation process as applied to independent power-generating installations are presented. Circuit solutions for implementing this technology are presented, and recommendations for putting these installations into operation aimed at expanding the use of low-grade kinds of fuel for power generation purposes are given.
TL;DR: In this article, an analysis of damageability and determination of dominating mechanisms through which thinning occurs to the metal of elements used in the tube system of heat recovery boilers used as part of combined-cycle plants during operation and during their outages is presented.
Abstract: We present the results from an analysis of damageability and determination of dominating mechanisms through which thinning occurs to the metal of elements used in the tube system of heat recovery boilers used as part of combined-cycle plants during operation and during their outages. Results obtained from putting in use a technology for making the tubes of such boilers more resistant to erosion-corrosion wear with the aid of film-forming amines are also presented. Measures are proposed on extending the service life of the tube system of heat recovery boilers used as part of combined-cycle plants and operating under the conditions of single- and two-phase flows.
TL;DR: In this paper, the conditions under which the thermodynamic limit of boiling is reached are analyzed, and a formula for calculating critical heat flowrates is proposed, based on existing data on heat transfer for swirl flow with one-sided heating.
Abstract: Matters related to calculating critical heat flowrates during boiling in a highly subcooled flow are considered. Existing data on heat transfer for swirl flow with one-sided heating are analyzed, and a formula for calculating critical heat flowrates is proposed. The conditions under which the thermodynamic limit of boiling is reached are analyzed.
TL;DR: In this article, new approaches for organizing repair services for the equipment of territorial and united generating companies under the conditions of a competitive market of electric energy and repair services are outlined and compared.
Abstract: New approaches for organizing repair services for the equipment of territorial and united generating companies under the conditions of a competitive market of electric energy and repair services are outlined.
TL;DR: In this article, the most advisable lines in which the Russian industry can develop advanced new-generation gas-turbine units and combined-cycle plants competitive in the first half of the 21st century are formulated.
Abstract: Proposals on the most advisable lines in which the Russian industry can develop advanced new-generation gas-turbine units and combined-cycle plants competitive in the first half of the 21st century are formulated.
TL;DR: In this paper, the results obtained from chemical and carbide analyses and a study on determining short-term mechanical properties and critical brittleness temperature, as well as data on the heat strength and heat resistance properties of new Grade 10Kh9V2MFBR-Sh steel, which is an analog of Grade Kh10CrWMoVNb9-2 (P92) steel.
Abstract: We present the results obtained from chemical and carbide analyses and a study on determining short-term mechanical properties and critical brittleness temperature, as well as data on the heat strength and heat resistance properties of new Grade 10Kh9V2MFBR-Sh steel, which is an analog of Grade Kh10CrWMoVNb9-2 (P92) steel.
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive work on optimizing operational monitoring of the main metal of pipelines used in the condensate-feedwater path of power units at nuclear power stations equipped with VVER-1000 reactors is presented.
Abstract: New principles, methods, and measures used for preventing the occurrence of failures in elements, pipelines, and equipment of nuclear power stations and making them more resistant to erosion-corrosion wear during operation are outlined. Results obtained from comprehensive work on optimizing operational monitoring of the main metal of pipelines used in the condensate-feedwater path of power units at nuclear power stations equipped with VVER-1000 reactors are presented. The main directions and stages of work on elaborating normative documents and software systems for supporting the personnel of nuclear power stations are determined.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the influence of the bundle's geometrical characteristics on its power efficiency and showed that the effect of the shape of a wire bundle on the power efficiency of the wire bundle was significant.
Abstract: Results from studies of heat transfer and airdynamic drag in bundles assembled from oval tubes spaced at relative transverse pitches equal to 2.07, 2.24, and 2.62 and with a constant relative longitudinal pitch equal to 2.24 are presented. The influence of the bundle’s geometrical characteristics on its power efficiency is analyzed.
TL;DR: In this article, the fundamental aspects that must be taken into account in extending the service life of the main heat-generating and mechanical equipment at thermal power stations are outlined, and the selection of new advanced materials for the manufacture of equipment in retrofitting existing and constructing new power facilities is discussed.
Abstract: Matters of ensuring reliable and safe operation of power-generating equipment are briefly analyzed, and the main objectives thermal power engineering faces in this respect are formulated. The fundamental aspects that must be taken into account in extending the service life of the main heat-generating and mechanical equipment at thermal power stations are outlined. Selection of new advanced materials for the manufacture of equipment in retrofitting existing and constructing new power facilities is discussed. Proposals on supporting and improving the set of regulatory documents for diagnosing power-generating equipment and extending its service life are given.
TL;DR: The basic process diagram and main technical solutions adopted in constructing the pilot 2.5MW Pauzhet binary geothermal power station are described in this paper, where results obtained from an analysis of some principles of selecting the working fluid and optimizing the working parameters and operating modes of this power unit are presented.
Abstract: The basic process diagram and main technical solutions adopted in constructing the pilot 2.5-MW Pauzhet binary geothermal power station are described. Results obtained from an analysis of some principles of selecting the working fluid and optimizing the working parameters and operating modes of this power unit are presented.
TL;DR: In this paper, the main lines of research in the field of dye-sensitized solar cells are reviewed and the possibilities of making the devices more efficient and prospects for their future development are considered.
Abstract: Modern achievements and main lines of research in the field of dye-sensitized solar cells are reviewed. Advantages of this method for converting solar energy are shown. The possibilities of making the devices more efficient and prospects for their future development are considered.
TL;DR: In this article, a thermodynamic model of the O-U-Zr-Fe system is proposed to describe the immiscibility of the oxide and metal phases of the core melt and makes it possible to estimate their densities.
Abstract: Thermochemical behavior of the core melt in the VVER-type reactor at severe accident is discussed. Experimental information gained made it possible to construct a thermodynamic model of the O-U-Zr-Fe system. The model describes the immiscibility of the oxide and metal phases of the core melt and makes it possible to estimate their densities. Parameters of the model were obtained by comparison with diagrams of binary and ternary subsystems, as well as with results of the MASCA experiment. Additional verification calculations show good agreement of the theory with experiment. In particular, parametric calculations showed that there is a wide enough region of the core melt parameters at which densities of the oxide and metal phases are comparable in values, but this fact does not rule out the probability of stratification with upper position of the oxide layer. In its simplified formulation the model has been incorporated into the HEFEST code. Results are reported for calculations of heat transfer in the stratified core melt in the reactor vessel for two different cases of relative location of the melt layers.